38- A WUR SNP is associated with European Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Virus Syndrome (Research paper – Abellaa – 2016)

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38 Research paper – Abellaa – 2016 – A WUR SNP is associated with European Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Virus Syndrome

38 Research paper
A WUR SNP is associated with European Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Virus Syndrome resistance and growth performance in pigs
by Abellaa, G, Penaa, R.N., Nogaredaa, C., Armengola, R, Vidalc, A., Moradellc, L., Tarancond, V., Novelld, E., Estanya, J., and L. Frailea
2016 Research in Veterinary Science 104: 117-122
In Significant Impact Groups: Breeding for disease resistance or robustness \
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
A Spanish study investigated the variation in Average Daily Gain (ADG) between pigs vaccinated with a local Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) strain and pigs infected with a wild-type virus. Pigs from negative PRRSV farms were infected with a wild-type virus or vaccinated with a local PRRSV strain. The amount of virus shed from the pigs, ADG and their genotype (i.e. ‘WUR’ at a specific protein gene) was assessed. Results showed individual variation in the amount of virus from pigs challenged with a wild-type or a vaccine strain. The presence of the gene trait, WUR, was linked to positive ADG in vaccinated pigs. However, the reverse happened in a virus-free environment where pigs without this gene trait were those that grew fastest. There’s scope for selecting pigs according to their responses to PRRS virus infection – the WUR gene trait may play a role in PRRSV resistance.
38 Research paper – Abellaa – 2016 – A WUR SNP is associated with European Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Virus Syndrome
Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0034528815301156; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.12.014
Country: ES

403 – Selective breeding for high natural antibody level increases resistance to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli APEC in chickens (Research paper – Berghof – 2019)

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403 Research paper – Berghof – 2019 – Selective breeding for high natural antibody level increases resistance to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli APEC in chickens

Selective breeding for high natural antibody level increases resistance to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in chickens by Berghof, T.V.L., Matthijs, M.G.R., Arts, J.A.J., Bovenhuis H., Dwars, R.M., J.J. van der Poel, Visker, M.H.P.W., and H.K. Parmentier 2019 Developmental and Comparative Immunology 93: 45-57
In Significant Impact Groups: Breeding for disease resistance or robustness
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Chickens bred for higher levels of ‘natural antibodies’ have a better Escherichia coli disease resistance, researcher of Wageningen University & Research and Utrecht University report. Breeding chickens for an improved general disease resistance is thereby a step closer. This can ultimately result in reduced antibiotics use and improved welfare for animals. Animals have so-called ‘natural antibodies’, which are a part of the immune system. Natural antibodies recognize pathogens in healthy animals, without (a previous) exposure of the animal to this pathogen. The antibodies slow down and prevent spreading of the pathogen from in the body. In addition, they warn and activate other parts of the immune system.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0145305X18304816; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2018.12.007
Country: NL

Best Practice Guide: Potential of Breeding and Genetics for Robust and Resilient animals

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Check out this collection of practical information about Potential of Breeding and Genetics for Robust and Resilient animals!

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346 – Genome editing for disease resistance in pigs and chickens (Research paper – Proudfoot – 2019)

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346 Research paper – Proudfoot – 2019 – Genome editing for disease resistance in pigs and chickens

In Significant Impact Groups: Breeding for disease resistance or robustness
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Targeted breeding is common practice, with measurable production traits such as feed conversion in cattle or wool production in sheep. In the late 20th century, genomic selection was added to the livestock breeding tool box achieving faster improvement in livestock production efficiency. Genome editing offers new opportunities to livestock breeding for disease resistance, allowing the direct translation of laboratory research into disease-resistant or resilient animals. Shown progress in genome editing so far in pigs and chicken are discussed (PRRS, PEDV, ASFV and ALV, avian influenza virus).The two major hurdles still to be faced prior to implementation of this promising technology are consumer acceptance and the regulatory framework.

Where to find the original material: https://academic.oup.com/af/article/9/3/6/5522878; https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfz013
Country: UK

298 – Genetic determinism estimate for the mastitis resistance in Romanian buffalo (Research paper – Popa – 2017)

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298 Research paper – Popa – 2017 – Genetic determinism estimate for the mastitis resistance in Romanian buffalo

In Significant Impact Groups: Breeding for disease resistance or robustness \
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
The Romanian Buffalo numbers are decreasing and therefore it is very important to develop efficient breeding programs or active conservation to improve population for characters associated with these productions. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for milk somatic cells count. Also, this character could allow a selection of individuals in the direction of resistance to mastitis. A total 609 milk yield and associated data records, belonging to 87 females were analyzed for 7 lactations. Study has revealed the existence of a poor genetic determinism for somatic cell count and a high variability in connection to the number of lactations. Results indicate that environmental factors play a substantial role in genetic expression. So, the number of somatic cells must be exclusively an indicator of milk hygiene and not included in selection objective of buffaloes (resistance to mastitis).

