325- Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 1 (Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018)

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325 Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018 – Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 1

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Vaccination; Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
Vaccines and other alternative products can help minimize the need for antibiotics by preventing and controlling infectious diseases in animal populations, and are central to the future success of animal agriculture. This article, synthesizes and expands on the expert panel discussions regarding opportunities, challenges and needs for the development of vaccines that may reduce the need for use of antibiotics in animals. Vaccines are widely used to prevent infections in food animals. Various studies have demonstrated that their animal agricultural use can lead to significant reductions in antibiotic consumption, making them promising alternatives to antibiotics. To be widely used in food producing animals, vaccines have to be safe, effective, easy to use, and cost-effective. Although vaccines have the potential to improve animal health, safeguard agricultural productivity, and reduce antibiotic consumption and resulting resistance risks, targeted research and development investments and concerted efforts are needed to realize that potential.

Where to find the original material: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13567-018-0560-8; https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0560-8
Country: USA; UK; FR; BE; DE

322 – Antimicrobial Resistance on Farms – A Review Including Biosecurity and the Potential Role of Disinfectants in Resistance Selection (Research paper – Davies – 2019)

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322 Research paper – Davies – 2019 – Antimicrobial Resistance on Farms_ A Review Including Biosecurity and the Potential Role of Disinfectants in Resistance Selection

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Other;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Efforts to limit antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on farms have mostly focused on control of the supply and use of antimicrobial drugs, plus husbandry measures to reduce infectious disease. In the United Kingdom and some other countries, substantial progress has been made recently against targets on agricultural antimicrobial drug use. However, resistant bacteria can persist and spread within and between premises despite declining or zero antimicrobial drug use. Reasons for this include: bacterial adaptations, horizontal transmission of genetic resistance determinants between bacteria, physical transfer of bacteria via movement (of animals, workers, and equipment), ineffective cleaning and disinfection, and co-selection of resistance to certain drugs by use of other antimicrobials, heavy metals, or biocides. Aspects of biosecurity have repeatedly been identified as risk factors for the presence of AMR on farm premises, but there are still large gaps in our understanding of the most important risk factors and the most effective interventions.

Where to find the original material: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1541-4337.12438; https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12438
Country: UK

316 – Effects of Reducing Antimicrobial Use and Applying a Cleaning and Disinfection Program in veal calve farming (Research paper – Dorado-Garcia – 2015

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316 Research paper – Dorado-Garcia k – 2015 – Effects of Reducing Antimicrobial Use and Applying a Cleaning and Disinfection Program in veal calve farming

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \Internal biosecurity; Housing
Species targeted: Beef;
Age: Young;
Summary:
This study evaluated strategies to curb livestock-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA). Fifty-one veal calf farms were assigned to one of 3 study arms: RAB farms reducing antimicrobials by protocol; RAB-CD farms reducing antimicrobials by protocol and applying a cleaning and disinfection program; and Control farms without interventions. MRSA carriage was tested in week 0 and week 12 of 2 consecutive production cycles in farmers, family members and veal calves.
This intervention study showed that lower levels of antimicrobial consumption significantly reduced the probability for MRSA carriage in veal calves. The specific cleaning and disinfection program used in this study was not shown to be successful, possibly because it resulted in increased MRSA air loads. A set of determinants for MRSA in calves were disclosed longitudinally to possibly give shape to more refined additional future interventions.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4549302/pdf/pone.0135826.pdf ; https://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135826
Country: NL

298 – Genetic determinism estimate for the mastitis resistance in Romanian buffalo (Research paper – Popa – 2017)

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298 Research paper – Popa – 2017 – Genetic determinism estimate for the mastitis resistance in Romanian buffalo

In Significant Impact Groups: Breeding for disease resistance or robustness \
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
The Romanian Buffalo numbers are decreasing and therefore it is very important to develop efficient breeding programs or active conservation to improve population for characters associated with these productions. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for milk somatic cells count. Also, this character could allow a selection of individuals in the direction of resistance to mastitis. A total 609 milk yield and associated data records, belonging to 87 females were analyzed for 7 lactations. Study has revealed the existence of a poor genetic determinism for somatic cell count and a high variability in connection to the number of lactations. Results indicate that environmental factors play a substantial role in genetic expression. So, the number of somatic cells must be exclusively an indicator of milk hygiene and not included in selection objective of buffaloes (resistance to mastitis).

Where to find the original material: https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20173233315;
Country: RO

296 – The effect of vaccination on the transmission of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in pigs under field conditions (Research paper – Villarreal – 2011)

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296 Research paper – Villarreal – 2011 – The effect of vaccination on the transmission of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in pigs under field conditions

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Vaccination
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
This study investigated the effect of vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae on its transmission in nursery pigs under field conditions. Seventy-two pigs were randomly placed at weaning into vaccinated (V) and non-vaccinated (NV) groups. Animals in the V group were vaccinated at 3 weeks of age with a commercial M. hyopneumoniae bacterin vaccine. Broncho-alveolar lavage fluid taken at weaning and at the end of the nursery period was assessed for the presence of M. hyopneumoniae, and the reproduction ratio of infection (Rn) was calculated. The study indicates that vaccination does not significantly reduce the transmission of this respiratory pathogen.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023310001450; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.04.024
Country: BE

291 – Looking after the individual to reduce disease in the flock – A binomial mixed effects model investigating the impact of individual sheep management (Research paper – Green – 2007)

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291 Research paper – Green – 2007 – Looking after the individual to reduce disease int he flock_ A binomial mixed effects model investigating the impact of individual sheep management of in

