123 Risk Assessment as a Tool for Improving External Biosecurity at Farm Level Sweden (Tools & Checklists)

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123 ToolsChecklists – Risk Assessment as a Tool for Improving External Biosecurity at Farm Level SWEDEN

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \External Biosecurity
Species targeted: Pigs; Dairy; Beef;
Summary: The study provide a tool for calculating the effects of different biosecurity measures and strategies on the individual farm level. A simple model was developed to assess the risk of disease introduction and the need for biosecurity measures in individual farms. To illustrate the general applicability of the tool, it was applied to theoretical examples of Swedish cattle and pig farms and diseases endemic in those animal species in the EU. The most important factors affecting the risk, and the effect of biosecurity measures were the frequency of between-farm contacts and prevalence of the disease. Model outputs could be used to justify prioritisation of measures or adapting contact patterns. The theoretic exercise of adjusting model inputs and comparing outputs may help veterinary advisors to understand farm-specific risks and motivate farmers to improve biosecurity in their individual farm, as it can be tailored to each farmer’s needs and preferences.
Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4515931/;
Country: Sweden;

122 A survey of visitors on Swedish livestock farms with reference to the spread of animal diseases (Research paper; Noremark, 2013)

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122 Research paper – Noremark – 2013 – A survey of visitors on Swedish livestock farms with reference to the spread of animal diseases

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \External biosecurity
Species targeted: Pigs; Dairy; Sheep;
Age: Different for different species;
Summary: Visitors may contribute to the spread of contagious animal diseases, and knowledge about such contacts is essential for contingency planning. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and types of visitors on farms with cloven-hoofed animals in Sweden and to analyse whether there were differences in the number of visitors attributable to region, season, and type of herd. Veterinarians, AI-technicians, animal transporters and neighbours were often in direct contact with the animals or entered the stables and 8.8% of the repairmen were also in direct contact with animals, which was unexpected. The Swedish livestock farms survey concluded that the number of visitors that may be more likely to spread diseases between farms was associated with animal species and herd size.
Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3848732/; https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-9-184
Country: Sweden

 

121 Antimicrobial Stewardship in Food Animals in Canada_ Progress on Recommendations and Stakeholder Activities by National Farmed Animal Health and Welfare Council (Industry Innovation)

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121 Industry Innovation – Antimicrobial Stewardship in Food Animals in Canada_ Progress on Recommendations and Stakeholder Activities by National Farmed Animal Health and Welfare Council

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Summary: This report details the collaborative and joined up approach to the challenge of AMR and the support needed for the continuous development of antimicrobial stewardship in food production in Canada. This 2019 update reflects on the Canadian One Health strategy based around the pillars of Surveillance, Infection prevention and control, Stewardship and Research & Innovation and evaluates what progress has been made against the recommendations. The Council has galvanised many parts of the industry to act within their sectors as well as respond to changing policy around the manufacture, import, purchase and licensing of certain drugs. The report goes into detail about how each recommendation has been acted upon and the developments within each region of Canada.
Where to find the original material:

https://www.amstewardship.ca/antimicrobial-stewardship-in-food-animals-in-canada-progress-on-recommendations-and-stakeholder-activities/
Country: CA

120 Milk & Dairy Beef Drug Residue Prevention Reference Manual USA by National Milk Producers Federation (Tools & Checklists)

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120 ToolsChecklists – Milk & Dairy Beef Drug Residue Prevention Reference Manual USA by National Milk Producers Federation

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Farmer
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:
This manual contains all you need to know about administering, recording and storing drugs on farms in the US. It includes an 8-step plan for keeping useful medicine records, comprehensive drug residue testing protocols and lists of licensed drugs (for in the USA) with withdrawal periods. Additionally, there are top tips that producers can take to lessen the chances of antibiotic residues as well as checklists for when treating animals e.g. read the product label and consult your veterinarian before administering, use a clean injection site and a sterile needle for all injections, discard milk from all four quarters even when treating only one quarter with an IM tube, make certain that any procedure used to divert milk from treated cows cannot accidentally send contaminated milk into the pipeline, train employees on proper injection technique and do not go back into the vaccine bottle with a needle once it has been used for anything else.

