84 : A longitudinal field trial assessing the impact of feeding waste milk containing antibiotic residues on the prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in calves (Research paper – Brunton, 2014)

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84 Research paper – Brunton – 2014 – A longitudinal field trial assessing the impact of feeding waste milk containing antibiotic residues on the prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia col

84 : Research paper
A longitudinal field trial assessing the impact of feeding waste milk containing antibiotic residues on the prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in calves.  Brunton, L.A., Reeves, H.E., Snow, L.C. and J.R. Jones. 2014. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 117: 403-412.

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Feed / gut health
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young;

Summary: A field trial was done on a farm known to have resistant Escherichia coli, in order to understand if feeding calves with waste milk with antibiotic residues could lead to detecting more resistant bacteria in the faeces of calves. The findings of this study indicate that feeding waste milk with antibiotic residues on this farm increased the amount of resistant bacteria shed in the faeces. Resistant E. coli persists for longer after weaning in calves fed milk with resistant bacteria. These findings are applicable to the situation observed on this farm, but may differ on other farms depending on contents of the waste milk or level of contamination on the farm. Still, the antibiotics used on this farm have been commonly used on dairy farms in in England and Wales, so results shown can give an idea of what to expect in similar contexts.

84 : Research paper – Brunton – 2014 – A longitudinal field trial assessing the impact of feeding waste milk containing antibiotic residues on the prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in calves
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587714002578; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.08.005

Country: UK

490 – Benefits from cutting antibiotic use in dry cows (Research report – Mc Pherson – 2019)

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490 Research report – Mc Pherson – 2019 – Benefits from cutting antibiotic use in dry cows

490 Research report
Benefits from cutting antibiotic use in dry cows by Mc Pherson L. 2019 British Dairying 2019: 50-52
In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals; Targeted use of antibiotics; Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Selective Dry Cow Therapy (SDCT) is becoming more common on many dairy farms in response to increasing pressure to use antibiotics responsibly in agriculture, as well as the demands from milk buyers and supermarkets. Trials have shown that cows with no evidence of existing infection within the udder can be successfully dried off with only a teat sealant. The use of antibiotic dry cow therapy can then be targeted to only those cows with evidence of infection at dry off—usually indicated by a high somatic cell count in late lactation.
Where to find the original material: https://www.fas.scot/publication/selective-dry-cow-therapy/;
Country: UK

422 Reducing lameness for Better Returns by Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (Tools & Checklists)

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422 Tools & Checklists – Reducing lameness for Better Returns by Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board

422 Tools & Checklists
Reducing lameness for Better Returns by Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board
In Significant Impact Groups:
Species targeted: Sheep;
Age:
Summary:
It may not be possible to eradicate lameness entirely, but producers who understand the condition and its many and varied causes can reduce the physical and financial effects of having lame animals on the farm. You need to devise a strategy to suit your situation and employ various management tools to prevent and reduce its effect on your flock. It is important to correctly diagnose the cause of lameness and to only use antibiotics when necessary and effective. This manual describes in detail the different diseases that can cause sheep to go lame. It outlines a five-point plan to tackle these diseases, including culling persistent offenders, quarantining all incomers and treating affected sheep appropriately.
Where to find the original material: https://projectblue.blob.core.windows.net/media/Default/Beef%20&%20Lamb/BRP_ReduceLame3484_200323_WEB.pdf;
Country: United Kingdom;

388 – Veterinary use of bacteriophage therapy in intensively-reared livestock (Research paper – Gigante – 2019)

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388 Research paper – Gigante – 2019 – Veterinary use of bacteriophage therapy in intensively-reared livestock

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ Immunomodulators
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Zoonoses are infectious diseases transmitted directly or indirectly between animals and humans. Several important zoonotic pathogens colonize farm animals asymptomatically, which may lead to contamination of the food chain and public health hazards. Moreover, routine sampling of carcasses at retail by government authorities over the past 20 years suggests the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in foodborne pathogens has increased. If this continues, antibiotics may be ineffective against such pathogens in the future and alternative approaches, such as phage therapy, may be necessary. Intensive livestock farming is the only realistic way of meeting the demand for meat from an increasing global population and growth in middle class consumers in developing countries, particularly in Asia. This review elaborates on the use of phages to control zoonotic pathogens in intensively-reared livestock (poultry and pigs).

Where to find the original material: https://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12985-019-1260-3; 10.1186/s12985-019-1260-3
Country: UK

371- Practical strategies to reduce antimicrobial use in dairy farming (Research report – EuroDairy – 2018)

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371 Research report – EuroDairy – 2018 – Practical strategies to reduce antimicrobial use in dairy farming

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ None
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult; Young;
Summary:
This report highlights the extent of quantitative reduction which can be achieved, both in overall antimicrobial use, and especially of Critically Important Antibiotics (CIA’s) whose efficacy must be preserved for use in human medicine. EuroDairy gathered intelligence through its partners and wider networks, organized a cross border workshop, farmer exchange visits, technical webinars, and linked to regional Operational Groups focussed on reducing antibiotics. The only way to sustainably reduce the risk of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is through an integrated approach to disease control, which sustainably improves animal health. Hotspots for antibiotic use are treatment for mastitis (including dry cow therapy), lameness and foot health, respiratory disease and young stock health.

