76 The effect of a national mastitis control program on the attitudes, knowledge, and behavior of farmers in the Netherlands (Research paper; Jansen, 2010)

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Significant Impact Group(s): AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance \ Antibiotic use ; Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): Average annual bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC); Udder health
Summary: This study aimed to explore the effect of a national mastitis control program on Dutch farmers’ attitudes, knowledge, and behavior regarding mastitis.
Dairy farmers completed a survey on attitudes, knowledge, and behavior regarding mastitis before the start of a national mastitis control program in 2004, and 204 completed a similar survey in the final year of the program (2009). Although the average annual bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) remained the same, the farmers’ self-reported attitudes, knowledge, and behavior changed significantly. The results show that a national mastitis control program can be successful in changing attitudes, knowledge, and behavior regarding mastitis. Results suggest an association between a change in BMSCC on individual farms and a change in attitudes, knowledge, and behavior. Although more research is needed to identify the long-term effect of these changes, this study can contribute to an increased understanding of the effects of animal health programs.
76 Research paper – Jansen – 2010 – The effect of a national mastitis control program on the attitudes knowledge and behavior of farmers in the Netherlands
Where to find the original material:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030210006235; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3318
Country: NL

76 Research paper – Jansen – 2010 – The effect of a national mastitis control program on the attitudes knowledge and behavior of farmers in the Netherlands

72 Influence of applying different units of measurement on reporting antimicrobial consumption data for pig farms (Research paper; Taverne, 2015)

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Significant Impact Group(s): AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance \ Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): Antimicrobial consumption
Summary: International comparison is necessary to establish regulations on veterinary antimicrobial use and reducing antimicrobial resistance. Our study revealed interesting differences in outcomes on antimicrobial consumption in pigs following the use of different animal defined daily dosages. Differences in outcomes in an animal species can be attributed to the applied animal defined daily dosage due to differences in authorized indications and dosages, but can also be a result of differences in prescription patterns between farm types at the level of therapeutic groups or even specific antimicrobials within those groups, next to the differences in animal (sub) categories and standardized animal weights. This study underlines the urgent need for international harmonized units of measurement applicable in monitoring systems for antimicrobial use in livestock, such as generic animal defined daily dosages. But also harmonized animal (sub) categories and standardized animal weights for all animal species included in monitoring programs should be established.
72 Research paper – Taverne – 2015 – Influence of applying different units of measurement on reporting antimicrobial consumption data for pig farms
Where to find the original material:
https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12917-015-0566-7; https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0566-7
Country: NL

72 Research paper – Taverne – 2015 – Influence of applying different units of measurement on reporting antimicrobial consumption data for pig farms

67 Prevalence of extended-spectrum and AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Dutch dairy herds (Research paper; Heuvelink, 2019)

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Significant Impact Group(s): AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young; Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): prevalence of extended-spectrum and AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL/AmpC-EC)
Summary: Between 2011 and 2013, the period during which the use of 3rd- and 4th-generation cephalosporins was minimized, the between-herd prevalence of resistant E. coli expressing ESBL/AmpC-genes in Dutch dairy herds declined significantly. Calves were found to have both, a much higher individual animal prevalence and a higher level of shedding than young stock and cows. The most sensitive approach to find ESBL/AmpC positive E. coli in Dutch dairy herds is through collecting samples from individual young calves.
67 Research paper – Heuvelink – 2019 – Prevalence of extended-spectrum and AmpC B-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Dutch dairy herds
Where to find the original material:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378113518313993; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.04.005
Country: NL

67 Research paper – Heuvelink – 2019 – Prevalence of extended-spectrum and AmpC B-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Dutch dairy herds