https://nationaldairyfarm.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/DRM2019-Web
Country: USA;

119 The 2017 National Dairy FARM Animal Care Reference Manual by National Milk Producers Federation (Tools & Checklists)

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119 ToolsChecklists – The 2017 National Dairy FARM Animal Care Reference Manual by National Milk Producers Federation

In Significant Impact Groups: Other
Species targeted: Dairy; Beef;
Summary:
The FARM Program, began in 2009, helps build and maintain consumer trust, demonstrating that dairy farmers share consumer values and are committed to quality animal care. The Animal Care Manual lays out best practice guidelines for farmers to follow in the voluntary scheme. External audits are completed on every participating farm every 3 years or more, which reviews their animal care practices. Continuous Improvement Plans are developed by the farmers and the auditors, which identify areas of improvement. The manual includes:
• Veterinarian-Client-Patient Relationship documentation signed by the farm managers and Veterinarian • Documentation on training of all employees with animal care responsibilities and written protocols for various aspects of animal care on the dairy.
• Guidelines on colostrum management and care of milk-fed calves. • Guidelines on water, feed, nutritional and space requirements • Guidelines for Herd Health Planning with targets for measuring and monitoring herd health. • Protocols for handling, movement, transportation of animals, dairy beef, injured and non-ambulatory animals.

https://nationaldairyfarm.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Version-3-Manual-1.pdf
Country: USA;

113 Position Statement – Veterinary Stewardship of the Responsible Use of Antimicrobial Drugs in Animals by CVO (Industry Innovation)

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113 Industry Innovation – Position Statement – Veterinary Stewardship of the Responsible Use of Antimicrobial Drugs in Animals by CVO

113 Industry Innovation
Position Statement – Veterinary Stewardship of the Responsible Use of Antimicrobial Drugs in Animals
by CVO
In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Different for different species
Summary: The authority to prescribe drugs is a privilege that is afforded to few professions. The increase in antimicrobial resistance has placed an even higher societal duty on the veterinary profession to act as stewards with respect to the prudent and responsible use of antimicrobial drugs. Every veterinarian has a valuable role to play in the effort to combat antimicrobial resistance and to preserve the effectiveness of antimicrobial drugs and their availability for both veterinary and human use. As part of good stewardship, the College Veterinarians in Ontario expects a veterinarian to assume an active leadership role by ensuring his or her understanding of the need for antimicrobial oversight, the existing government directives, the evolving science related to pharmaceuticals, and the most appropriate current use of antimicrobial drugs with a specific species. A veterinarian must only prescribe antimicrobial drugs within a veterinarian-client-patient relationship and where strong clinical evidence demonstrates medical need.

https://cvo.org/CVO/media/College-of-Veterinarians-of-Ontario/Resources%20and%20Publications/Position%20Statements%20and%20Guidelines/AMRPositionStatement.pdf;

Country: CA

104 Biosecurity-Based Interventions and Strategies To Reduce Campylobacter spp on Poultry farms (Research paper; Newell, 2006)

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104 Research paper -Newell-2006-Biosecurity – Based Interventions and Strategies To Reduce Campylobacter spp on Poultry farms

104 Research paper
Biosecurity-Based Interventions and Strategies To Reduce Campylobacter spp. on Poultry Farms
by Newell, D.G., Elvers, K.T., Dopfer, D., Hansson, I., Jones, P., James, S., Gittins, J., Stern, N.J., Davies, R., Connerton, I. and D. Pearson
2006 Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77: 8605–8614
In Significant Impact Groups:
Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary: The prevention and control of Campylobacter in poultry flocks are important public health strategies for the control of human campylobacteriosis. A critical review of the literature on interventions to control Campylobacter in poultry on farms was undertaken using a systematic approach. Multiple electronic databases were employed to search the literature, in any language, from 1980 to September 2008. Many of these studies gathered had poor design, sampling, and statistical analysis. The evidence for each potential source and route of transmission on the poultry farm was reviewed and the options for intervention were considered. The review concluded that biosecurity on conventional broiler farms can frequently be enhanced and this should contribute to the reduction of flock colonization. However, non-biosecurity-based approaches will also be required in the future to maximize the reduction of Campylobacter-positive flocks at the farm level.
Country: UK; SE; FR

