482 – Prevalence of Enteropathogens in Suckling and Weaned Piglets with Diarrhoea in Southern Germany (Research paper – Wieler – 2001)

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482 Research paper – Wieler – 2001 – Prevalence of Enteropathogens in Suckling and Weaned Piglets with Diarrhoea in Southern Ge

482 Research paper
Prevalence of Enteropathogens in Suckling and Weaned Piglets with Diarrhoea in Southern Germany by Wieler, L.H., Ilieff, A., Herbst, W., Bauer, C., Vieler, E., Bauerfeind, Failing, K., Klös, H., Wengert, D., Baljer, G., and H. Zahner 2001 J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health Mar: 151–159
In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
Diarrhoea caused by infectious agents is responsible for large economic losses in pig production farms, especially in suckling and weaned piglets. Coronavirus and rotavirus, as well as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), are described as the most frequent viral and bacterial enteropathogens, respectively. Of the metazoic parasites of piglets, Isospora suis and Cryptosporidium parvum are considered the most prevalent. This study underlines the fact that despite the hygienic, technical and immune preventive efforts during the last years, enteropathogens are still common in German piglet production units.
Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7165639/pdf/ZPH-48-151.pdf; https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1439-0450.2001.00431.x
Country: DE

445 – Sewage sludge and liquid pig manure as possible sources of antibiotic resistant bacteria (Research paper – Hölzel – 2010)

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445 Research paper – Hölzel – 2010 – Sewage sludge and liquid pig manure as possible sources of antibiotic resistant bacteria

445 Research paper
Sewage sludge and liquid pig manure as possible sources of antibiotic resistant bacteria
by Hölzel, C. S., Schwaiger, K., Harms, K., Küchenhoff, H., Kunz, A., Meyer, K., … Bauer, J. (2010). 2010 Environmental Research 110: 318-326
In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
In this study, liquid pig manure (n=305) and sewage sludge (n=111) – used as agricultural fertilizers between 2002 and 2005 – were investigated for the presence of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. Bacteria were tested for their resistance against 40 chemotherapeutics including several “reserve drugs”. E. coli (n=613) from pig manure were at a significantly higher degree resistant to streptomycin, doxycycline, spectinomycin, cotrimoxazole, and chloramphenicol than E. coli (n=116) from sewage sludge. Enterococci (Ent. faecalis, n=387, and Ent. faecium, n=183) from pig manure were significantly more often resistant to high levels of doxycycline, rifampicin, erythromycin, and streptomycin than Ent. faecalis (n=44) and Ent. faecium (n=125) from sewage sludge. Significant differences in enterococcal resistance were also seen for tylosin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin high level, fosfomycin, clindamicin, enrofloxacin, moxifloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and quinupristin/dalfopristin. High rates of (multi-) resistant bacteria in pig manure emphasize the need for a prudent – cautious – use of antibiotics in farm animals.
445 Research paper – Hölzel – 2010 – Sewage sludge and liquid pig manure as possible sources of antibiotic resistant bacteria
Where to find the original material: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20303077/; 10.1016/j.envres.2010.02.009
Country: DE

 

438 – Detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes in wastewater surface water and drinking water biofilms (Research paper – Schwartz – 2003)

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438 Research paper – Schwartz – 2003 – Detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes in wastewater surface water and drinking water biofilms

438 Research paper
Detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes in wastewater, surface water, and drinking water biofilms by Schwartz, T., Kohnen, W., Jansen, B., & Obst, U. 2003 FEMS Microbiology Ecology 43: 325-335
In Significant Impact Groups: Other
Species targeted: Other;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
In addition to wastewater, biofilms were also investigated in drinking water from river bank filtrate to estimate the occurrence of resistant bacteria and their resistance genes, thus indicating possible transfer from wastewater and surface water to the drinking water distribution network. The vanA gene was found not only in wastewater biofilms but also in drinking water biofilms in the absence of enterococci, indicating possible gene transfer to autochthonous drinking water bacteria.
438 Research paper – Schwartz – 2003 – Detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes in wastewater surface water and drinking water biofilms
Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0168649602004440; 10.1016/S0168-6496(02)00444-0
Country: DE