Where to find the original material: https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/documents/downloadPublic?documentIds=080166e5c0d054f7&appId=PPGMS;
Country: SE; DK; NL; UK; BE; FR; ES

365 – A review of environmental enrichment for laying hens during rearing in relation to their behavioral and physiological development (Research paper – Campbell – 2019)

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365 Research paper – Campbell – 2019 – A review of environmental enrichment for laying hens during rearing in relation to their behavioral and physiological development

Housing and welfare \ Enrichment
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young;
Summary:
Recently, there has been increasing focus on the impacts of the rearing environment on long-term behavior, health, and welfare of layers. Enriching the rearing environments with physical, sensory, and stimulatory additions can help to maximize the bird’s developmental potential. This review describes the available literature regarding enrichments provided during rearing and the subsequent impact they have on different aspects of behavioral and physiological development, including identifying the ways enrichments could have biological impact. The behaviour of the birds and their needs (dustbathing, perching, foraging) will improve their well-being and will probably result in a bird that is better able to respond to infections. But what exactly the mechanism behind the positive impact of enriched housing environments is on immunocompetence are currently poorly understood due to limited research in this area. There is a need to identify practical cost-effective enrichments that producers would use on-farm and to have commercial validation of positive impacts on aspects of behavior and biology.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579119302822; https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey319
Country: UK; NL; AU

346 – Genome editing for disease resistance in pigs and chickens (Research paper – Proudfoot – 2019)

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346 Research paper – Proudfoot – 2019 – Genome editing for disease resistance in pigs and chickens

In Significant Impact Groups: Breeding for disease resistance or robustness
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Targeted breeding is common practice, with measurable production traits such as feed conversion in cattle or wool production in sheep. In the late 20th century, genomic selection was added to the livestock breeding tool box achieving faster improvement in livestock production efficiency. Genome editing offers new opportunities to livestock breeding for disease resistance, allowing the direct translation of laboratory research into disease-resistant or resilient animals. Shown progress in genome editing so far in pigs and chicken are discussed (PRRS, PEDV, ASFV and ALV, avian influenza virus).The two major hurdles still to be faced prior to implementation of this promising technology are consumer acceptance and the regulatory framework.

Where to find the original material: https://academic.oup.com/af/article/9/3/6/5522878; https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfz013
Country: UK

337 – Understanding antimicrobial use and prescribing behaviours by pig veterinary surgeons and farmers – A qualitative study (Research paper – Coyne – 2014)

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337 Research paper – Coyne – 2014 – Understanding antimicrobial use and prescribing behaviours by pig veterinary surgeons and farmers_ a qualitative study

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Increasing awareness of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in human beings and veterinary medicine has raised concerns over the issue of overuse of antimicrobials. Their use in food-producing animals is being challenged because of the perceived risk from the transfer of resistant pathogens from animals to human beings. This study used focus groups to explore the drivers and motivators behind antimicrobial use and prescribing by veterinary surgeons and farmers in the pig industry in the UK. Studies of two veterinary and four farmer focus groups were undertaken, each with between three and six participants, in three regions of high pig density in England. Certain themes, both within and across, the veterinary and farmer focus groups were identified. Veterinary opinion was such that ‘external pressures’, such as pressure from clients, legislation and public perception, were influenced prescribing behaviour, whereas, farmers farming systems and management to be greater drivers of antimicrobial use tendencies.

Where to find the original material: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25200432/; https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.102686
Country: UK

326 – Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 2 (Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018)

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326 Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018 – Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 2

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Vaccination; Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
This article highlights new approaches and potential solutions for the development of vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics in food producing animals. Many current vaccines fall short of ideal vaccines in one or more respects. Promising breakthroughs to overcome these limitations include new biotechnology techniques, new oral vaccine approaches, novel adjuvants, new delivery strategies based on bacterial spores, and live recombinant vectors; they also include new vaccination strategies in-ovo, and strategies that simultaneously protect against multiple pathogens. However, translating this research into commercial vaccines that effectively reduce the need for antibiotics will require close collaboration among stakeholders, for instance through public–private partnerships. Targeted research and development investments and concerted efforts by all affected are needed to realize the potential of vaccines to improve animal health, safeguard agricultural productivity, and reduce antibiotic consumption and resulting resistance risks.

Where to find the original material: https://veterinaryresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13567-018-0561-7?optIn=true; https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0561-7
Country: USA; UK; FR; BE; DE

325- Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 1 (Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018)

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325 Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018 – Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 1

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Vaccination; Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
Vaccines and other alternative products can help minimize the need for antibiotics by preventing and controlling infectious diseases in animal populations, and are central to the future success of animal agriculture. This article, synthesizes and expands on the expert panel discussions regarding opportunities, challenges and needs for the development of vaccines that may reduce the need for use of antibiotics in animals. Vaccines are widely used to prevent infections in food animals. Various studies have demonstrated that their animal agricultural use can lead to significant reductions in antibiotic consumption, making them promising alternatives to antibiotics. To be widely used in food producing animals, vaccines have to be safe, effective, easy to use, and cost-effective. Although vaccines have the potential to improve animal health, safeguard agricultural productivity, and reduce antibiotic consumption and resulting resistance risks, targeted research and development investments and concerted efforts are needed to realize that potential.

Where to find the original material: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13567-018-0560-8; https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0560-8
Country: USA; UK; FR; BE; DE