220 Risk assessment as a tool for improving external biosecurity at farm level (Research paper – Sternberg Lewerin, 2015)

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220 Research paper – Sternberg Lewerin – 2015 – Risk assessment as a tool for improving external biosecurity at farm level

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \External biosecurity
Species targeted: Pigs; Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
Biosecurity routines at herd level may reduce the probability of introduction of disease into the herd, but some measures may be regarded as expensive and cumbersome for the farmers. The aim of the study was to provide a tool for calculating the effects of different biosecurity measures and strategies on the individual farm level in Swedish cattle and pig farms. The most important factors affecting the risk, and the effect of biosecurity measures such as quarantine routines and protective clothing, were the frequency of between-farm contacts and prevalence of the disease. The risk assessment model proved useful for illustrating the risk of introduction of endemic diseases and the mitigating effect of different biosecurity measures on farm level. Model outputs could be used to justify prioritisation of measures or adapting contact patterns.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4515931/; https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0477-7
Country: SE

219 – Patterns of between-farm contacts via professionals in Sweden (Research paper – Olofsson – 2014)

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219 Research paper – Olofsson – 2014 – Patterns of between-farm contacts via professionals in Sweden

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \External biosecurity
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
The objective of the study was to examine the travel patterns of professionals visiting Swedish farms (veterinarians, milk tanker drivers, artificial inseminators, maintenance technicians and livestock hauliers). There were twelve participating organisations, and data was provided for one to three individuals/vehicles/veterinary practices per professional category and per geographic region (except for dairy service technicians and livestock hauliers who did not provide data from all regions). Generally, the greatest areas were travelled by milk tankers and livestock hauliers, and the profession travelling over the smallest areas tended to be the veterinarians. The results of this study indicate that in Sweden a highly contagious disease might spread over a large area in the time span of one incubation period, which ought to be kept in mind in case of an outbreak and in outbreak investigations. The difficulties in contacting some professionals visiting farms could be a problem in an outbreak situation.

Where to find the original material: https://actavetscand.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13028-014-0070-2#citeas; https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-014-0070-2
Country: SE

218 – Network analysis of cattle and pig movements in Sweden – Measures relevant for disease control and risk based surveillance (Research paper – Noremark – 2011)

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218 Research paper – Noremark – 2011 – Network analysis of cattle and pig movements in Sweden_ measures relevant for disease control and risk based surveillance

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \External biosecurity
Species targeted: Pigs; Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
Registration of cattle and pig movements is mandatory in Sweden and all registered movements between farms in the years 2006-2008 were investigated. The networks were analysed as monthly and yearly networks, separately per species and with the two species together. Many farms had few or no contacts, while others had many, a pattern which has also been described from other countries. The cattle network and the combined network showed a recurring seasonal pattern, while this was not seen in the pig network. The in-degree was not equivalent to the ingoing infection chain; there were holdings with limited direct contacts, but a large number of indirect contacts. The ingoing infection chain could be a useful measure when setting up strategies for disease control and for risk based surveillance as it identifies holdings with many contacts through live animal movements and thus at potentially higher risk for introduction of contagious diseases.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587711000043?via%3Dihub; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.12.009
Country: SE

217 – Application of network analysis parameters in risk-based surveillance – Examples based on cattle trade data and bovine infections in Sweden (Research paper – Frossling – 2012)

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217 Research paper – Frossling – 2012 – Application of network analysis parameters in risk-based surveillance – Examples based on cattle trade data and bovine infections in Sweden

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
Financial resources may limit the number of samples that can be collected and analysed in disease surveillance programmes. In this paper, the association between two network analysis measures, i.e. ‘in-degree’ and ‘ingoing infection chain’, and signs of infection is investigated. Results show that compared to completely random sampling these approaches increase the number of detected positives, both for BCV and BRSV in our study population. It is concluded that network measures for the relevant time period based on updated databases of animal movements can provide a simple and straight forward tool for risk-based sampling.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7114171/; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.12.011
Country: SE

216 – A novel method to identify herds with an increased probability of disease introduction due to animal trade (Research paper – Frossling – 2014)

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216 Research paper – Frossling – 2014 – A novel method to identify herds with an increasedprobability of disease introduction due to animal trade

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \External biosecurity
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
This paper presents a new method to assess herd disease risk in animal movement networks. It is an improvement to current network measures that takes direction, temporal order, and also movement size and probability of disease into account. In the study, the method was used to calculate a probability of disease ratio (PDR) of herds in simulated data sets, and of real herds based on animal movement data from dairy herds included in a bulk milk survey for Coxiella burnetii. The results show that the PDR is able to capture the different circumstances related to disease prevalence and animal trade contact patterns. The method shows a potential to be useful for risk-based surveillance, in the classification of herds in control programmes or to represent influential contacts in risk factor studies.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587714002487?via%3Dihub; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.07.013
Country: SE

213 Preventive Approach to Gut Health in Layers – feed additives Biotronic® and Digestarom® by Biomin (Industry Innovation)

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213 Industry Innovation – Preventive Approach to Gut Health in Layers – feed additives Biotronic® and Digestarom® by Biomin

In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health \ Feed additives and supplements
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
Even with good management, bacterial infections stemming from the imbalance of the gut microbiota can cause production losses in layers. Preventive nutrition strategies that support gut performance can offer a cost effective alternative to antibiotic application, particularly around peak production. In fact, unsaleable eggs and the challenge of drug-resistant bacteria can make antibiotic application more expensive than non-antibiotic alternatives. Organic acids and phytogenic feed additives have been accepted as an efficient tool to prevent and control disease proliferation in poultry. The case of a commercial layer farm in Hungary illustrates how preventive nutritional strategies using novel feed additives can offer a profitable alternative to antibiotics in cases of chicken disease.

