25 : Antimicrobial use policy change in pre-weaned dairy calves and its impact on antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli. A cross sectional and ecological study (Research paper – Afema, 2019)

/in , , , , , , /by

 

 

25 Research paper – Afema – 2019 – Antimicrobial use policy change in preweaned dairy calves and its impact on antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli_ a cross sectional and e

25 : Research paper
Antimicrobial use policy change in pre-weaned dairy calves and its impact on antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli: a cross sectional and ecological study. Afema, J.A., Davis, M.A. and W.M. Sischo. 2019. BMC Microbiology 19: 217 (14p.)

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Legislation and incentives; Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young;

Summary:
Based on feedback and interaction between study investigators, farm management and consulting veterinarians, a new policy was implemented to reduce antimicrobial use in calves. We investigated the effects of these policy changes in antimicrobial use on resistance in commensal Escherichia coli. In general, there was a declining trend in resistance to most antimicrobials during and after policy changes were implemented, except for ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, ceftiofur and gentamicin.

25 : Research paper – Afema – 2019 – Antimicrobial use policy change in pre-weaned dairy calves and its impact on antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli_ a cross sectional and ecological study

Where to find the original material: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12866-019-1576-6; https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-019-1576-6

Country: US

522 ‘New Frontiers in Animal Care’ by Health for Animals (Industry Innovation)

/in , , , , , , /by

 

 

522 Industry Innovation – NEW FRONTIER

522 Industry Innovation
New Animal Care by Health For Animals
In Significant Impact Groups: Other \
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
Scientific advances and emerging technologies, from artificial intelligence to stem cell therapy and new generations of vaccines, have provided greater opportunities to predict, prevent, diagnose and treat animal illness more quickly, accurately and safely. Veterinary researchers and developers continue to break new ground in reducing disease spread and its impact.
The report ‘New Frontiers in Animal Care’ by Health for Animals outlines these innovations across several areas:
New Vaccines ; Alternatives to Antibiotics ; Digital Technologies ; Diagnostics ; Parasite Control ; Nutrition ; Safe Development
Download ‘New Frontiers in Animal Care’ to understand these innovations, their benefits to society and potential barriers to market.
522 Industry Innovation – NEW FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL CARE The Innovations Shaping the Future by Health For Animals
https://healthforanimals.org/downloads/library/new%20frontiers%20in%20animal%20care%20final.pdf;

Country: not applicable

503 – Overview of a bibliographic awareness service on scientific publications on alternatives to antibiotics in poultry production over a year (Research paper – Dedet – 2016)

/in , , , , /by

 

 

503 Research paper – DEDET V. – 2016 – Overview of a bibliographic awareness service

503 Research paper
Overview of a bibliographic awareness service on scientific publications on alternatives to antibiotics in poultry production over a year by DEDET V.
2016 Douzièmes Journées de la Recherche Avicole et Palmipèdes à Foie Gras, Tours, 05 et 06 avril 2017

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Overview of a bibliographic awareness service on scientific publications on alternatives to antibiotics in poultry production over a year (2016). 400 websites of scientific journals in relation with biology, animal production and/or veterinary medicine have been screened. It allowed to identify 134 publications over the observation period (1 year) and to distinguish 18 categories of products for which trial results have been published. The frequency of such publications is sustained with more than 2 articles per week, on average. There is a dominance of publications on probiotics and plant extracts. Published studies have 1 to 3 of the following aims: zootechnical effect, sanitary effect, targeting of coccidiosis/necrotic enteritis, or gut colonisation. In all these cases, 20-25% of the published trials report on a negative result (i.e. no statistical difference was observed) towards the selected markers.
Where to find the original material: https://www.itavi.asso.fr/content/bilan-dune-annee-de-veille-scientifique-sur-les-alternatives-aux-antibiotiques-en;
Country: EUR

501 No zinc and no antibiotics in pig management by Petr McKenzie (Industry Innovation)

/in , , , , , /by

 

 

