Disease Prevention Archives - Page 3 of 15

428 Cadavers hydrolisis by Biosecuritas (Industry Innovation)

Oct 2021/in Biosecurity, Database record, Farm/industry innovation, Pigs, Spain /by GeorgetaANGST

428 Industry Innovation – Cadavers hydrolisis by Biosecuritas

428 Industry Innovation
Cadavers hydrolisis by Biosecuritas
In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \External biosecurity; Cadavers
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Hydrolysis of death animals is a system for an intermediate storage of cadavers during at least 6 months. The main advantages are: (i) bacterial and virus control in the environment because hydrolysis produce an inactivation of the majority of the pathogens, and (ii) reduce the carcass collection frequency. It is not needed to collect the death animals once or twice per week, with this system the carcass collection is once or twice per year.
Where to find the original material: https://www.biosecuritas.com/;
Country: ES

423 – Comparing Farm Biosecurity and Antimicrobial Use in H (Research paper – Caekebeke – 2020)

Oct 2021/in Belgium, Biosecurity, Database record, Netherlands, Pigs, Poultry, Research report/paper /by GeorgetaANGST

423 Research paper – Caekebeke – 2020 – Comparing Farm Biosecurity and Antimicrobial Use in H

423 Research paper
Comparing Farm Biosecurity and Antimicrobial Use in High-Antimicrobial-Consuming Broiler and Pig Farms in the Belgian–Dutch Border Region by Caekebeke, N., Jonquiere, F. J., Ringenier, M., Tobias, T. J., Postma, M., van den Hoogen, A., Houben, M. A. M., Velkers, F. C., Sleeckx, N., 2020 Veterinary Science 7: 11-Jan
In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \Internal biosecurity; Animal
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry;
Age: Young;
Summary:
On average, more biosecurity measures were implemented on Dutch farms, compared to Belgian farms in both animal species. In addition, more opportunities were found to increase the level of internal biosecurity compared to external biosecurity in both countries. There was a substantial difference in AMU between farms from both countries. In both poultry and pig production, the majority of antimicrobials used were extended-spectrum penicillins. Compared to Belgian farms, Dutch poultry farms used high amounts of (fluoro)quinolones (1 and 15% of total AMU, respectively). None of the production parameters between broiler farms differed significantly, but in pig production, weaning age in Belgian farms (median: 23) was lower than in Dutch farms (median: 27). These results indicate considerable room for improvement in both countries and animal species. Farm-specific preventive strategies can contribute to lowering the risk for animal disease and hence the need for AMU.
423 Research paper – Caekebeke – 2020 – Comparing Farm Biosecurity and Antimicrobial Use in H
Where to find the original material: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345942229_Comparing_Farm_Biosecurity_and_Antimicrobial_Use_in_High-Antimicrobial-Consuming_Broiler_and_Pig_Farms_in_the_Belgian-Dutch_Border_Region; Frontiers in Veterinary Science
Country: Belgium; Netherlands

421 – Vaccination schedules in small ruminant farms (Research paper – Lacastaa – 2015)

Oct 2021/in Database record, Pathogen management, Research report/paper, Sheep, Spain, Vaccination /by GeorgetaANGST

421 Research paper – Lacastaa – 2015 – Vaccination schedules in small ruminant farms

421 Research paper
Vaccination schedules in small ruminant farms by D.Lacastaa, L.M.Ferrera, J.J.Ramosa, J.M.Gonzálezb, A.Ortína, G.C.Fthenakisc, 2015 Veterinary Microbiology 181: 34-46
In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Vaccination
Species targeted: Sheep;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
Development and implementation of health management plans is the cornerstone of profitable farms; prevention of microbial diseases by means of vaccination is an integral part of such a plan. In every production type and management system in small ruminants, microbial diseases have a major significance, hence their proper control must be based in good health management practices, including use of effective and safe vaccines. The article reviews and discusses vaccination programs and latest advances in development of vaccines against diseases that cause major economic losses in small ruminants.
421 Research paper – Lacastaa – 2015 – Vaccination schedules in small ruminant farms
Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378113515002801?via%3Dihub; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.07.018
Country: ES