65 Antibiotic use in dairy herds in the Netherlands from 2005 to 2012 (Research paper; Kuipers, 2012)

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Significant Impact Group(s): AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance \ Antibiotic use ; Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): Animal-Defined Daily Dosages (ADDD)
Summary: The indicator animal-defined daily dosages (ADDD) was used to evaluate antibiotic use for 3 farmer groups and 6 treatment categories. Large variation in antibiotic use was found between herds, and variation in use among herds decreased during the study period. Reducing antibiotic use and the variation in use were related to changes in management practices, which can enhance drug use awareness. Managing udder health is the main reason for antibiotic use, justifying as 68% of all ADDD. A reduction in use was achieved by reducing daily dosages used as other treatments. A reduction in use for the treatment of mastitis was also noted, but farmers were hesitant to reduce dry-cow therapy. Restrictions on third-choice drugs were successful in minimizing their use, with a shift to increased use of penicillin and certain broad-spectrum drugs. Both lower veterinary costs per cow and antibiotic use decreased in recent years, according to this study.
65 Research paper – Kuipers – 2012 – Antibiotic use in dairy herds in the Netherlands from 2005 to 2012
Where to find the original material:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030215009054; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8428
Country: NL

65 Research paper – Kuipers – 2012 – Antibiotic use in dairy herds in the Netherlands from 2005 to 2012

64 Consumption of Antimicrobials in Pigs, Veal Calves, and Broilers in The Netherlands: Quantitative Results of Nationwide Collection of Data in 2011 (Research paper; Bos, 2013)

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Significant Impact Group(s): AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance \ Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy;
Age: Different for different species;
Outcome Parameter(s): defined daily dosages per year (ADDD/Y); treatment days per year
Summary: Since 2011, the consumption of veterinary antimicrobial has been recorded in The Netherlands. These data are used to define benchmark indicators for veterinary consumption of antimicrobials. This paper presents the results of sector wide consumption of antimicrobials, for all pig, veal calf, and broiler farms. Data were used to calculate animal defined daily dosages per year (ADDD/Y) per pig or veal calf farm. For broiler farms, number of animal treatment days per year was calculated. Furthermore, data were used to calculate the consumption of specific antimicrobial classes per administration route per pig or veal calf farm. The distribution of antimicrobial consumption per farm varied greatly within and between farm categories. The insights obtained from the results of this study, and the full transparency obtained by monitoring antimicrobial consumption per farm, will help reduce antimicrobial consumption and help create implementation of antimicrobial stewardship.
64 Research paper – Bos – 2013 – Consumption of Antimicrobials in Pigs Veal Calves and Broilers in The Netherlands_ Quantitative Results of Nationwide Collection of
Where to find the original material:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3804574/; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077525
Country: NL

64 Research paper – Bos – 2013 – Consumption of Antimicrobials in Pigs Veal Calves and Broilers in The Netherlands_ Quantitative Results of Nationwide Collection of

62 Quantification of antimicrobial usage in dairy cows and preweaned calves in Argentina (Research paper, Pereyra, 2015)

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Significant Impact Group(s): AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance \ Antibiotic use ; Pathogen management
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young; Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): Antimicrobial usage; Disease prevalence
Summary: Antimicrobial use in dairy cows and calves was estimated using standardized drug usage indicators in Argentina. In lactating dairy cows, intramammary usage accounted for the majority of total drug usage. All the surveyed disease cases in calf rearing units included treatment with antibiotics.
62 Research paper – Pereyra – 2015 – Quantification of antimicrobial usage in dairy cows and preweaned calves in Argentina
Where to find the original material:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587715300404; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.10.019
Country: AR

62 Research paper – Pereyra – 2015 – Quantification of antimicrobial usage in dairy cows and preweaned calves in Argentina

27 Quantitative assessment of antimicrobial resistance in livestock during the course of a nationwide antimicrobial use reduction in the Netherlands (Research paper; Dorado-Garcia, 2016)