501 No zinc and no antibiotics in pig management (Industry Innovation)

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Industry Innovation

No zinc and no antibiotics in pig management by Peter McKenzie

In Significant Impact Group(s): Feed / gut health; Feed additives and supplements

Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Outcome Parameter(s): more good live pigs; more heavier pigs 4 weeks post weaning

Summary: In this paper McKenzie shares his journey with the impact of E.coli on pig management – eventually without antibiotic and zinc oxide use.

After years of veterinary practice, he came to the following regime that results in more good live pigs and heavier pigs at 4 weeks post weaning with minimal or zero injectable antibiotic and no need for zinc oxide:

  • Attention to detail
  • All-in-all-out and hygiene
  • Quality weaner diet consisting of
    o Less than 18.5% protein;
    o European programme of coated butyric, formic and citric acid and Baccilus PB6
    o Korean programme of Algal immune stimulant.

The programme is usually cheaper than Zinc plus some antibiotics. Some farmers have been on the programme for over a year with success. Remove ZnO gently – if management is not as good as expected, and you have a very pathogenic E. coli, then E.coli may triumph over lack of ZnO.

Country: AU (Australia)

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86 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains in Swiss Pigs and Their Relation to Isolates from Farmers and Veterinarians (Research paper; Kittl, 2020)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Pathogen management
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Different for different species;
Outcome Parameter(s): MRSA prevalence in livestock at the slaughterhouse; MRSA prevalence in meat at retail outlets; Prevalence in veterinarians and farmers
Summary: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can lead to serious disease in humans, and since this bacteria is often found in livestock can have potentially large impact on public health. Farmers and veterinarians are especially at risk due to their close contact with animals. Our work demonstrates a dramatic increase in MRSA prevalence in Swiss pigs, from 2% in 2009 to 44% in 2017. Sequencing of the bacterial genes allowed us to show a close association between farmer and pig strains as well as veterinarian and horse strains, indicating that pigs and horses are a likely to be a source of human colonization. In this study it was also shown pig spa t011 strains are probably less likely to colonize humans than are pig spa t034 strains. This research may provide a basis for a more accurate risk assessment and preventive measures.
86 Research paper – Kittl – 2020 – Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains in Swiss Pigs and Their Relation to Isolates from Farmers and Veterinarians
Where to find the original material:
https://aem.asm.org/content/86/5/e01865-19.abstract; https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01865-19
Country: CH

86 Research paper – Kittl – 2020 – Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains in Swiss Pigs and Their Relation to Isolates from Farmers and Veterinarians

82 A participatory approach to design monitoring indicators of production diseases in organic dairy farms (Research paper; Duval, 2016)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Other
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young;Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): herd health indicators
Summary: The participatory approach used in these studies in France and Sweden led to the design of indicators that permit farmers to monitor simultaneously the major health and welfare indicators associated with production diseases in dairy cattle. The indicators were farm-specific, adapted to the farmer’s objectives, herd health situations and/or decision-making processes. Therefore, when designing decision support tools for farmers, scientists should not aim at ‘one-size fits all’ tools. The analysis of the discussions between farmers and advisors on the indicators revealed that scientists and farmers use herd health indicators differently. While scientists use indicators for between-herd comparisons, farmers are interested in within-herd comparisons. This participatory approach also created a dialogue between farmers and advisors, allowing advisors to understand animal health management as an integral part of the farm system and the farmer’s objectives. This understanding is crucial for advisors aiming to contribute to animal health planning activities of all farmers.
82 Research paper – Duval – 2016 – A participatory approach to design monitoring indicators of production diseases in organic dairy farms
Where to find the original material:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587716301064; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.04.001
Country: FR; SE

82 Research paper – Duval – 2016 – A participatory approach to design monitoring indicators of production diseases in organic dairy farms