374- Antibiotic alternatives_ the substitution of antibiotics in animal husbandry (Research paper – Chengn – 2014)

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374 Research paper – Chengn – 2014 – Antibiotic alternatives_ the substitution of antibiotics in animal husbandry

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Farmer
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Different for different species;
Summary:
This article provides an overview of substitutes for antibiotics, having potential in livestock production. The article describes a range of antibiotic alternatives, ranging from plant extract to prebiotic functional feed ingredients. All of the functional feed ingredients show potential in improving animal performance, as well as a contribution to increase health in terrestrial livestock. There is no clear preference for a particular functional feed ingredient, and final selection will mainly depend on farmer expectations as well as commercial price setting (which is not a fixed asset).

Where to find the original material: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00217/full; doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00217
Country: CN

372 – Antimicrobial Usage and Resistance in Dairy Cattle Production (Research paper – Loo – 2019)

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372 Research paper – Loo – 2019 – Antimicrobial Usage and Resistance in Dairy Cattle Production

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ None
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
The chapter explain antimicrobial usage in dairy cattle production and the recent approaches and challenges on AMR.

Where to find the original material: https://www.intechopen.com/books/veterinary-medicine-and-pharmaceuticals/antimicrobial-usage-and-resistance-in-dairy-cattle-production; https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81365
Country: MY

371- Practical strategies to reduce antimicrobial use in dairy farming (Research report – EuroDairy – 2018)

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371 Research report – EuroDairy – 2018 – Practical strategies to reduce antimicrobial use in dairy farming

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ None
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult; Young;
Summary:
This report highlights the extent of quantitative reduction which can be achieved, both in overall antimicrobial use, and especially of Critically Important Antibiotics (CIA’s) whose efficacy must be preserved for use in human medicine. EuroDairy gathered intelligence through its partners and wider networks, organized a cross border workshop, farmer exchange visits, technical webinars, and linked to regional Operational Groups focussed on reducing antibiotics. The only way to sustainably reduce the risk of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is through an integrated approach to disease control, which sustainably improves animal health. Hotspots for antibiotic use are treatment for mastitis (including dry cow therapy), lameness and foot health, respiratory disease and young stock health.

Where to find the original material: https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/documents/downloadPublic?documentIds=080166e5c0d054f7&appId=PPGMS;
Country: SE; DK; NL; UK; BE; FR; ES

370 – Antimicrobial Effect of Zophobas morio Hemolymph against Bovine Mastitis Pathogens (Research paper – Du – 2020)

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370 Research paper – Du – 2020 – Antimicrobial Effect of Zophobas morio Hemolymph against Bovine Mastitis Pathogens

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
In the present study, we showed the protective effect of Zophobas morio (Z. morio) hemolymph on bovine mammary epithelial cells against bacterial infection. Z. morio hemolymph directly kills both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria through membrane permeation and prevents the adhesion of E. coli or the clinically isolated S. simulans strain to bovine mammary epithelial (MAC-T) cells. In addition, Z. morio hemolymph downregulates the expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family member pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, and NLRP6, as well as inhibits the secretion of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and IL-18, which attenuates E. coli or S. simulans-induced pyroptosis. Overall, our results suggest the potential role of Z. morio hemolymph as a novel therapeutic candidate for bovine mastitis.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7601528/; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101488
Country: CN

366 – Piglet gut microbial shifts early in life – Causes and effects (Research paper – Guevarra – 2019)

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366 Research paper – Guevarra – 2019 – Piglet gut microbial shifts early in life_ causes and effects

In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
The establishment and maintenance of a beneficial gut microbiota early in life is crucial in pigs. The intestinal microbiota is known to play major roles in the development of immune system and the overall health of piglets. Piglets are exposed to a number of stressors during the weaning transition. This review provides a general overview of recent studies on effects on weaned piglet gut microbiota. Several factors that influence the gut microbiota are described: diet and diet change, probiotics, prebiotic and synbiotics, antibiotic, host genetic, and the possible links between the intestinal microbiota composition of piglets and its association with growth performance and health.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6330741/pdf/40104_2018_Article_308.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-018-0308-3
Country: KR, US

365 – A review of environmental enrichment for laying hens during rearing in relation to their behavioral and physiological development (Research paper – Campbell – 2019)

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365 Research paper – Campbell – 2019 – A review of environmental enrichment for laying hens during rearing in relation to their behavioral and physiological development

Housing and welfare \ Enrichment
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young;
Summary:
Recently, there has been increasing focus on the impacts of the rearing environment on long-term behavior, health, and welfare of layers. Enriching the rearing environments with physical, sensory, and stimulatory additions can help to maximize the bird’s developmental potential. This review describes the available literature regarding enrichments provided during rearing and the subsequent impact they have on different aspects of behavioral and physiological development, including identifying the ways enrichments could have biological impact. The behaviour of the birds and their needs (dustbathing, perching, foraging) will improve their well-being and will probably result in a bird that is better able to respond to infections. But what exactly the mechanism behind the positive impact of enriched housing environments is on immunocompetence are currently poorly understood due to limited research in this area. There is a need to identify practical cost-effective enrichments that producers would use on-farm and to have commercial validation of positive impacts on aspects of behavior and biology.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579119302822; https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey319
Country: UK; NL; AU

