Research Priorities Report: The Multi Actor Farm Health Team Approach

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This report focuses on the experiences of DISARM partners who set up and coached Multi-Actor Farm Health Teams (MAFHTs) across 9 countries. The Netherlands and Spain focused on pig farms, Belgium and Latvia on poultry farms, the UK, Romania and Denmark on dairy farms and France and Greece on dairy sheep.

The report outlines what worked well and the challenges experienced with regards to implementing the MAFHT approach, and how likely that these approaches could be embedded into mainstream advisory/regulatory systems. These insights highlighted vast differences in the approaches taken by different EU Member States.

Key areas for further research, funding and regulation include:

  • Country-specific analysis of how the MAFHT approach and coaching could be better integrated into regulatory requirements and/or advisory services for livestock farming.
  • Conducting cost-benefit analyses to establish strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, as well as tangible financial and animal health performance data resulting from participation in a MAFHT approach.
  • Further investment in, and development of, user-friendly data recording/monitoring systems for use at the farm-level to offer useful insights for farm businesses, benchmarking and health planning whilst also meeting regulatory requirements.
  • The development and provision of facilitation/coaching training to ensure sufficient workforce to support an increased demand for MAFHT approaches.
  • In addition, business models for how to make MAFHT approaches viable if driven by regulatory authorities, advisory services, or farm businesses are needed to establish the sustainability of the approach.

25 : Antimicrobial use policy change in pre-weaned dairy calves and its impact on antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli. A cross sectional and ecological study (Research paper – Afema, 2019)

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25 Research paper – Afema – 2019 – Antimicrobial use policy change in preweaned dairy calves and its impact on antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli_ a cross sectional and e

25 : Research paper
Antimicrobial use policy change in pre-weaned dairy calves and its impact on antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli: a cross sectional and ecological study. Afema, J.A., Davis, M.A. and W.M. Sischo. 2019. BMC Microbiology 19: 217 (14p.)

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Legislation and incentives; Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young;

Summary:
Based on feedback and interaction between study investigators, farm management and consulting veterinarians, a new policy was implemented to reduce antimicrobial use in calves. We investigated the effects of these policy changes in antimicrobial use on resistance in commensal Escherichia coli. In general, there was a declining trend in resistance to most antimicrobials during and after policy changes were implemented, except for ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, ceftiofur and gentamicin.

25 : Research paper – Afema – 2019 – Antimicrobial use policy change in pre-weaned dairy calves and its impact on antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli_ a cross sectional and ecological study

Where to find the original material: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12866-019-1576-6; https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-019-1576-6

Country: US

521 Sociology of antibiotic use in poultry farming (Research paper – Fortané, et al., 2019)

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521 Research paper – Fortané N., Ducrot C., Paul M. – 2019 – SOCIOLOGY OF ANTIBIOTIC USE IN POULTRY FARMING

521 Research paper
SOCIOLOGY OF ANTIBIOTIC USE IN POULTRY FARMING
by Fortané N., Ducrot C., Paul M.
2019 Treizièmes Journées de la Recherche Avicole et Palmipèdes à Foie Gras, Tours, 20 et 21 mars 2019

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Poultry;
Summary:
Social sciences highlight how individual but also organizational, institutional or even market factors, as well as different scales (farms, veterinary practices and territories, public policies and society), interact to promote the reduction of antibiotic use in livestock.
521 Research paper – Fortané N., Ducrot C., Paul M. – 2019 – SOCIOLOGY OF ANTIBIOTIC USE IN POULTRY FARMING
Country: FR

520 Reducing the use of antibiotics in the palmipeds sector What is the reality in terms of uses and what strategy? (Research report – Litt et al., 2016)

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520 Research report – LITT J., BONNAUD V., LE BOUQUIN S. , SOUILLARD R. , PAUL M., ROUSSET N. – 2016 – Reducing the use of antibiotics in the palmipeds sector What is the reality in terms o

520 Research report
Reducing the use of antibiotics in the palmipeds sector : What is the reality in terms of uses and what strategy?
by LITT J., BONNAUD V., LE BOUQUIN S. , SOUILLARD R. , PAUL M., ROUSSET N.
2016 TEMA January-February-March 2016: 27-35
In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young;
Summary:
Where to find the original material:
Country: FR
A survey on mule duck production as part of a project to prevent and reduce the use of antibiotics in poultry farming, especially during the young aging.
520 Research report – LITT J., BONNAUD V., LE BOUQUIN S. , SOUILLARD R. , PAUL M., ROUSSET N. – 2016 – Reducing the use of antibiotics in the palmipeds sector : What is the reality in terms of uses and what strategy?
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506 Ref²Avi by ITAVI (Farm Innovation)

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506 Farm Innovation – Ref²Avi by ITAVI

506 Farm Innovation
Ref²Avi by ITAVI
In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance ;Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Different for different species;
Summary:
The RefA²vi network is a French national network whose objective is to produce regular references on antibiotic exposure indicators calculated on the basis of a common method and measured for each poultry species, in particular turkeys and broilers. This approach is complementary to the ALEA published each year by Anses-ANMV. The methods used to calculate the RefA²vi indicators are based on the ALEA method and can be adapted for each species.
Where to find the original material: https://www.itavi.asso.fr/content/reseau-professionnel-de-references-sur-les-usages-dantibiotiques-en-elevage-avicole;
Country: FR

488 – Do weaner pigs need in-feed antibiotics to ensure good health and welfare? (Research paper – Adewole – 2016)

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488 Research paper – Diana – 2017 – Do weaner pigs need in-feed antibiotics to ensure good health and welfare

