264 – Obstacles and incentives for broiler farmers to set up preventive measures against the avian colibacillosis (Research paper – Gery-Choquet – 2019)

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264 Research paper – Gery-Choquet – 2019 – Obstacles and incentives for broiler farmers to set up preventive measures against the avian colibacillosis

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals; Targeted use of antibiotics; AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
In a context of antibiotic restraint, colibacillosis prevention in chicken farms should be maximized. This disease is commonly treated with antibiotics. Understanding the psychological and social context in which farmers operate can have an impact management of avian. With that purpose, a first survey (qualitative study) was carried out involving 14 chicken conventional production farmers. Afterwards, 75 western France farmers of replied to quantitative questionnaire based on results from the previous survey. The survey revealed that 85% of farmers had insufficient knowledge about colibacillosis. The major incentives to prevent the avian colibacillosis were the desire to improve farm income and to reduce antibiotic use. Statistical analysis showed five farmers profiles. Advice should be adapted according to these profiles : «experimented little motivated farmers», «young and independent farmers», «farmers with others priorities», «motivated with small chicken house farmers» and «risk taker farmers».

Where to find the original material: https://www.itavi.asso.fr/content/freins-et-motivations-des-eleveurs-de-poulets-mettre-en-place-des-mesures-preventives-contre;
Country: FR

263 The frequency of use of antibiotics (IFTA) – one indicator of sustainability of lives (Research paper – Fortun-Lamothe 2010)

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263 Research paper – Fortun-Lamothe 2010 The frequency of use of antibiotics (IFTA)_ one indicator of sustainability of lives

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Other;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
We defined an indicator of sustainability to evaluate the practices of antibiotic supplementation in rabbit breeding. The frequency of use of antibiotics was defined as ‘Index de Fréquence des Traitements par les Antibiotiques’ (which can be translated as Index of Frequence of Antibiotic Treatments) The IFTA corresponded to the number of treatments received per animal and day during a reference period. It was declined for the growing rabbits (IFTAc and referred to the life of the animal) and for the reproductive females (IFTAr, and referred to a cycle of reproduction). It varied between 0 and 3 and must be expressed with two decimals to be sensitive to one day of treatment with one antibiotic molecule. For 57 breeding units studied, IFTAc was of 0.86±0.34 and IFTAr of 1.44±0.74. The IFTA aims to be user-friendly, reaching a compromise between relevance, sensitivity and simplicity.

Where to find the original material: https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02750406;
Country: FR

262 – Assessment of biofilm in pipes of breeders houses and effect of purge on biofilm mastering and water quality (Research paper – Dennery – 2017)

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262 Research paper – Dennery – 2017 – Assessment of biofilm in pipes of breeders houses and effect of purge on biofilm mastering and waterquality

In Significant Impact Groups: Water \ Water quality; Housing and welfare
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Biofilm can alter water quality in pipes. Its development is favored by breeding practices and conditions. Biofilm management in drinking water pipes is a major issue to prevent disease and to reduce antibiotic consumption and resistance. The aim of this field study is to assess the effect of purging pipes during breeding on development of biofilms, water quality, amount of water used, and breeder’s health. In order to achieve this goal it was necessary to create a methodology to characterize biofilm. A scoring method was developed, each score being definite by a picture and objective definition. The chart created was used to characterize biofilm at each observation, and to estimate its evolution during the breeding. First results highlight the importance of cleaning the pipes before starting the flock breeding. Daily and highly frequency purges seem to delay biofilm development inside pipes when compared to never purged pipes.

Where to find the original material: https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20183183457;
Country: FR

261 – Measuring carbon dioxide concentrations in broiler buildings (Research paper – Creach – 2018)

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261 Research paper – Creach – 2018 – Measuring carbon dioxide concentrations in broiler buildings

In Significant Impact Groups: Housing and welfare \ Climate
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
The ministerial decree of 28 June 2010 establishing the standards for the protection of broilers, sets a limit of 3 000 ppm of carbon dioxide (CO2) not to be exceeded at animal’s height and over the entire duration of the lot. Since then, CO2 concentration sensors are developing in poultry buildings and this gas, combined with other parameters (relative humidity rate in particular) is a good indicator of the level of containment of the breeding room. Different CO2 concentration sensors of the same technology (non-dispersive infrared or IRND) have been tested in commercial barns. The results show that two of the five tested sensors are not suitable for continuous use in poultry buildings. In addition, the spatial variability of CO2 concentrations was evaluate in a first phase under experimental conditions and in a second phase in commercial broiler barns.

Where to find the original material: https://www.itavi.asso.fr/content/mesurage-des-concentrations-en-dioxyde-de-carbone-en-batiment-poulets-de-chair;
Country: FR

260 – Measuring carbon dioxide concentrations in broiler houses (Research paper – Creach – 2017)

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260 Research paper – Creach – 2017 – Measuring carbon dioxide concentrations in broiler houses

In Significant Impact Groups: Housing and welfare \ Climate
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
The EU sets a limit of 3000 ppm of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration not to be exceeded for broilers, over the entire duration of the flock. Since then, CO2 concentration sensors are developing in French poultry buildings. The purpose of this article is to provide methodological advices for continuous measurement of CO2 concentrations in a broiler house, by looking at CO2 commercial sensors. Despite being the best compromise to measure CO2 concentration at animal’s level according to at the end of the flock at 80 cm +/- 20 cm of height, this can underestimate CO2 concentrations in case of high CO2 productions by animals and litter. These results suggest using more than one CO2 sensors for continuous measurements in poultry barns. According to the sensors’ tests, first level investment should be in high-performance sensor and in its maintenance than purchasing an additional sensor.

