326 – Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 2 (Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018)

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326 Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018 – Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 2

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Vaccination; Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
This article highlights new approaches and potential solutions for the development of vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics in food producing animals. Many current vaccines fall short of ideal vaccines in one or more respects. Promising breakthroughs to overcome these limitations include new biotechnology techniques, new oral vaccine approaches, novel adjuvants, new delivery strategies based on bacterial spores, and live recombinant vectors; they also include new vaccination strategies in-ovo, and strategies that simultaneously protect against multiple pathogens. However, translating this research into commercial vaccines that effectively reduce the need for antibiotics will require close collaboration among stakeholders, for instance through public–private partnerships. Targeted research and development investments and concerted efforts by all affected are needed to realize the potential of vaccines to improve animal health, safeguard agricultural productivity, and reduce antibiotic consumption and resulting resistance risks.

Where to find the original material: https://veterinaryresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13567-018-0561-7?optIn=true; https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0561-7
Country: USA; UK; FR; BE; DE

325- Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 1 (Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018)

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325 Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018 – Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 1

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Vaccination; Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
Vaccines and other alternative products can help minimize the need for antibiotics by preventing and controlling infectious diseases in animal populations, and are central to the future success of animal agriculture. This article, synthesizes and expands on the expert panel discussions regarding opportunities, challenges and needs for the development of vaccines that may reduce the need for use of antibiotics in animals. Vaccines are widely used to prevent infections in food animals. Various studies have demonstrated that their animal agricultural use can lead to significant reductions in antibiotic consumption, making them promising alternatives to antibiotics. To be widely used in food producing animals, vaccines have to be safe, effective, easy to use, and cost-effective. Although vaccines have the potential to improve animal health, safeguard agricultural productivity, and reduce antibiotic consumption and resulting resistance risks, targeted research and development investments and concerted efforts are needed to realize that potential.

Where to find the original material: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13567-018-0560-8; https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0560-8
Country: USA; UK; FR; BE; DE

324- Use of phytobiotics in broiler nutrition an alternative to infeed antibiotics (Research paper – Grashorn – 2010)

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324 Research paper – Grashorn – 2010 – Use of phytobiotics in broiler nutrition an alternative to infeed antibiotics

In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health \ Feed additives and supplements; Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
After the ban of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in the EU many alternative substances have been investigated for their potential to replace AGPs. Phytobiotics are discussed as one promising alternative due because they contain many pharmacologically active compounds. A huge number of studies have confirmed a wide range of activities of phytobiotics in poultry nutrition like stimulation of feed intake, antimicrobial, coccidiostatic and anthelmintic effects. The present paper gives a short review on the characteristics of phytobiotics, on the potential mode of action and on the effects of phytobiotics in diets on performance, carcass and meat quality and health status in broilers. Furthermore, it addresses possible safety concerns involving application of phytobiotics.
324

Where to find the original material: http://www.jafs.com.pl/Use-of-phytobiotics-in-broiler-nutrition-n-an-alternative-to-infeed-antibiotics-,66297,0,2.html; https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/66297/2010
Country: DE

323 Risk for the development of Antimicrobial Resistance AMR due to feeding of calves with milk containing residues of antibiotics (Research report – EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards – 2016)

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323 Research report – EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards – 2016 – Risk for the development of Antimicrobial Resistance AMR due to feeding of calves with milk containing residues of antibiotics

In Significant Impact Groups: Other
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young;
Summary:
This reports assess both the risk for the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to feeding on farm of calves with colostrum containing residues of antibiotics; and risk for the development of AMR due to feeding on farm of calves with milk of cows treated during lactation with an antibiotic and milked during the withdrawal period. It also proposes options to limit the risk of AMR derived from such practices. Treatment of dairy cows during the dry period and during lactation is common. Milk from cows receiving antimicrobial treatment during lactation contains residues during the treatment and withdrawal period, and this milk will lead to increased faecal shedding of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria by calves. A range of possible options exist for restricting the feeding of such milk to calves. b-Lactamases can reduce the concentration of b-lactams. Options to limit these bacteria in raw milk or colostrum are based on thermal inactivation.

Where to find the original material: https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4665; https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4665
Country: Not applicable (European Commission)

322 – Antimicrobial Resistance on Farms – A Review Including Biosecurity and the Potential Role of Disinfectants in Resistance Selection (Research paper – Davies – 2019)

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322 Research paper – Davies – 2019 – Antimicrobial Resistance on Farms_ A Review Including Biosecurity and the Potential Role of Disinfectants in Resistance Selection

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Other;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Efforts to limit antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on farms have mostly focused on control of the supply and use of antimicrobial drugs, plus husbandry measures to reduce infectious disease. In the United Kingdom and some other countries, substantial progress has been made recently against targets on agricultural antimicrobial drug use. However, resistant bacteria can persist and spread within and between premises despite declining or zero antimicrobial drug use. Reasons for this include: bacterial adaptations, horizontal transmission of genetic resistance determinants between bacteria, physical transfer of bacteria via movement (of animals, workers, and equipment), ineffective cleaning and disinfection, and co-selection of resistance to certain drugs by use of other antimicrobials, heavy metals, or biocides. Aspects of biosecurity have repeatedly been identified as risk factors for the presence of AMR on farm premises, but there are still large gaps in our understanding of the most important risk factors and the most effective interventions.