Where to find the original material: https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20173233315;
Country: RO

291 – Looking after the individual to reduce disease in the flock – A binomial mixed effects model investigating the impact of individual sheep management (Research paper – Green – 2007)

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291 Research paper – Green – 2007 – Looking after the individual to reduce disease int he flock_ A binomial mixed effects model investigating the impact of individual sheep management of in

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals Euthanasia/culling; Breeding for disease resistance or robustness
Species targeted: Sheep;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
A total of 160 ewes on one farm in England were studied for 18 months. Cases of footrot and interdigital dermatitis in individually identified sheep and treatment and flock control measures were recorded. In this one flock, cases of footrot and interdigital dermatitis were linked and associated with trimming of feet. They were also negatively associated with the use of antibiotics and topical antibiotic sprays in either the first +/- second 2-week period. These results suggest 1) that ‘footrot and interdigital dermatitis are infectious diseases that can be controlled, in part, through the use of antibiotics, which acts to reduce the infectious period of diseased sheep’ and 2) that ‘routine trimming of diseased and healthy feet increase disease, through environmental contamination +/- through increased susceptibility of sheep with recently trimmed feet’.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587706002078; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2006.09.005
Country: UK

225 Developing integrated livestock breeding and management strategies to improve animal health product quality and performance in European organic and low input milk (Industry Innovation)

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225 Industry Innovation – Developing integrated livestock breeding and management strategies to improve animal health product quality and performance in European organic and low input milk

In Significant Impact Groups: Breeding for disease resistance or robustness \ Housing and welfare
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Sheep;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
LowInputBreeds integrated breeding and management to improve animal health, product quality and performance in organic and low input milk, meat and eggs. Four technical sub-projects (SP) were evaluated for ethical, economic and environmental impact in a 5th SP, which also covered training and dissemination, including our website which lists contacts and bi-annual newsletters. By developing and integrating (a) genotypes selected for performance, robustness and product quality traits, and (b) management innovations to improve ‘low input’ systems the project made a significant contribution towards regionally-adapted breeding strategies, compatible with sustainable production, high product quality and organic principles.

Where to find the original material: https://cordis.europa.eu/docs/results/222/222623/final1-lib-publishable-summary-pdf.pdf;
Country: UK

224 Review_ New considerations to refine breeding objectives of dairy cows for increasing robustness and sustainability of grass-base (Research paper – Roche, 2018)

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224 Research paper – Roche – 2018 – Review_ New considerations to refine breeding objectives of dairy cows for increasing robustness and sustainability of grass-base

In Significant Impact Groups: Breeding for disease resistance or robustness
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
Although food from grazed animals is increasingly sought by consumers because of perceived animal welfare advantages, grazing systems provide the farmer and the animal with unique challenges. The cow may have to walk long distances and be able to harvest feed efficiently in a highly competitive environment because of the need for high levels of pasture utilisation. She must be: highly fertile, with a requirement for pregnancy within ~80 days post-calving; ‘easy care’, because of the need for the management of large herds with limited labour; able to walk long distances; and robust to changes in feed supply and quality, so that short-term nutritional insults do not unduly influence her production and reproduction cycles. In the future, there will be greater emphasis on more difficult to measure traits that are important to the quality of life of the animal in each production system and to reduce the system’s environmental footprint.

Where to find the original material: https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/38965DA690D400722B82D93510F1835C/S1751731118002471a.pdf/review_new_considerations_to_refine_breeding_objectives_of_dairy_cows_for_increasing_robustness_and_sustainability_of_grassbase
Country: NZ

223 Genetic Improvement of Livestock for Milk Production (Research paper – Kiplagat, 2012)

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223 Research paper – Kiplagat – 2012 – Genetic Improvement of Livestock for Milk Production

In Significant Impact Groups: Breeding for disease resistance or robustness
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
This chapter presents issues pertaining to genetic improvement of livestock for production. It covers aspects from basic population to quantitative genetics to molecular genetics, and their application in animal breeding. The use of specific gene information could help to increase rates of genetic improvement, and open opportunities for using additive and non-additive genetic effects of domestic species, provided wise improvement goals are used and this new technology is optimally used together with the so called ‘traditional’ or ‘conventional’ methods based on phenotypic and genealogical information. A rational use of the molecular methodologies in milk production genetic improvement requires the simultaneous optimization of selection on all the genes affecting important traits in the population. The maximum benefit can be obtained when these techniques are used in conjunction with reproductive technologies like artificial insemination, and collection and production in vitro of embryos to accelerate genetic change.

Where to find the original material: https://www.intechopen.com/books/milk-production-advanced-genetic-traits-cellular-mechanism-animal-management-and-health/genetic-improvement-of-livestock-for-milk-production; http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/50761
Country: KE