384 Cum îmbunătățesc fermierii îngrășarea porcilor cu ajutorul secarei by KWS (Farm Innovation)

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384 Farm Innovation – Cum îmbunătățesc fermierii îngrășarea porcilor cu ajutorul secarei by KWS

In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health \ Feed composition
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
Successful fattening of pigs and animal welfare – Andreas von Felde believes that these objectives are not excluded. This farmer from northern Germany grows rye and uses it as feed. He says he needs less fertilizer.
“Rye has a large amount of carbohydrates that are not digested in the small intestine. In short, they feed microorganisms in the small intestine and microflora. ” This produces butyric acid, which has a positive influence on the behavior of animals when they are fattened. Butyric acid is also very effective in killing bacteria such as salmonella.

Where to find the original material: https://www.kws.com/ro/ro/companie/presa/lumea-agricola/secara-in-hrana-porcilor/;
Country: DE

383- Natural alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in pig production (Research paper – Gallois – 2009)

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383 Research paper – Gallois – 2009 – Natural alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in pig production

In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health \ Feed additives and supplements
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Adult; Young;
Summary:
The development of both innate and adaptive immunity at the mucosal surface is critical in preventing the potential harmful effects of intestinal pathogenic agents. Strategies aiming at stimulating natural host defences through the use of substances able to modulate immune functions have gained increasing interest in animal research, and different bioactive components a priori sharing those properties have been the subject of in vivo nutritional investigations in pig. Among these, yeast derivates (b-glucans and mannans) are able to interact with immune cells, particularly phagocytic cells. This review also highlights the limitations of some of the published in vivo studies on the immunomodulatory activity of certain feed additives. Among those, the lack of standardisation of extracts and the heterogeneity of piglet-rearing conditions (e.g. exposure to pathogens) are likely the most limiting.

Where to find the original material: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221972346_Natural_alternatives_to_in-feed_antibiotics_in_pig_production_Can_immunomodulators_play_a_role; 10.1017/S1751731109004236

Country: France; Germany

373 International instruments on the use of antimicrobials across the human animal and plant sectors by WHO FAO OIE (Tools & Checklists)

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373 ToolsChecklists – International instruments on the use of antimicrobials across the human animal and plant sectors by WHO FAO OIE

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Summary:
Instruments that contain standards for governments or other actors are included. These include international guidelines that have been adopted by public entities through formal processes if they provide standards (understood as clear instructions/ guidance on the use of antimicrobials).
The compilation excludes resolutions, declarations, (action) plans or other documents that only state intentions or objectives and that do not contain implementable standards. International standards adopted by private entities and business associations are also excluded.

Where to find the original material: https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1314292/retrieve;
Country: Germany;

358 – Perceptions and attitudes regarding antibiotic resistance in Germany – A cross-sectoral survey amongst physicians veterinarians farmers and the general (Research paper – Schneider – 2018)

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358 Research paper – Schneider – 2018 – Perceptions and attitudes regarding antibiotic resistance in Germany_a cross-sectoral survey amongst physicians veterinarians farmers and the general

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Farmer
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Perceptions and attitudes towards antibiotic resistance among general practitioners, hospital physicians, veterinarians, pig farmers and the general public were compared. Farmers were predominantly satisfied with existing solutions. Farmers had three times better basic knowledge of antibiotic resistance and knew twice as many people with multiple drug resistance organism problems than the general public. They also received information on antibiotic resistance more often from their veterinarians than patients did from their doctors. This study reveals considerable differences in perceptions and attitudes to antibiotic resistance among the groups investigated. Results promote mutual understanding and thus support the One Health approach.

