387 – From farm management to bacteriophage therapy strategies to reduce antibiotic use (Research paper – Kahn – 2019)

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387 Research paper – Kahn – 2019 – From farm management to bacteriophage therapy strategies to reduce antibiotic use

Specific alternatives \ Immunomodulators

Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Different for different species;
Summary:
A number of effective or commercially viable alternatives have been implemented to reduce the use of antibiotics in livestock. The most well-established strategies are flock and herd management practices to mitigate disease introduction and spread, and, subsequently, reduce the need for antibiotic use. While vaccines in food animal production have been used to prevent both bacterial and viral diseases, but historically, most vaccines have targeted viral diseases. Though vaccines against viral diseases can help reduce the need for antibiotic use by controlling the spread of secondary bacterial infections, more recent vaccines under development specifically target bacteria. New developments in selecting and potentially tailoring bacteriophages provide a promising avenue for controlling pathogenic bacteria without the need for traditional small-molecule antibiotics. In this article we discuss these established and emerging strategies, which are anticipated to reduce the reliance on antibiotics in food animal production and should reduce the prevalence and transmission to humans of antimicrobial resistant bacteria from these systems.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6850639/; 10.1111/nyas.14034

Country: Canada, New York

386 – Eficacitatea probioticelor în tratamentul gastroenteropatiilor la puii broiler (Research paper – Balanescu – 2017)

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386 Research paper – Balanescu – 2017 – Eficacitatea probioticelor în tratamentul gastroenteropatiilor la puii broiler

In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health \ Feed additives and supplements
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young;
Summary:
An experiment using broiler chickens (Ros-308) was conducted to assess the influence of the commercial preparation Rescue Kit SL (containing Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis, betaine, vitamins and microelements), administered in the drinking water (1g/litre) from the age of 9 to 14 days. One group that was not given the additive, was considered as control. Performance indices were measured weekly and blood samples were collected from 14, 35 and 50-d-old chicks for biochemical and hematological analyses. The results indicate a reduced lethality rate in experimental group – 3.5%, while 3.9% (control). At the end of the production cycle (50 days) the body weight was by 50 g higher in broiler chickens from the experimental group. The preparation Rescue Kit SL induced the increase of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, total protein and glucose in blood serum.
386 Research paper – Balanescu – 2017 – Eficacitatea probioticelor în tratamentul gastroenteropatiilor la puii broiler
https://sa.

Where to find the original material: https://sa.uasm.md/index.php?journal=sa&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=117;
Country: MD

382- Alternatives to antibiotics as growth promoters for use in swine production – A review (Research paper – Thacker – 2013)

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382 Research paper – Thacker – 2013 – Alternatives to antibiotics as growth promoters for use in swine production_ a review

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ Other
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Different for different species;
Summary:
The potential of antimicrobial peptides, clay minerals, egg yolk antibodies, essential oils, eucalyptus oil-medium chain fatty acids, rare earth elements and recombinant enzymes are discussed on the above review. Based on a thorough review of the literature, it is evident that a long and growing list of compounds exist which have been tested for their ability to replace antibiotics as feed additives in diets fed to swine.

Where to find the original material: https://jasbsci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2049-1891-4-35; 10.1186/2049-1891-4-35
Country: Global

381- Effects of dietary hop B-acids or colistin on the performance nutrient digestibility and intestinal health of weanling pigs (Research paper – Sbardellaa – 2016)

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381 Research paper – Sbardellaa – 2016 – Effects of dietary hop B-acids or colistin on the performance nutrient digestibility and intestinal health of weanling pigs

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Farmer
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
Colistin is still often used outside the European Union as antibiotics to improve animal performance and health. Because first signs on antimicrobial resistance for colistin are seen, the scientific world is urgently looking for replacement of colistin as well as to find substitutes for zinc oxide in the European Union. Hops, known for their interactions with microbial cell structures, can offer a solution. This article describes and benchmarks hop extracts (β-acids) for that purpose, and came to interesting findings. When applied in nutrition for piglets, they observed improved performance (daily weight gain, daily feed conversion ratio), mainly by improved nutrient digestibility and intestinal health.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0377840116301420?via%3Dihub; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.04.007
Country: BR

380- Effects of quaternary benzo(c)phenanthridine alkaloids on growth performance shedding of organisms and gastrointestinal tract integrity (Research paper – Robbins – 2013)

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380 Research paper – Robbins – 2013 – Effects of quaternary benzo(c)phenanthridine alkaloids on growth performance shedding of organisms and gastrointestinal tract integrity

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Farmer
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
Salmonella is classified by European authorities as a major coloniser in pigs and poultry, causing food poisoning after the consumption of meat. Alkaloids derived from plants, can be biochemically derivatized to quaternary benzo(c)phenanthridine alkaloids, that is able to kill Salmonella, and this way sanitising the meat. The main mode of action is based on maintaining gastrointestinal integrity, blocking Salmonella and other pathogens from entering the bloodstream and causing infection. The legal status of the quaternary benzo(c)phenanthridine alkaloids can be discussed, but opens the way to innovative interaction at the level of food quality and safety.

