122 A survey of visitors on Swedish livestock farms with reference to the spread of animal diseases (Research paper; Noremark, 2013)

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122 Research paper – Noremark – 2013 – A survey of visitors on Swedish livestock farms with reference to the spread of animal diseases

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \External biosecurity
Species targeted: Pigs; Dairy; Sheep;
Age: Different for different species;
Summary: Visitors may contribute to the spread of contagious animal diseases, and knowledge about such contacts is essential for contingency planning. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and types of visitors on farms with cloven-hoofed animals in Sweden and to analyse whether there were differences in the number of visitors attributable to region, season, and type of herd. Veterinarians, AI-technicians, animal transporters and neighbours were often in direct contact with the animals or entered the stables and 8.8% of the repairmen were also in direct contact with animals, which was unexpected. The Swedish livestock farms survey concluded that the number of visitors that may be more likely to spread diseases between farms was associated with animal species and herd size.
Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3848732/; https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-9-184
Country: Sweden

 

112 Effect of Antimicrobial Consumption and Production Type on Antibacterial Resistance in the Bovine Respiratory and Digestive Tract (Research paper; Catry, 2016)

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112 Research paper – Catry – 2016 – Effect of Antimicrobial Consumption and Production Type on Antibacterial Resistance in the Bovine Respiratory and Digestive Tract

112 Research paper
Effect of Antimicrobial Consumption and Production Type on Antibacterial Resistance in the Bovine Respiratory and Digestive Tract
by Catry, B., Dewulf, J., Maes, D., Pardon, B., Callens, B., Vanrobaeys, M., Opsomer, G., de Kruif, A. and F. Haesebrouck. 2016 PLOS ONE 11: e0146488 (16p.)
In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Dairy; Beef;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary: The relationship between antimicrobial use and the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in cattle was investigated in this study. Three types of production system were investigated for 2 years, for a total of 25 herds: 10 dairy, 10 beef, and 5 veal herds. Two different types of bacteria were sampled for the monitoring of intestinal and nasal resistance. The use of antimicrobials was recorded on 15 of these farms (5 of each production type). Antimicrobial resistance rates for 12 antimicrobial agents demonstrated large differences between intensively reared veal calves and more extensively reared dairy and beef cattle. Data analysis showed a strong relation between intensity of antimicrobial use and increased resistance. Antimicrobials given in orally in low doses and antimicrobials used preventively as group medication promoted the rise of multi-drug resistance in bacteria from the digestive and respiratory system.

Country: BE

111 Prophylactic and metaphylactic antimicrobial use in Belgian fattening pig herds (Research paper; Callens, 2012)

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111 Research paper – Callens – 2012 – Prophylactic and metaphylactic antimicrobial use in Belgian fattening pig herds

111 Research paper
Prophylactic and metaphylactic antimicrobial use in Belgian fattening pig herds
by Callens, B., Persoons, D., Maes, D., Laanen, M., Postma, M., Boyen, F., Haesebrouck, F., Butaye, P., Catry, B. and J. Dewulf. 2012 Preventive Veterinary Medicine 106: 53-62
In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary: The guidelines for prudent use of antimicrobials are not yet implemented in Belgium. Between January and October 2010 data antimicrobial use was collected retrospectively on 50 closed pig herds. An overall higher use of prophylactic antimicrobial group level therapy was recorded in 2010 compared to 2003. This shift was marked by a partial yet substantial replacement of older, orally administered compounds by new injectable long acting products. The most frequently used antimicrobials orally applied to groups of pigs were colistin (30.7%), amoxicillin (30.0%), trimethoprim-sulfonamides (13.1%), doxycycline (9.9%) and tylosin (8.1%). The most frequently applied injectable antimicrobials were tulathromycin (45.0%), long acting ceftiofur (40.1%) and long acting amoxicillin (8.4%). Injectable products were generally overdosed (79.5%), whereas oral treatments were often under dosed (47.3%). In conclusion, this study shows that preventive group treatment was applied in 98% of the visited herds and often includes the use of critically important and broad-spectrum antimicrobials.