Where to find the original material: https://www.biomin.net/science-hub/a-profitable-preventive-approach-to-gut-health-in-layers/;
Country: HU

195 Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Campylobacter spp Isolated from Broiler Chicken Meat of Estonian Latvian and Lithuanian Origin at Estonian Retail (Research paper – Maesaar, 2016)

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195 Research paper – Maesaar- 2016 – Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Campylobacter spp Isolated from Broiler Chicken Meat of Estonian Latvian and Lithuanian Origin at Estonian Retail

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Disease/health
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
This study shows that antimicrobial susceptibility results indicate that the use of antimicrobial agents, particularly fluoroquinolones, in Estonian broiler chicken production has been reduced during recent years. This can be associated with the policies in restrictive use of antimicrobials implemented by the European Commission in 2006. Resistances to one or more antimicrobials occurred significantly less frequently in the products of Estonian origin than in the products of Latvian and Lithuanian origin available at Estonian retail. It was found that problems caused by the inappropriate use of antimicrobials extend beyond the country in which a food originates; therefore, the origin of broiler chicken meat may pose different risks for human population.

Where to find the original material: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/zph.12208; https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12208
Country: EE; LV; FI; LT

194 Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli Enterococcus spp and the Major Foodborne Pathogens in Calves in Latvia (Research paper – Terentjeva, 2019)

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194 Research paper – Terentjeva – 2019 – Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli Enterococcus spp and the Major Foodborne Pathogens in Calves in Latvia

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Disease/health
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young;
Summary:
In this study 180 samples collected from 18 Latvian farms, to detect the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Campylobacter spp. Among all, 64% E. coli, 100% Enterococcus faecalis and 96% Enterococcus faecium isolates were resistant at least to one antibiotic. The prevalence of extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC-positive E. coli were 11.1%. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli were the most resistant to tetracycline and fluoroquinolones. Prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 0.6% and S. aureus 1.7%. Farm size, bought calves, contact with other calves, and antimicrobial treatment of cows were associated with increased prevalence of resistant E. coli and Enterococcus spp. Despite low usage of antimicrobials in Latvia, high rates of antimicrobial resistance in fecal indicators and Campylobacter, combined with high prevalence of ESBL-positive E. coli, show the necessity for the prudent use of antimicrobials in dairy farms in Latvia.

Where to find the original material: https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/fpd.2018.2523; https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2018.2523
Country: LV

193 Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in meat and meat products in Latvia (Research paper – Terentjeva, 2017)

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193 Research paper – Terentjeva – 2017 – Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in meat and meat products in Latvia

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Disease/health
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
This study reports the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates from meat in Latvia. A total of 3,152 samples of raw and ready-to-eat (RTE) meats were collected during the official control and in-house control procedures in 2015. The prevalence of Salmonella was 0.8%. The highest prevalence (1.5%) of Salmonella was found in minced meat and meat preparations, while the lowest (0%) in frozen meat and meat preparations and RTE meats. Most common were S. Typhimurium (36%) and S. Derby (32%). In total, 62% of Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Altogether, 40% of isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole, 25% to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin and 20% to tetracycline. S. Typhimurium exhibited antimicrobial resistance more often (than other Salmonella serovars). The study shows that the presence of Salmonella in meat and the high prevalence of resistant strains, is a significant public health related issue in Latvia.

Where to find the original material: http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/yadda/element/bwmeta1.element.agro-52cbc8f7-4a27-4d96-840c-816425ab6e94; https://doi.org/10.5604/12321966.1235180
Country: LV

192 Campylobacter species and their antimicrobial resistance in Latvian broiler chicken production (Research paper – Kovaļenko, 2014)

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192 Research paper – Kovaļenko – 2014 – Campylobacter species and their antimicrobial resistance in Latvian broiler chicken production

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Disease/health
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
In the present study Campylobacter species and their antimicrobial resistance in Latvian broiler chicken production was determined. Furthermore, this is the first report on the antimicrobial resistance patterns for Campylobacter isolates from broiler chickens at slaughterhouse and retail level in Latvia. Two biggest Latvian broiler chicken meat producing company products were included in the study. Altogether, 74 randomly selected broiler chicken Campylobacter spp. isolates were analyzed. Resistance to one or more antimicrobials was detected in all 58 bacteria identified (isolates). A very high proportion of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid. Multidrug resistance, which was determined as resistance to three or more unrelated antimicrobials, was detected in 67.2% of the bacteria identified. Moreover, all multiresistant bacteria were resistant to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid. Analyses of Campylobacter isolates from two Latvian broiler chicken meat producing companies resulted with significant differences in Campylobacter species.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956713514002552; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.05.009
Country: LV; EE; FI