Where to find the original material: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29590400/; https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dky100
Country: DE

336- Quantitative and qualitative analysis of antimicrobial usage patterns in 180 selected farrow-to-finish pig farms from nine European countries (Research paper – Sarrazin – 2018)

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336 Research paper – Sarrazin – 2018 – Quantitative and qualitative analysis of antimicrobial usage patterns in 180 selected farrow-to-finish pig farms from nine European countries

In Significant Impact Groups: Other
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
Objectives: Farm-level quantification of antimicrobial usage (AMU) in pig farms.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study, AMU data on group treatments administered to a single batch of fattening pigs from birth to slaughter (group treatment data) and antimicrobials purchased during 1 year (purchase data) were collected at 180 pig farms in nine European countries. AMU was quantified using treatment incidence (TI) based on defined (DDDvet) and used (UDDvet) daily doses and defined (DCDvet) and used (UCDvet) course doses.
Results: The majority of antimicrobial group treatments were administered to weaners (69.5% of total TIDDDvet) followed by sucklers (22.5% of total TIDDDvet). AMU varied considerably between farms with a median TIDDDvet of 9.2 and 7.1 for a standardized rearing period of 200 days based on group treatment and purchase data, respectively. In general, UDDvet and UCDvet were higher than DDDvet and DCDvet, respectively, suggesting that either the defined doses were set too low or that group treatments were often dosed too high and/or administered for too long. Extended-spectrum penicillins (31.2%) and polymyxins (24.7%) were the active substances most often used in group treatments, with the majority administered through feed or water (82%). Higher AMU at a young age was associated with higher use in older pigs.
Conclusions: Collecting farm-level AMU data of good quality is challenging and results differ based on how data are collected (group treatment data versus purchase data) and reported (defined versus used daily and course doses).

Where to find the original material: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30544242/; https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dky503
Country: BE, BG, DK, FR, DE, IT, PL, ES, NL

331- Social influences on the duration of antibiotic treatment of clinical mastitis in dairy cows (Research paper – Swinkels – 2015)

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331 Research paper – Swinkels – 2015 – Social influences on the duration of antibiotic treatment of clinical mastitis in dairy cows

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
The aim of this study was to explore the social factors influencing farmers’ decision-making on the duration of antibiotic treatment of clinical mastitis. Extended treatment is perceived as part of the social norm of “being a good farmer.” The participants’ perception was that mastitis is not treated “thoroughly” if clinical symptoms were still visible at the time of cessation of treatment. Groups with whom the farmer identifies and regularly communicates face to face, such as other farmers, the herd veterinarian, and other farm advisors, confirm the farmer’s judgment on extending treatment and influences him or her toward socially accepted behavior. Legislation may reduce antibiotic usage, if doable and controllable. Evidence-based information on treatment efficacy or practical on-farm decision support indicating when to end treatment may be able to change social norms of “thorough” treatment, especially when communicated by a group such as veterinarians.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030215000879; http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8488
Country: NL; DE

326 – Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 2 (Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018)

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326 Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018 – Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 2

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Vaccination; Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
This article highlights new approaches and potential solutions for the development of vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics in food producing animals. Many current vaccines fall short of ideal vaccines in one or more respects. Promising breakthroughs to overcome these limitations include new biotechnology techniques, new oral vaccine approaches, novel adjuvants, new delivery strategies based on bacterial spores, and live recombinant vectors; they also include new vaccination strategies in-ovo, and strategies that simultaneously protect against multiple pathogens. However, translating this research into commercial vaccines that effectively reduce the need for antibiotics will require close collaboration among stakeholders, for instance through public–private partnerships. Targeted research and development investments and concerted efforts by all affected are needed to realize the potential of vaccines to improve animal health, safeguard agricultural productivity, and reduce antibiotic consumption and resulting resistance risks.

Where to find the original material: https://veterinaryresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13567-018-0561-7?optIn=true; https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0561-7
Country: USA; UK; FR; BE; DE