403 – Selective breeding for high natural antibody level increases resistance to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli APEC in chickens (Research paper – Berghof – 2019)

Oct 2021/in Breeding for Resilience, Database record, Netherlands, Poultry, Research report/paper /by GeorgetaANGST

403 Research paper – Berghof – 2019 – Selective breeding for high natural antibody level increases resistance to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli APEC in chickens

Selective breeding for high natural antibody level increases resistance to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in chickens by Berghof, T.V.L., Matthijs, M.G.R., Arts, J.A.J., Bovenhuis H., Dwars, R.M., J.J. van der Poel, Visker, M.H.P.W., and H.K. Parmentier 2019 Developmental and Comparative Immunology 93: 45-57
In Significant Impact Groups: Breeding for disease resistance or robustness
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Chickens bred for higher levels of ‘natural antibodies’ have a better Escherichia coli disease resistance, researcher of Wageningen University & Research and Utrecht University report. Breeding chickens for an improved general disease resistance is thereby a step closer. This can ultimately result in reduced antibiotics use and improved welfare for animals. Animals have so-called ‘natural antibodies’, which are a part of the immune system. Natural antibodies recognize pathogens in healthy animals, without (a previous) exposure of the animal to this pathogen. The antibodies slow down and prevent spreading of the pathogen from in the body. In addition, they warn and activate other parts of the immune system.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0145305X18304816; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2018.12.007
Country: NL

Hoof trimming in dairy cows

Oct 2021/in Biosecurity, Cattle, Disease Prevention /by ACTA

Diseases of the hoof affect the welfare of the animal and require expensive treatments, with negative effects on milk production and reproductive activity. Studies conducted worldwide estimate that the prevalence of laminitis is between 20 and 30%. The dairy cow is expected to produce large amounts of milk, often leading to combined problems of the udder and hooves. The pressure on the cow’s body to produce milk determines a metabolic stress that decrease her immunity.

The main causes of diseases of the hoof in cows are: high stocking densities in the stable; poor quality of the floor on which the cow treads, frequent changes to grouping, excessive energy and protein from the feed ration, and genetics (the problems of the hooves are inherited through breeding).

Several measures can help to prevent hoof diseases in dairy cows, such as: maintaining good hygiene in the shelters, keeping the floors of the barn clean and dry; bathing the hoof of the cows before or after leaving the milking parlour and maintaining the same bath for a period of 2-3 days; periodic trimming, at least 2-3 times a year; feeding rations which are energy and protein balanced during the transition period; reducing the frequency of modifications to the feed rations; and ensuring feeds utilise good quality fats according to nutritional requirements.

In the dry period, the concentrated feed should be reduced, or even eliminated, from the ration, and after calving the inclusion of concentrates should gradually increase. The addition of Zinc to the ration has favourable effects on the skin and the hooves. Furthermore, animal breeding should be directed towards obtaining animals with strong bones, correct statutre and resistance to hoof diseases.

Biosecurity measures on Pig Farms

Oct 2021/in Biosecurity, Pigs /by ACTA

Biosecurity is ensured on a pig farm by implementing a set of organizational and technical measures in order to prevent the introduction, persistence and spread of pathogens, as well as to protect animal and public health.
The main objective of implementing these measures is to reduce the risk of introducing and spreading diseases to, from or within:
• an animal population
• a unit, area, compartment, means of transport or any other facilities, premises or locations;

The key objectives of a biosecurity plan:

1. preventing the penetration of pathogens (exclusion of pathogens or external biosecurity)
2. reducing the penetration / spread of pathogens already existing among animals or other sections of the farm (biomanagement or internal biosecurity).
3. preventing the penetration / spread of pathogens existing in the farm to other non-infected farms / animals (e.g. biocontamination).
4. minimizing the incidence and spread of infections that impact the health of the population.

Biosecurity measures

I. Ensuring the farm perimeter:
II. The existence, operation and proper maintenance of the veterinary sanitary filter:
III. The proper maintenance of the facilities used for housing, feeding and watering animals;
IV. Feed supply;
V. Transporting live animals to and from the farm:
VI. Code of good practice and good hygiene practice
VII. Adhering to the technological principle “all-in, all-out” at the compartment/pen level.