364 LalFilm PRO by by Lallemand (Industry Innovation)

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364 Industry Innovation – LalFilm PRO by by Lallemand

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Biosecurity
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Other;
Age: Different for different species;
Summary:
All microbial species can be biofilmogenic under certain stress conditions, nutrient concentration, colony size and degree of confinement. The exchange of information and gene expressions that characterize the biofilm make it an enemy to be fought as part of the fight against antibiotic resistance. During a webinar organised by Lallemand and Unitec, a method to combat the formation of pathogenic biofilm was presented, exploiting the antagonism between bacteria. LalFilmPRO, Lallemand’s apatogenic biofilm, can be used to reverse the paradigm, using the same weapons as bacteria to extend the hygiene protocol. The exclusive technology is based on the use of specific bacterial strains, with antagonistic efficacy and high adherence power. Bacterial strains have been selected to colonise an environment quickly and uniformly, which can inhibit and antagonise the growth of other species.

Where to find the original material: https://www.biosicurezzaweb.net/pdf/SV1159_33-35.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0BNw-pOL3VO88cdtoPjbOs-LtSI80KLKMet_EJnRHhZbnAX1P5N2WLtnM;
Country: Global

350 Effects of methylsulfonylmethane (Research paper Abdul Rasheed, 2020)

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350 Research paper Abdul Rasheed 2020 Effects of methylsulfonylmethane

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Eradication; Feed / gut health
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young;
Summary:
This experiment showed promising results in the recovery of broiler chicks after a challenge with mild coccidiosis infection (E. Tenella). The chicks were fed a feed containing an additive that boosted their immuneresponse to the parasite and an additional antioxidant to mitigate tissue damage to the gut from an excessive immune response. Both the chicks on the control diet (without the new additives) and the chicks receiving the treatment were challenged with a mild coccidiosis infection and did not differ in overall performance. However, the chicks on the treatment diet showed faster recovery and better daily gain instantely after the infection with the parasite. This led the researchers to believe that chicks under a more severe infection could benefit more from this innovative dietary supportive treatment.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579120306982; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.046
Country: USA

347 – Non-antibiotic approaches for disease prevention and control in beef and veal production – A scoping review (Research paper – Wisener – 2019)

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347 Research paper – Wisener – 2019 – Non-antibiotic approaches for disease prevention and control in beef and veal production_ a scoping review

In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health \ Feed additives and supplements; Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Beef;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
A scoping review (systematically map the literature with regard to the extent, range, and nature of the existing research) on non-antibiotic interventions in the form of products or management practices that could potentially reduce the need for antibiotics in beef and veal animals living under intensive production conditions was conducted. The objectives of this review were 3-fold: first, to examine and describe the range and nature of research on nonantibiotic approaches that may ultimately reduce the need for medically important antibiotics to prevent, control, or treat illnesses in beef and veal production; second, to identify areas where the available literature may support systematic reviews that could summarize the effect of specific non-antibiotic approaches within the broader topic area; and third, to identify knowledge gaps where additional primary research might provide valuable insight into the effectiveness of different specific nonantibiotic approaches. The four most frequent interventions included non-antibiotic feed additives, vaccinations, breed type, and feed type.

Where to find the original material: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32081121/; https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466252319000252
Country: CA

345 – EIP-AGRI Focus Group – Reducing antibiotic use in pig farming – Final Report (Research report – European Commission – 2014)

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345 Research report – European Commission – 2014 – EIP-AGRI Focus Group – Reducing antibiotic use in pig farming_ Final Report

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Antibiotics are used to treat and control pathogenic bacterial infections. The key to reducing the need for antibiotics is improving pig health. Under the European Innovation Partnership for Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability (EIP-AGRI) a focus group (FG) looked into how to reduce the use of antibiotics in pig farming. In the report the results, recommendations and proposals from the group to reduce antibiotic use are presented. The group identified three main areas where practical solutions already exist or may be further developed to reduce antibiotic use:– General enhancement of animal health and welfare to reduce the need for antibiotic use through better biosecurity, management and husbandry, facility design and management, and training of personnel, veterinarians and advisors.– Specific alternatives to antibiotics including vaccination, feeding approaches and breeding.– Changing attitudes, habits and human behaviour (farmers, agri-advisors and veterinarians) and improving information dissemination.

Where to find the original material: https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/sites/agri-eip/files/eip-agri_fg3_pig_antibiotics_final_report_2014_en_0.pdf;
Country: EU