488 Research paper
Do weaner pigs need in-feed antibiotics to ensure good health and welfare? by Diana, A., Manzanilla, E.G., J.A. Calderon Diaz, Leonard, F.C., and L.A. Boyle 2017 PLoS One 12: e0185622
In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Feed / gut health
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
Antibiotics (AB) are an effective tool to control and treat infectious diseases in intensive production systems where high densities of animals facilitate the spread of pathogens. However, there is an overreliance on their usage and farmers often see them as the only solution to disease challenges. Prophylactic use of AB in feed around weaning is common on Irish pig farms. This could contribute to create AB resistance which is a major global concern for human as well as animal health. This study has shown removing AB from the feed of weaner pigs had minimal effects on health and welfare indicators.
Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5628837/pdf/pone.0185622.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185622Anti
Country: IE

487 – Removing prophylactic antibiotics from pig feed – How does it affect their performance and health? (Research paper – Adewole – 2016)

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487 Research paper – Diana – 2019 – Removing prophylactic antibiotics from pig feed_ how does it affect their performance and health

487 Research paper
Removing prophylactic antibiotics from pig feed: how does it affect their performance and health? by Diana, A., Boyle, L.B., Leonard, F.C., Carroll, C., Sheehan, E., Murphy, D., and E. G. Manzanilla 2019 BMC Veterinary Research 15: 08-Jan
In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Feed / gut health
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
The pig industry uses more medication (mg of active ingredient / population correction unit) than other livestock sectors, especially during the weaning period when pigs face several challenges and stressors including changes in diet, separation from the sow and re-mixing. These changes stress the animals and compromise their immune system, making them more susceptible to infectious agents. This study conclusion suggests that the removal of prophylactic in-feed antibiotics is possible with only minor reductions in productive performance and health which can be addressed by improved husbandry and use of parenteral antibiotics.
Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6390319/pdf/12917_2019_Article_1808.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-1808-x
Country: IE

484 – A randomized controlled trial to evaluate performance of pigs raised in antibiotic-free or conventional production systems following challenge with PRRSV (Research paper – Dee – 2018)

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484 Research paper – Dee – 2018 – A randomized controlled trial to evaluate performance of pigs raised in antibiotic-free or conventional production systems following

484 Research paper
A randomized controlled trial to evaluate performance of pigs raised in antibiotic-free or conventional production systems following challenge with porcine reproductive and respiratory by Dee, S., Guzman, J.E., Hanson, D., Garbes, N., Morrison, R., Amodie, D., and L. G. Pantoja 2018 PLoS One 13: e0208430
In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Pathogen management
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
There is growing advocacy for antibiotic-free (ABF) livestock production to minimize the emergence of antibiotic-resistant food-borne pathogens and subsequent human exposure to these treatment-refractory organisms. This trend has been driven by the escalating presence of antibiotic resistance, including multi-drug resistance, among a variety of important bacterial pathogens that infect both animals and humans. In food-animal settings, resistant pathogens include methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multi-drug resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella, ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter spp, multi-drug resistant E. coli, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Under the conditions of this study, these results indicate that in a PRRSV-endemic setting involving bacterial co-infections, an ABF production strategy may leave pigs at considerable risk of exposure to severe clinical disease and that judicious use of antibiotics can significantly improve animal health.
Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6283559/pdf/pone.0208430.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208430
Country: US

479 – Essential Oils as Feed Additives – Future Perspectives (Research paper – Stevanović – 2018)

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479 Research paper – Stevanović – 2018 – Essential Oils as Feed Additives—Future Perspectives

479 Research paper
Essential Oils as Feed Additives—Future Perspectives by Stevanović, Z.D., Bošnjak-Neumüller, J., Pajić-Lijaković, I., Raj, J., and M. Vasiljević 2018 Molecules Jul: 1717p
In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Phytogenic feed additives (PFA), also known as phytobiotics or botanicals, are commonly defined as various plant secondary compounds (PSC) and metabolites with beneficial effects on animal health and production, including feed and animal products. Botanicals in animal production have different applications, including sensory phytogenic additives, technological additives for improvement of feed quality and safety, as well as additives promoting animal health and welfare, acting as immunomodulators, antioxidants, digestive stimulants, and substances that can increase the performance and quality of animal products. This study is focused on available microencapsulation techniques of EOs to increase the bioavailability of active compounds, as well as their application in the animal feed additive industry.
Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6100314/pdf/molecules-23-01717.pdf; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fmolecules23071717
Country: RS

448 – Pharming animals_ a global history of antibiotics in food production 1935–2017 (Research paper – Kirchhelle – 2018)

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448 Research paper – Kirchhelle – 2018 – Pharming animals_ a global history of antibiotics in food production 1935–2017

448 Research paper
Pharming animals: a global history of antibiotics in food production (1935–2017) by Kirchhelle, C. 2018 Palgrave Communications 4: 13-Jan
In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Other;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
From the mid-1950s onwards, agricultural antibiotic use also triggered increasing conflicts about drug residues and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Significantly, antibiotic concerns did not develop evenly but instead gave rise to an international patchwork of different regulatory approaches. During a time of growing concerns about AMR and a post-antibiotic age, this article reconstructs the origins, global proliferation, and international regulation of agricultural antibiotics. It argues that policymakers need to remember the long history of regulatory failures that has resulted in current antibiotic infrastructures. For effective international stewardship to develop, it is necessary to address the economic dependencies, deep-rooted notions of development, and fragmented cultural understandings of risk, which all contribute to drive global antibiotic consumption and AMR.
448 Research paper – Kirchhelle – 2018 – Pharming animals_ a global history of antibiotics in food production 1935–2017
Where to find the original material: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-018-0152-2; 10.1057/s41599-018-0152-2
Country: Global