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Significant Impact Group(s): AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance \ Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy;
Age: Different for different species;
Outcome Parameter(s): Antimicrobial resistance
Summary: Evidence presented indicates that drug use history and co-selection of resistance are key elements
for perpetuation of resistance. Data suggest that recent Dutch policies aimed at reducing total use of antimicrobials and restricting the use of critically important antimicrobials have decreased E. coli resistance in the pig and veal calf production sectors while the impact on the dairy cattle and poultry sectors is less clear.
27 Research paper – Dorado-García – 2016 – Quantitative assessment of antimicrobial resistance in livestock during the course of a nationwide antimicrobi
Where to find the original material:
https://academic.oup.com/jac/article/71/12/3607/2631265; https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkw308
Country: NL

27 Research paper – Dorado-García – 2016 – Quantitative assessment of antimicrobial resistance in livestock during the course of a nationwide antimicrobi

21 Refa2vi project by SYNALAF (Farm Innovation)

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Significant Impact Group(s): AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance \ Antibiotic use

Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young; Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): Effects social and/or public health positively.
Summary: A tool for monitoring the use of antibiotics in poultry farms
The objective of the RefA²vi project is to build a tool for monitoring the use of antibiotics in livestock poultry, allowing industry professionals to have precise and reliable national references, expressed by the through one or more indicators in accordance with national and European recommendations.
It’s about:
• for farmers: to situate the level of use of antibiotics in their farms and its evolution;
• for the sectors: anticipate crisis situations, changes in regulations, target actions to be taken
to develop practices, and to promote the efforts made by the profession to consumers.
21 Farm Innovation – Refa2vi project by SYNALAF
Where to find the original material: (in French)
https://www.itavi.asso.fr/download/8888;
Country: FR

21 Farm Innovation – Refa2vi project by SYNALAF

15 GVET by AACTING (Farm Innovation)

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Significant Impact Group(s): AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance \ Antibiotic use

Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): It effects social and/or public health positively.
Summary: GVET is a voluntary, computerized register for all the treatments in pig farms. It is active since early 2017, and is run by the French Institute for pig and pork Industry (IFIP) in cooperation with The French Agency for Veterinary Medicinal Products, the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) and Isagri, a private software company.
Data collection is available for subtopics like weight categories (sows, fatteners, weaners and sucklers) and input is asked about antibiotic treatment (like dosage, date of administration, duration, reasons of treatment, etc.).
Analysis is used for farmers and for national and European purposes. Also benchmarking will be performed.
15 Farm Innovation – GVET by AACTING
Where to find the original material: (in English)
https://aacting.org/matrix/gvet/?lid=1423;
Country: FR

 

15 Farm Innovation – GVET by AACTING

Health Benefits of Monitoring Rumination

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It is now common for neckcollars and eartags to measure rumination, as well as activity, in automatic heat detection systems. However there is a greater benefit in the use of rumination data as an early warning health alert. Not only are cows monitored 24 hours a day and alerts sent to the stockman when a problem arises – allowing time to be focused on animals that need attention – but a reduction in rumination rate is an earlier symptom than the more obvious signs of sickness that are traditionally seen. This early diagnosis leads to a wider range of potential treatments, many curative averting the need of antibiotic use, making the symptoms less severe and allowing a much quicker recovery.

For example, at the South West Dairy Development Centre, the Smartbow eartag identified reduced rumination at 3 days post calving, prompting a vet diagnosis of a dilated abomasum – the first stage of a DA. Appropriate treatment avoided the need for an operation – and the corresponding antibiotic use – and resulted in a quickly recovered cow.

Similarly monitoring rumination can identify early stages of ketosis, acidosis, mastitis and even the time of calving. Monitoring rumination at a herd/ group can identify Sub Acute Ruminal Acidosis, suboptimal dry cow transition diets, and even poor forage quality.

Remotely monitoring rumination rate can also indicate if a treatment has been successful. Two technologies – Cow Manager and SmaXtec (a rumen bolus) also include temperature in the health alert algorithm.

Monitoring rumination can save time, improve animal health, reduce stress, improve treatment outcomes, increase production and reduce antibiotic use.