Where to find the original material: https://avmajournals.avma.org/doi/abs/10.2460/ajvr.74.12.1530; https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.74.12.1530
Country: US

379- Inhibitory effects of selected plant essential oils on the growth of four pathogenic bacteria_ E coli O157H7 Salmonella Typhimurium Staphylococcus (Research paper – Oussalah – 2007)

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379 Research paper – Oussalah – 2007 – Inhibitory effects of selected plant essential oils on the growth of four pathogenic bacteria_ E coli O157H7 Salmonella Typhimurium Staphylococcus

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Farmer
Species targeted: Other;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Pathogen colonisation in livestock can harm animal health, as well as subsequent human health after consumption of animal derived proteins (pork, poultry, beef, eggs, milk). The authors tested a portfolio of plant based essential oils on major microbial pathogens with clinical importance in animals (and humans), such as E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. The results indicate that most of them show good potential in the treatment of these kind of infections, and leaves room for application in livestock production. Most plant based essential oils are pure compounds and tested in the laboratory ex-animal. For application in the field, the farmer has to decide on cost-effectiveness and on what’s available in the market at reasonable prices.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0956713505002872; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2005.11.009
Country: CA

378 – Effects of dietary allicin on health and growth performance of weanling piglets and reduction in attractiveness of faeces to flies (Research paper – Huang – 2011)

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378 Research paper – Huang – 2011 – Effects of dietary allicin on health and growth performance of weanling piglets and reduction in attractiveness of faeces to flies

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Farmer
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
This article confirms the positive effect of allicin in antibiotic free farming. Allicin is next to other essential oils classified as a recognised functional feed ingredient in livestock production. Beside increase zootechnical performance, also health is improved of livestock. The researchers detected another important advantage of using allicin in livestock production, namely reduction of manure odour. This makes agricultural practices more public acceptable, and contributes to responsible farming in society. By reduction of manure odour, also less insects (like flies) are attracted to farms, improving working conditions for farmers.

Where to find the original material: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/animal/article/abs/effects-of-dietary-allicin-on-health-and-growth-performance-of-weanling-piglets-and-reduction-in-attractiveness-of-faeces-to-flies/E6B7C4B884DB12A0ECB048B841C1CB50; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22440775/
Country: CN

377- Use of a micro-encapsulated eucalyptus-medium chain fatty acid product as an alternative to zinc oxide and antibiotics for weaned pigs (Research paper – Yung-Keun Han – 2011)

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377 Research paper – Yung-Keun Han – 2011 – Use of a micro-encapsulated eucalyptus-medium chain fatty acid product as an alternative to zinc oxide and antibiotics for weaned pigs

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Farmer
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
Zinc Oxide is today used as the major antibiotic substitute in Europe, but poses some serious environmental problems in terms of sustainability (accumulation in the environment). The article describes the use Eucalyptus derived medium chain fatty acids. Although medium chain fatty acids are a promising substitute for antibiotics, today these medium chain fatty acids are mainly obtained after distillation and fractionation of palm kernel oil. This is also a non-sustainable raw material and extraction from Eucalyptus can be a solution. In addition, processing of the medium chain fatty acids into micro-encapsulated functional feed ingredients improves functionality in animals what is reflected in improved daily performance and health.

Where to find the original material: http://www.aasv.org/shap.html
Country: CA

376- Effect of Brazilian red pepper Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi essential oil on performance diarrhea and gut health of weanling pigs (Research paper – Gois – 2016)

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376 Research paper – Gois – 2016 – Effect of Brazilian red pepper Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi essential oil on performance diarrhea and gut health of weanling pigs

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Farmer
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
This research paper describes the effect of Brazilian red pepper on performance, diarrhoea and gut health of weanling pigs. The authors extracted the essential oil from the Brazilian red pepper and experienced positive effects on gastrointestinal health, translating in improved overall health as well as animal performance. The work is performed on weaning piglets, and makes extrapolation to final slaughter weight difficult.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1871141315300354?via%3Dihub; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2015.11.009
Country: BR

375- Essential oils and aromatic plants in animal feeding – A European perspective A review (Research paper – Franz – 2010)

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375 Research paper – Franz – 2010 – Essential oils and aromatic plants in animal feeding – a European perspective A review

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Farmer
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
This article gives an overview of application of plant and herb extracts as substitute for antibiotics in livestock production. The authors are experts in the field of European as well as non-European herbs, plant extracts and aromatic plant substances, and contributed to the classification and standardisation of these substances. Depending on the intended applications, a portfolio of blends is possible. The article also shows the clear potential of traditional Chinese medicinal plants in improving livestock performance and health. Not all plant extracts are already accepted in European legislation, but leaves room for innovative solutions.

Where to find the original material: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ffj.1967; https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1967
Country: AT