Country: BE

110 Presence of Antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in sows are risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in their offspring (Research paper; Callens, 2015)

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110 Research paper – Callens – 2015 – Presence of Antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in sows are risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in their offspring

110 Research paper
Presence of Antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in sows are risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in their offspring
by Callens, B., Faes, C., Maes, D., Catry, B., Boyen, F., Francoys, D., de Jong, E., Haesebrouck, F. and J. Dewulf. 2015 Microbial Drug Resistance 21: 50-58
In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary: This study investigated the association between presence of resistant E. coli bacteria (apparently healthy) sows had an effect on increased resistance in E. coli bacteria in piglets. Sixty sows from three herds and three of their piglets were sampled at several time points. Antimicrobial usage data during parturition and farrowing were collected. Results show that antimicrobial resistance in piglets was influenced by antimicrobial use in sows and piglets and by the sow resistance level. In conclusion, the current results suggest that sows act as a reservoir for their newborns and that the administration of antimicrobial agents to sows during lactation is a risk factor for the persistence of resistant E. coli not solely for the sows, both also for their newborn. Also, the administration of antimicrobials in the piglets also leads to increase of resistant bacteria in the piglets during lactation.
110 Research paper – Callens – 2015 – Presence of Antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in sows are risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in their offspring
Country: BE

109 A Bayesian micro-simulation to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of interventions for mastitis control during the dry period in UK dairy herds (Research paper; Down, 2016)

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109 Research paper – Down – 2016 – A Bayesian micro-simulation to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of interventions for mastitis control during the dry period in UK dairy herds

109 Research paper
A Bayesian micro-simulation to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of interventions for mastitis control during the dry period in UK dairy herds
by Down, P.M., Bradley, A.J., Breen, J.E., Browne, W.J., Kypraios, T. and M.J. Green
2016 Preventive Veterinary Medicine 133: 64-72
In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ Other Pathogen management
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary: It is still unknown which type of interventions will reduce the risk of getting mastitis in the dry period, particularly with regard to cost-effectiveness. This study has gathered data from 77 UK dairy farms that participated in a British mastitis control programme during 2009–2012, with most intramammary infections being acquired during the dry period. The data contained clinical mastitis (CM) and somatic cell count (SCC) records, herd management practices and details of interventions that were implemented by the farmer as part of the control plan. Interventions identified as being cost-effective in most circumstances included selecting dry-cow therapy at the cow level, dry-cow rations formulated by a qualified nutritionist, use of individual calving pens, first milking cows within 24 h of calving and spreading bedding evenly in dry-cow yards. These results can be used to optimize decision making in mastitis control.
Country: UK

108 Guidance on the Selection of Appropriate Indicators for Quantification of Antimicrobial Usage in Humans and Animals (Research paper; Collineau, 2016)

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108 Research paper – Collineau – 2016 – Guidance on the Selection of Appropriate Indicators for Quantification of Antimicrobial Usage in Humans and Animals

108 Research paper
Guidance on the Selection of Appropriate Indicators for Quantification of Antimicrobial Usage in Humans and Animals by Collineau, L., Belloc, C., Stärk, K.D., Hémonic, A., Postma, M., Dewulf, J. and C. Chauvin. 2016 Zoonoses and public health 64: 165-184
In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef;
Summary: To quantify antimicrobial usage various types of measures are available. These are here referred to as indicators of antimicrobial use. These range from sales, deliveries or reimbursement data in human and veterinary medicine. Still, results can differ substantially depending on the method used. The best way to select the appropriate indicators of antimicrobial usage, is important to first determine the objective of the study. If the goal is compare groups (or populations), it is preferable to use standard parameters. However, to measure exposure it is better to use actual (non-standardized) parameters. There are several issues associated with the choice of indicators for antimicrobial use. These are further discussed in this article.

Where to find the original material: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/zph.12298; https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12298

Country: FR

107 Impact of slurry and manure management on the degradation of antibiotics (Research paper; Levasseur, 2015)

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107 Research paper – Levasseur- 2015 – Impact of slurry and manure management on the degradation of antibiotics

107 Research paper
Impact of slurry and manure management on the degradation of antibiotics
by Levasseur, P. and A. Hémonic. 2015 Cahiers de l’IFIP 2: 27-48
In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Young; Adult; Different for different species;
Summary: Research shows that the antibiotics most often found in livestock manure are tetracyclines, sulphonamides, macrolides, quinolones and fluoroquinolones. These will later on end up and which end up in the environment. This paper reviews the ways in which antibiotics can be removed during the main possibilities of slurry management: from administration to the animal to the soil after spreading. Animals discharge 30–90% of administered antibiotics unchanged or as active metabolites. During storage, most antibiotics form complexes with soluble organic matter and remain fairly stable. After spreading, soil can have some protective effect. Treatment processes can remove antibiotics, especially composting. Wastewater treatment by activated sludge and anaerobic digestion can also reduce antibiotic contamination. In order to estimate the real risk of resistance, is is still necessary to link these results with the occurrence of resistant bacteria and genes in various compartments (livestock manure, water and soil).
Country: FR