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals Euthanasia/culling; Breeding for disease resistance or robustness
Species targeted: Sheep;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
A total of 160 ewes on one farm in England were studied for 18 months. Cases of footrot and interdigital dermatitis in individually identified sheep and treatment and flock control measures were recorded. In this one flock, cases of footrot and interdigital dermatitis were linked and associated with trimming of feet. They were also negatively associated with the use of antibiotics and topical antibiotic sprays in either the first +/- second 2-week period. These results suggest 1) that ‘footrot and interdigital dermatitis are infectious diseases that can be controlled, in part, through the use of antibiotics, which acts to reduce the infectious period of diseased sheep’ and 2) that ‘routine trimming of diseased and healthy feet increase disease, through environmental contamination +/- through increased susceptibility of sheep with recently trimmed feet’.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587706002078; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2006.09.005
Country: UK

281 – Relationship Between Barn Hygiene and Lameness Prevalence in Thirty-Five Transylvanian Dairy Farms (Research paper – Popescu – 2010)

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281 Research paper – Popescu – 2010 – Relationship Between Barn Hygiene and Lameness Prevalence in Thirty- Five Transylvanian Dairy Farms

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \ Pathogen management
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
This study focuses on the relationship between hygiene and lameness prevalence in dairy cattle kept in tie-stall barns in Transylvania (Romania). The barns’ hygiene was assessed based on the body hygiene of the housed cattle. The prevalence of lameness was determined and the cleanliness of the two body areas of the cows in 35 dairy farms with tie-stall housing. A total of 2028 dairy cows were evaluated. The percentage of hygiene scores of 3 and 4 for the upper leg and flank was on average 41% and for the lower leg on average 33%, with significant differences between the hygiene of the two body areas. They found an association between leg hygiene and lameness, both with respect to lower leg hygiene and upper leg and flank hygiene. The obtained results showed that the poor hygiene of barn represents a risk factor associated to lameness prevalence in tied dairy cattle.

Where to find the original material: http://journals.usamvcluj.ro/index.php/veterinary/article/view/5956; http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:67:1:5956
Country: RO

271 – Control of environmental conditions during a long wait for the day-old chick at the hatchery before breeding – What are the impacts on the quality and (Research paper – Puterflam – 2019)

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271 Research paper – Puterflam – 2019 – Control of environmental conditions during a long wait for the day-old chick at the hatchery before breeding_ what are the impacts on the quality and

In Significant Impact Groups: Housing and welfare \ Weaning age and management; Biosecurity
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young;
Summary:
The robustness of day-old chicks is a crucial parameter to optimize welfare, to limit their mortality, and to reduce the use of antibiotics. The age of the breeders and the time at the hatchery can have a negative impact on their robustness. The aim of this study was to test optimized environmental conditions during a prolonged wait (24 hours) before breeding of two sets of day-old chicks from breeders at the beginning of laying (DP) and at the end of laying (FP). Results show that chicks placed in cases of lower density, in controlled environment, and with empty space between each box to improve air circulation significantly have less in weight loss between hatching and arrival at the farm, a significant increase in weight at D12 in FPs, a cloacal temperature greater at D1, and at slaughter a higher breast yield.

Where to find the original material: https://www.itavi.asso.fr/content/maitrise-des-conditions-dambiance-pendant-une-attente-prolongee-du-poussin-dun-jour-au;
Country: FR

270 – Alternatives to formaldehyde compounds for hygiene of Gallus gallus hatching eggs (Research paper – Puterflam – 2017)

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270 Research paper – Puterflam – 2017 – Alternatives to formaldehyde compounds for hygiene of Gallus gallus hatching eggs

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ Other Biosecurity
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young;
Summary:
During cooling of freshly laid eggs, the porosity of the eggshell allows environmental microorganisms to penetrate the egg and it is a cause of poor health for chicks’. The presence of microorganisms on the shell, the time between laying and collection, and storage conditions of eggs can increase risk of contamination. The disinfection of hatching eggs is an effective way of prevention, but it is done several hours after laying, with some risk of bacterial proliferation. Therefore it is important to reduce the contamination of the eggs after laying and before their introduction in the hatching process. Several assays to test alternative practices to reduce bacterial contamination were done. Using air disinfection systems in the egg conveyor didn’t lead to decrease bacterial contamination on egg surface. However, quick isolation of freshly laid eggs from the rearing area led to a significant decrease of outer- and inner-shell bacterial contamination.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7601528/; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101488
Country: FR

265 – Reduction of antibiotics use in foie gras production – Actual uses and risks factors associated (Research paper – Litt – 2017)

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265 Research paper – Litt – 2017 – Reduction of antibiotics use in foie gras production _ Actual uses and risks factors associated

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use; Biosecurity
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
A survey aiming to reduce antibiotics use in poultry farming for foie gras production was conducted in 70 breeding lots. This study revealed a lot of risky practices (at least one other poultry farm in the vicinity for 60% of cases, multi-ages on the same site for nearly ¾ of farms, multi-species in 1 case out of 10, low use of sanitary huts, …). With 31% of the batches receiving at least one treatment and Antibiotic Treatment Frequency Indexes lower than 0.3 (0-21 days and 0-12 weeks), antimicrobial use was low. No critical antibiotics have been used to treat the animals followed during the study. Factors associated with antibiotic treatments focus on hygiene and biosafety precautions, vaccination and water quality. Since biosafety is at the heart of current developments for this production, the future evolution of breeding systems should naturally have a favorable effect on the decline in antibiotics use.

Where to find the original material: https://www.itavi.asso.fr/content/reduire-lusage-des-antibiotiques-dans-la-filiere-palmipedes-gras;
Country: FR