501 Industry Innovation – No zinc and no antibiotics in pig management by Petr McKenzie

501 Industry Innovation
No zinc and no antibiotics in pig management by Petr McKenzie
In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health \ Feed additives and supplements
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
In this paper McKenzie shares his journey with the impact of E.coli on pig management – eventually without antibiotic and zinc oxide use. After years of veterinary practice, he came to the following regime that results in more good live pigs and heavier pigs at 4 weeks post weaning with minimal or zero injectable antibiotic and no need for zinc oxide: – Attention to detail- All-in-all-out and hygiene- Quality weaner diet consisting ofo Less than 18.5% protein;o European programme of coated butyric, formic and citric acid and Baccilus PB6 o Korean programme of Algal immune stimulant. The programme is usually cheaper than Zinc plus some antibiotics. Some farmers have been on the programme for over a year with success. Remove ZnO gently – if management is not as good as expected, and you have a very pathogenic E. coli, then E.coli may triumph over lack of ZnO.
501 Industry Innovation – No zinc and no antibiotics in pig management by Petr McKenzie
;Where to find the original material: NA
Country: AU (Australia)

499 – Farmer perceptions of dairy farm antibiotic use and transport pathways as determinants of contaminant loads to the environment (Research paper – Georgakakos – 2021)

/in , , , , /by

 

 

499 Research paper – Georgakakos – 2021 – Farmer perceptions of dairy farm antibiotic use and transport pathways as determinants of contaminant loads to the environment

499 Research paper
Farmer perceptions of dairy farm antibiotic use and transport pathways as determinants of contaminant loads to the environment by Georgakakos C.B., Hicks B.J., and M. Todd Walter 2021 Journal of Environmental Management 280: 11880
In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Farmer; Other
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Agricultural antibiotic contamination into milk and beef products has been considered extensively, but antibiotic transport into soil and water environments is less regulated and studied. Farmer perceptions of these transport processes are critical to understanding how antibiotics reach soils and surface waters and what management strategies can be implemented to reduce environmental antibiotic loads. We have conducted semi-structured interviews with twenty-seven dairy farmers in central New York to understand farmer perceptions of environmental transport of antibiotics and decisions that reduce environmental antibiotic loads. Interviews were qualitatively analyzed and coded using thematic analysis. We found that farmers extensively considered transport of antibiotics into milk and beef, while consideration of antibiotic transport into manure was less common, and no farmers discussed antibiotic transport from carcasses into soil from on-farm animal mortality. Farmers highlighted decisions that reduce antibiotic environmental loads through disease prevention actions, usage of non-antibiotic treatments, and culturing bacterial samples before antibiotic treatment. Farmers did not cite reduction of environmental antibiotic loads as a driver of their waste management decisions. Farmers perceived antibiotic usage was already minimized on farms in the region, suggesting future environmental antibiotic contamination mitigation strategies should focus on waste management pathways.
Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479720318053?via%3Dihub; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111880
Country: USA

488 – Do weaner pigs need in-feed antibiotics to ensure good health and welfare? (Research paper – Adewole – 2016)

/in , , , , /by

 

 

488 Research paper – Diana – 2017 – Do weaner pigs need in-feed antibiotics to ensure good health and welfare

488 Research paper
Do weaner pigs need in-feed antibiotics to ensure good health and welfare? by Diana, A., Manzanilla, E.G., J.A. Calderon Diaz, Leonard, F.C., and L.A. Boyle 2017 PLoS One 12: e0185622
In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Feed / gut health
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
Antibiotics (AB) are an effective tool to control and treat infectious diseases in intensive production systems where high densities of animals facilitate the spread of pathogens. However, there is an overreliance on their usage and farmers often see them as the only solution to disease challenges. Prophylactic use of AB in feed around weaning is common on Irish pig farms. This could contribute to create AB resistance which is a major global concern for human as well as animal health. This study has shown removing AB from the feed of weaner pigs had minimal effects on health and welfare indicators.
Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5628837/pdf/pone.0185622.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185622Anti
Country: IE

487 – Removing prophylactic antibiotics from pig feed – How does it affect their performance and health? (Research paper – Adewole – 2016)

/in , , , , , /by

 

 

487 Research paper – Diana – 2019 – Removing prophylactic antibiotics from pig feed_ how does it affect their performance and health