106 Reliable estimation of antimicrobial use and its evolution between 2010 and 2013 in French swine farms (Research paper; Hemonic, 2018)

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106 Research paper – Hemonic – 2018 – Reliable estimation of antimicrobial use and its evolution between 2010 and 2013 in French swine farms

106 Research paper
Reliable estimation of antimicrobial use and its evolution between 2010 and 2013 in French swine farms
by Hémonic, A., Chauvin, C., Delzescaux, D., Verliat, F. and I. Corrégé
2018 Porcine Health Management 4: 11p.
In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary: The French swine industry and the national authorities have been very focused om reducing the use of antimicrobials in swine production since 2010. A retrospective study on a representative sample of at least 150 farms has provided detailed information on the 2010 and 2013 antimicrobial use in the French swine farms. The results shows a strong and significant decrease in antimicrobial use in pigs between 2010 and 2013, which comply with the national target of 25% reduction by 2017. These results reflect that swine production professionals are very aware to the antimicrobial reduction objectives, and are the result of pre-2012 voluntary measures, such as the limitation on the use of 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins.
Country: FR

104 Biosecurity-Based Interventions and Strategies To Reduce Campylobacter spp on Poultry farms (Research paper; Newell, 2006)

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104 Research paper -Newell-2006-Biosecurity – Based Interventions and Strategies To Reduce Campylobacter spp on Poultry farms

104 Research paper
Biosecurity-Based Interventions and Strategies To Reduce Campylobacter spp. on Poultry Farms
by Newell, D.G., Elvers, K.T., Dopfer, D., Hansson, I., Jones, P., James, S., Gittins, J., Stern, N.J., Davies, R., Connerton, I. and D. Pearson
2006 Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77: 8605–8614
In Significant Impact Groups:
Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary: The prevention and control of Campylobacter in poultry flocks are important public health strategies for the control of human campylobacteriosis. A critical review of the literature on interventions to control Campylobacter in poultry on farms was undertaken using a systematic approach. Multiple electronic databases were employed to search the literature, in any language, from 1980 to September 2008. Many of these studies gathered had poor design, sampling, and statistical analysis. The evidence for each potential source and route of transmission on the poultry farm was reviewed and the options for intervention were considered. The review concluded that biosecurity on conventional broiler farms can frequently be enhanced and this should contribute to the reduction of flock colonization. However, non-biosecurity-based approaches will also be required in the future to maximize the reduction of Campylobacter-positive flocks at the farm level.
Country: UK; SE; FR

103 Surveillance of cattle health in the Netherlands – Monitoring trends and developments using routinely-collected cattle census data (Research paper; Santman-Berends et al., 2016)

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103 Research paper – Santman-Berends – 2016 – Surveillance of cattle health in the Netherlands – Monitoring trends and developments using routinely collected cattle census data

103 Research paper
Surveillance of cattle health in the Netherlands: Monitoring trends and developments using routinely collected cattle census data
by Santman-Berends, I.M.G.A., Brouwer-Middelesch, H., Van Wuijckhuise, L., de Bont-Smolenaars, A.J.G. and G. Van Schaik
2016 Preventive Veterinary Medicine 134: 103-112
In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young;Adult;
Summary: A national cattle health surveillance system (CHSS) has been in place in the Netherlands since 2002. This system consists of several surveillance components: enhanced passive reporting, diagnostic test results and post-mortem exams, random surveys for prevalence estimation of endemic diseases and quarterly data analysis. This data-analysis component [Trend Analysis Surveillance Component(TASC)] aims to monitor trends and developments in cattle health using routine census data. The key monitoring indicators that are analysed as part of TASC all relate to cattle health and involve parameters such as mortality, fertility, udder health and antimicrobial usage. The challenges and lessons learned from developing this tool are discussed in this article. The TASC also allows to visualize trends in time, can be used to support or highlight signals that are detected in one of the other surveillance components and can provide warnings or initiate changes in policy when unfavorable trends in cattle health occur.
Where to find the original material:
Country: NL