25 Antimicrobial use policy change in preweaned dairy calves and its impact on antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli: a cross sectional and ecological study ( Research paper; Afema, 2019)

 

 

Significant Impact Group(s): AMU reduction strategies \ Legislation and incentives ; Prudent use AB

Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young;
Outcome Parameter(s): Declining trend in resistance to most antimicrobials during and after policy changes
Summary: Based on feedback and interaction between study investigators, farm management and consulting veterinarians, a new policy was implemented to reduce antimicrobial use in calves. We investigated the effects of these policy changes in antimicrobial use on resistance in commensal Escherichia coli. In general, there was a declining trend in resistance to most antimicrobials during and after policy changes were implemented, except for ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, ceftiofur and gentamicin.
25 Research paper – Afema – 2019 – Antimicrobial use policy change in preweaned dairy calves and its impact on antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli_ a cross sectional and ecological study by Afema, J.A., Davis, M.A. and W.M. Sischo 2019 BMC Microbiology 19: 217 (14p.)
Where to find the original material:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12866-019-1576-6; https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-019-1576-6
Country: US

25 Research paper – Afema – 2019 – Antimicrobial use policy change in preweaned dairy calves and its impact on antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli_ a cross sectional and ecological study

23 Use of antibiotics in broiler production: Global impacts and alternatives (Research paper by Mehdi et al. 2018)

Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary: Much research has been carried out to look for natural agents with similar beneficial effects of growth promoters. The aim of these alternatives is to maintain a low mortality rate, a good level of animal yield while reserving environment and consumer health. Among these, the most popular are probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes, organic acids, immunostimulants, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, phytogenic feed additives, phytoncides, nanoparticles and essential oils. This review focuses on effect of these natural alternatives to antibiotics.
23 Research paper – Mehdi – 2018 – Use of antibiotics in broiler production: Global impacts and alternatives
Where to find the original material:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654517302512; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2018.03.002
Country: CA

23 Research paper – Mehdi – 2018 – Use of antibiotics in broiler production_Global impacts and alternatives

18 Seges online course by Seges (Farm Innovation)

 

 

Significant Impact Group(s): Prudent use AB \ Agri-advisor ; Other

Species targeted: Pigs; Dairy;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary: Digital courses (in Danish) relevant to employees in Danish milk cattle farming and pig production. Pig course is available in Danish, English, Ukrainian and Romanian, and designed to support the farmer in the training of employee.
18 Farm Innovation – Seges online course by Seges
Where to find the original material: (in Danisch)
https://www.seges.dk/akademi/onlinekurser;
Country: DK

18 Farm Innovation – Seges online course by Seges

8 Antimicrobial usage in pig production check improve and reduce in Belgium and the EU (Research paper Postma 2016)

 

 

8 Research paper
Antimicrobial usage in pig production : check, improve and reduce in Belgium and the EU (A DISSERTATION) by Postma, M. 2016 Antimicrobial usage in pig production : check, improve and reduce in Belgium and the EU : 306p.
Significant Impact Group(s): Biosecurity ; Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): Reduced AMU; reduced costs on medicines; improved animal health and increased production
Summary: High antimicrobial usage (AMU) and the threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) highlighted the need for reduced AMU in pig production. Prevention of disease is necessary to obtain a reduced need for AM treatment. This study aimed at assessing possible associations between the biosecurity level, AMU and farm and production characteristics in order to advise on best practices for achieveing low AMU and maximum animal health and production. The research involved 227 farrow-to-finish pig herds in Belgium, France, Germany and Sweden in 2012/2013. 1) Establish a consensus defined daily dose animal (DDDA) for each active substance (AS) and administration route for porcine veterinary antimicrobial (AM) products authorized in four European countries, thus allowing cross-country quantification and comparison of antimicrobial usage (AMU) data. All veterinary AM products authorized for porcine use in Belgium, France, Germany and Sweden were listed for each administration route. First, separate DDDAs for each product were defined based on the recommended dosing for the main indication. Second, a consensus DDDA was established by taking the mean of the DDDAs for each product within a certain category of AS plus administration route. Large variations were observed for dosage and treatment duration recommendations between products and between countries for the same ASs. Only 6.8% of feed/water and 29.4% of parenteral AS groups had the same recommended dosage in the four countries. Four major recommendations have been formulated: (i) urgent need for harmonization of authorization and recommended summary of product characteristics (SPC) dosages; (ii) expand the developed preliminary DDDA list to include all authorized veterinary medicinal products in all EU member states and for all (food-producing) animal species; (iii) improved accessibility of country-specific SPC data would be preferable; and (iv) statement of the ‘long-acting’ duration of a product in the SP. 2) Nineteen alternatives to antimicrobial (AM) agents were ranked on perceived effectiveness, feasibility and return on investment (ROI) by 111 pig health experts from Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland. Analysis showed that veterinary practitioners rank internal biosecurity, vaccination, use of zinc/metals, feed quality optimization and climate/environmental on average highest, while researchers and professors focused more on increased use of diagnostics and action plans. Financial incentives/penalties ranked low in all countries. Belgian respondents ranked feed quality significantly lower compared to the German respondents while reduction of stocking density was ranked higher in Belgium compared to Denmark. Further analysis showed veterinary practitioners
had a preference for more practical, common and already known alternatives. The results showed that improvements in biosecurity, increased use of vaccination, use of zinc/metals, feed quality improvement and regular diagnostic testing combined with a clear action plan were perceived to be the most promising alternatives to AMs in industrial pig production based on combined effectiveness, feasibility and ROI. 3) This study aimed at assessing the levels of implementation of biosecurity measures in pig production in four European Union (EU) countries . A cross-sectional study was conducted in 232 farrow-to-finish pig herds in Belgium, France, Germany and Sweden between 2012-2013. The biosecurity status in each
of these herds was described and quantified by using the risk-based scoring tool Biocheck.UGent (www.biocheck.ugent.be). Production and management characteristics, obtained from the herd management system and by interviewing the farmer, were analysed for their association with the biosecurity level. The results showed that there was substantial room
for improvement in the biosecurity status on many pig farms. Significant differences (p<0.01) both in internal and external biosecurity levels were observed between countries. The external biosecurity status, combining all measures taken to prevent disease introduction into the herd, was highest in Germany and lowest in France. The number of pathogens vaccinated against was significantly associated with internal biosecurity status, suggesting an overall more preventive approach towards the risk of disease transmission. A
higher external biosecurity was associated with more weaned piglets per sow per year.