Where to find the original material: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1541-4337.12438; https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12438
Country: UK

321 – Risk Factors for AMR in Escherichia coli in Pigs Receiving Oral Antimicrobial Treatment – A Systematic Review (Research paper – Burow – 2017)

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321 Research paper – Burow – 2017 – Risk Factors for AMR in Escherichia coli in Pigs Receiving Oral Antimicrobial Treatment A Systematic Review

In Significant Impact Groups: Other
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
The aim of this literature review was to identify risk factors (besides antimicrobial treatment) for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurrence in commensal Escherichia coli in pigs. A variety of studies were searched in 2014 and 2015. It was reported that space allowance, production size/stage, cleanliness, entry of animals and humans into herds, dosage/frequency/route of administration, time span between treatment and sampling date, herd size, distance to another farm, coldness, and season had an impact on AMR occurrence. However, further research is needed on the effects of specific management practices to develop well-founded management advice.

Where to find the original material: https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/mdr.2015.0318; https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2015.0318
Country: DE

320 – Animal Sound Talks Real-time Sound Analysis for Health Monitoring in Livestock (Research paper – Berckmans – 2015)

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320 Research paper – Berckmans – 2015 – Animal Sound Talks Real-time Sound Analysis for Health Monitoring in Livestock

In Significant Impact Groups: Precision Livestock Farming & Early detection \ Sensor technology
Species targeted: Pigs; Beef;
Age: Young;
Summary:
Precision livestock farming (PLF) is a livestock management technology. Sound-based PLF techniques have significant advantages over other technologies such as cameras. Besides the fact that microphones are contactless and relatively cheap, there is no need for a direct line of sight, while large groups of animals can be monitored with a single sensor in a room. This paper presents an example of a PLF product, the respiratory distress monitor, which automatically monitors the respiratory health status of a group of pigs. Results of five different use cases are discussed to show the effectiveness of the respiratory distress monitor as an early warning tool for respiratory problems in a pig house. It is demonstrated that the tool works for the early detection of animal responses due to technical issues (ventilation problems) and health issues in a wide range of different conditions in commercial European pig houses.

Where to find the original material: https://limo.libis.be/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=LIRIAS1673361&context=L&vid=Lirias&search_scope=Lirias&tab=default_tab&lang=en_US&fromSitemap=1;
Country: BE

318 – Perceptions circumstances and motivators that influence implementation of zoonotic control programs on cattle farms (Research paper – Ellis-Iversen – 2010)

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318 Research paper – Ellis-Iversen – 2010 – Perceptions circumstances and motivators that influence implementation of zoonotic control programs on cattle farms

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \
Species targeted: Dairy; Beef;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
The implementation of disease control programs on farms requires an act of behavioral change. Interviews were conducted with 43 farmers in England and Wales with the objective to explore the perception of responsibility for zoonotic control among cattle farmers and identifying barriers that influence the implementation of control programs. Younger farmers and/or larger herds were more likely to place financial responsibility upon the industry rather than government. In general, attitudes towards zoonotic control were positive, but approximately half the farmers showed no intent to control. The remaining farmers showed intent to control, but had not implemented any structured control program due to external barriers including lack of knowledge and both cultural and economic pressure from society and industry. Farmers with no intent to adopt control measures identified their private veterinarian as the preferred motivator, whereas consumer-demand and financial rewards or penalties were significantly associated with farmers who intended to control.

Where to find the original material: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.11.005; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.11.005
Country: UK

317 – Antimicrobial use in Swedish farrow-to-finish pig herds is related to farmer characteristics (Research paper – Backhans 2016)

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317 Research paper – Backhans 2016 – Antimicrobial use in Swedish farrow-to-finish pig herds is related to farmer characteristics

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:

The farm , or farm-related factors influencing antimicrobial (AM) use in 60 farrow-to finish pig farms in Sweden was investigated and how biosecurity level, farmers’ attitudes to AM and information provided by the herd veterinarian influence AM use under Swedish conditions. There was no significant association between biosecurity and AM use and attitudes to AM were also not significant associated with AM use. However, individual characteristics of farmer were found to be important. Older farmers, females and university-educated farmers used more AM in suckling piglets, and older farmers use more AM in weaners. Larger farms were associated with higher treatment incidence in fatteners. The lack of association between AM use and biosecurity was explained by the general better biosecurity level in Swedish herds and may thus be more difficult to identify, and might be due to the overall better health status of the pigs.

Where to find the original material: https://porcinehealthmanagement.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40813-016-0035-0; https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-016-0035-0
Country: SE

316 – Effects of Reducing Antimicrobial Use and Applying a Cleaning and Disinfection Program in veal calve farming (Research paper – Dorado-Garcia – 2015

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316 Research paper – Dorado-Garcia k – 2015 – Effects of Reducing Antimicrobial Use and Applying a Cleaning and Disinfection Program in veal calve farming

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \Internal biosecurity; Housing
Species targeted: Beef;
Age: Young;
Summary:
This study evaluated strategies to curb livestock-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA). Fifty-one veal calf farms were assigned to one of 3 study arms: RAB farms reducing antimicrobials by protocol; RAB-CD farms reducing antimicrobials by protocol and applying a cleaning and disinfection program; and Control farms without interventions. MRSA carriage was tested in week 0 and week 12 of 2 consecutive production cycles in farmers, family members and veal calves.
This intervention study showed that lower levels of antimicrobial consumption significantly reduced the probability for MRSA carriage in veal calves. The specific cleaning and disinfection program used in this study was not shown to be successful, possibly because it resulted in increased MRSA air loads. A set of determinants for MRSA in calves were disclosed longitudinally to possibly give shape to more refined additional future interventions.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4549302/pdf/pone.0135826.pdf ; https://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135826
Country: NL