487 Research paper
Removing prophylactic antibiotics from pig feed: how does it affect their performance and health? by Diana, A., Boyle, L.B., Leonard, F.C., Carroll, C., Sheehan, E., Murphy, D., and E. G. Manzanilla 2019 BMC Veterinary Research 15: 08-Jan
In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Feed / gut health
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
The pig industry uses more medication (mg of active ingredient / population correction unit) than other livestock sectors, especially during the weaning period when pigs face several challenges and stressors including changes in diet, separation from the sow and re-mixing. These changes stress the animals and compromise their immune system, making them more susceptible to infectious agents. This study conclusion suggests that the removal of prophylactic in-feed antibiotics is possible with only minor reductions in productive performance and health which can be addressed by improved husbandry and use of parenteral antibiotics.
Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6390319/pdf/12917_2019_Article_1808.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-1808-x
Country: IE

484 – A randomized controlled trial to evaluate performance of pigs raised in antibiotic-free or conventional production systems following challenge with PRRSV (Research paper – Dee – 2018)

/in , , , , , /by

 

 

484 Research paper – Dee – 2018 – A randomized controlled trial to evaluate performance of pigs raised in antibiotic-free or conventional production systems following

484 Research paper
A randomized controlled trial to evaluate performance of pigs raised in antibiotic-free or conventional production systems following challenge with porcine reproductive and respiratory by Dee, S., Guzman, J.E., Hanson, D., Garbes, N., Morrison, R., Amodie, D., and L. G. Pantoja 2018 PLoS One 13: e0208430
In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Pathogen management
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
There is growing advocacy for antibiotic-free (ABF) livestock production to minimize the emergence of antibiotic-resistant food-borne pathogens and subsequent human exposure to these treatment-refractory organisms. This trend has been driven by the escalating presence of antibiotic resistance, including multi-drug resistance, among a variety of important bacterial pathogens that infect both animals and humans. In food-animal settings, resistant pathogens include methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multi-drug resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella, ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter spp, multi-drug resistant E. coli, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Under the conditions of this study, these results indicate that in a PRRSV-endemic setting involving bacterial co-infections, an ABF production strategy may leave pigs at considerable risk of exposure to severe clinical disease and that judicious use of antibiotics can significantly improve animal health.
Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6283559/pdf/pone.0208430.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208430
Country: US

483 – A retrospective study on the etiological diagnoses of diarrhea in neonatal piglets in Ontario Canada between 2001 and 2010 (Research paper – Chan – 2013)

/in , , , , /by

 

 

483 Research paper – Chan – 2013 – A retrospective study on the etiological diagnoses of diarrhea in neonatal piglets in Ontario Canada between 2001 and 2010

483 Research paper
A retrospective study on the etiological diagnoses of diarrhea in neonatal piglets in Ontario, Canada, between 2001 and 2010 by Chan, G., Farzan, A., DeLay, J., McEwen, B., Prescott, J.F., and R. M. Friendship 2013 Can J Vet Res Oct: 254–260
In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
Neonatal piglet diarrhea is a major cause of pre-weaning mortality, resulting in significant economic loss for swine producers. The relative importance of different diseases contributing to neonatal diarrhea in piglets appears to be changing, possibly because of changes in husbandry and management practices, advances in diagnostic techniques, and/or the emergence of new diseases.This study shows that E. coli, C. perfringens type A, rotavirus, and C. difficile are enteric pathogens of concern for Ontario swine farrowing operations and further research is required to understand the reasons for the cases that are not diagnosed.
Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3788656/pdf/cjvr_10_254.pdf;
Country: CA

481 – Review: Dietary fiber utilization and its effects on physiological functions and gut health of swine (Research report – Jha – 2015)

/in , , , , , /by

 

 

481 Research report – Jha – 2015 – Review_Dietary fiber utilization and its effects on physiological functions and gut health of swine

481 Research report
Review: Dietary fiber utilization and its effects on physiological functions and gut health of swine by Jha, R., and J.D. Berrocoso 2015 Animal Sep: 1441–1452
In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health \ Feed composition
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
This review provides relevant information on the utilization of dietary fiber (DF) by pigs and its effects on gut physiological functions, microbiota and health. This review delivers in-depth insight on both negative and positive effects of different fibers inclusion in swine diets. The DF lowers nutrient digestibility in swine. But, the fermentation of DF in the gut affects positively by modulating gut environment and potentially favoring ‘beneficial bacteria’, thereby improving gut health of pigs. These insights will help swine nutritionists and researchers in nutrition programing for better gut health of pigs by utilizing dietary fiber from different sources.
Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4574174/pdf/S1751731115000919a.pdf; https://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS1751731115000919
Country: US