8 Research paper – Postma – 2016 – Antimicrobial usage in pig production_check, improve and reduce in Belgium and the EU

Where to find the original material:
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/7222359;
Country: BE

 

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Check improve and reduce. Prevention of disease is necessary to obtain a reduced need for AM treatment. This study aimed at assessing possible associations between the biosecurity level, AMU and farm and production characteristics in order to advise on best practices for achieveing low AMU and maximum animal health and production.

4 Lactobacillus plantarum S27 from chicken faeces as a potential probiotic to replace antibiotics in vivo evidence (Research paper; Benbara, 2020)

 

 

4 Research paper
Lactobacillus plantarum S27 from chicken faeces as a potential probiotic to replace antibiotics: in vivo evidence by Benbara, T., Lalouche, S., Drider, D., and F. Bendali
2020 Beneficial Microbes 11: 163-173
in Significant Impact Group(s): Specific alternatives \ Pre-/probiotics

Species targeted: Poultry;
Outcome Parameter(s): Improved production; lower disease susceptibility
Summary: A Lactobacillus plantarum strain was isolated from chicken faeces and assessed for its probiotic use. The administration of L. plantarum S27 to each chick daily by gavage, for 31 days, permitted to improve the animal food intake and weight. Supplementation of L. plantarum S27 resulted in increased live body weight since the 4th week, compared to chickens from group 1 (preventive antibiotic treatment with erythromycin) and group 2 (control group without treatment). Remarkably, weights of carcasses, heart and gizzard from the probiotic treated group 3 were significantly higher. In vitro and in vivo analyses indicated that L. plantarum S27 is a potential probiotic for chickens as alternative to antibiotics in animals feeding. This study underlines the richness of chicken digestive tract as source for probiotic strains. This study underlines the richness of the chicken digestive tract as a source for potential probiotic strains. However, it is important to assess these probiotic properties first by extensive in vitro analyses such as gastric acidity (pH 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5), tolerance to bile salts, adherence to broiler intestinal cells and antibacterial activity. Out of the strains isolated, only a few potentially interesting strains remain which fulfilled the probiotics criteria selection and expressed antibacterial activities against the enteric avian pathogens, such as E. coli and S. enterica, which are frequently encountered during poultry production. One selected Lactobacillus plantarum strain was subequently tested for susceptibility to antibiotics and adhesion to poultry intestinal cells to ascertain it probiotic attributes. Finally an in vivo experiment with chicks was set up with this selected Lactobacillus plantarum which proved its potential interesting probiotic properties such as reducing the amount of Enterobacteriaceae (as indicator bacteria of avian pathogens) in the intestine, and increased weight gain. Taken all together, the data from this study support an application of this strain as a future probiotic to be applied during food-animal production as replacement of in feed antibiotics.
4 Research paper – Benbara – 2020 – Lactobacillus plantarum S27 from chicken faeces as a potential probiotic to replace
antibiotics_in vivo evidence
Where to find the original material:
https://www.wageningenacademic.com/doi/abs/10.3920/BM2019.0116;
https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2019.0116
Country: DZ

 

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