Where to find the original material: https://www.itavi.asso.fr/content/mesurage-des-concentrations-en-dioxyde-de-carbone-en-batiment-poulets-de-chair#:~:text=L’arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9%20minist%C3%A9riel%20du%2028,toute%20la%20dur%C3%A9e%20du%20lot.;
Country: FR

259 – Modeling heat and Carbon Dioxide production of a broiler house at hourly time step (Research paper – Wejden – 2019)

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259 Research paper – Wejden – 2019 – Modeling heat and Carbon Dioxide production of a broiler house at hourly time step

In Significant Impact Groups: Housing and welfare \ Climate
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Models of heat production of broilers are used to design the thermal equipment to optimize climate control. The reference models are now around fifteen years old. Daily values of heat productions are deduced from the live weight of broilers and do not integrate the diversity of livestock systems and the genetic progress’s evolution. Animal welfare and environmental issues now require simulations at an hourly time step or even shorter. Our objective is to propose an hourly model of heat, carbon dioxide and water vapor productions incorporating the zoo technical parameters specific of a commercial batch of broilers. To update the reference equations, experiments were performed so that models replicated conditions similar to commercial farming. We propose a new model design for heat production. The perspectives are to apply this modeling to climate control and thermal design of broiler houses.

Where to find the original material: https://www.itavi.asso.fr/content/modelisation-horaire-des-productions-de-chaleur-et-de-dioxyde-de-carbone-en-elevage-de;
Country: FR

258 – Assessment of the innocuity and immunostimulant properties of plant extracts in chicken cell lines (Research paper – Allimonnier, 2019)

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258 Research paper – Allimonnier – 2019 – Assessment of the innocuity and immunostimulant properties of plant extracts in chicken cell lines

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ Immunomodulators
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
The use of plant extracts in poultry feed is a promising approach to reinforce the animals’ natural defenses. However, this approach is limited by the lack of robust references and solid methodological bases. Our objective was to develop and test a simple, reliable and repeatable method to determine capacities of plant extracts in stimulating the natural defenses of poultry. A bibliographic study helped identifying 4 plant extracts: Astragalus, Echinacea, Ginseng and Melissa. We have shown that Astragalus, Echinacea, Ginseng and Melissa had little or no cytotoxic effects. Results from experiments with Melissa and Ginseng suggest these may have immune stimulating activities. The Melissa and Ginseng extracts appear to be non-cytotoxic candidates, capable of stimulating the natural defenses of poultry.

Where to find the original material: https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02734430;
Country: FR

257 Richtlijn Veterinair handelen bij vleeskuikens rondom de opzet en in de eerste levensweek op het vleeskuikenbedrijf by Koninklijke Nederlandse Maatschappij voor Diergen (Tools & Checklists)

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257 ToolsChecklists – Richtlijn Veterinair handelen bij vleeskuikens rondom de opzet en in de eerste levensweek op het vleeskuikenbedrijf by Koninklijke Nederlandse Maatschappij voor Diergen

In Significant Impact Groups: Housing and welfare
Species targeted: Broilers; Poultry;
Age:
Summary:
This directive was produced for Dutch poultry veterinarians to provide guidance in veterinary practice concerning the start-up of and management in the first week of live of broiler chicks. Apart from the procedures to follow in prescribing antibiotic treatments the directive provides a vast amount of practical tips and norms for managing and monitoring the optimal start-up of broiler chicks. For example, regarding optimal climate, lighting scheme, water management, feed and supportive measures such as advice on pre- and probiotics, vitamins and minerals, organic acids and fytobiotics. So while this guide is directed to veterinarians and offers a lot of veterinary medicinal information regarding the risk for illness and pathogens and its treatment in the early life of broilers, it can also be an interesting information source for broilers farmers keen on finding insights to improve their start-up management.

Where to find the original material: http://www.journees3r.fr/IMG/pdf/texte_7_reduction_intrants_b-mounaix-2.pdf;
Country: Netherlands

256 EMA Categorisation of antibiotics for use in animals for prudent and responsible use by European Medicines Agency (Tools & Checklists)

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256 ToolsChecklists – EMA Categorisation of antibiotics for use in animals for prudent and responsible use by European Medicines Agency

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age:
Summary:
Veterinarians are encouraged to check and consider EMA’s updated scientific advice on the categorisation of antibiotics when prescribing these medicines for animals in their care. This categorisation can also be used as a tool for the preparation of treatment guidelines. The classification now comprises four categories, from A to D: Avoid, Restrict, Caution and Prudence. Category A: These medicines may not be used in food-producing animals and may be given to individual companion animals only under exceptional circumstances. Category B: The use of these medicines in animals should be restricted to mitigate the risk to public health. Category C: These antibiotics should only be used when there are no antimicrobial substances in Category D that would be clinically effective. Category D: These antibiotics can be used in animals in a prudent manner.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/infographic-categorisation-antibiotics-use-animals-prudent-responsible-use_en.pdf;
Country: European Union

255 Joining advising and innovative training in order to reduce antibiotic use in the dairy sector (Research paper – Le Guenic, 2018)

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255 Research paper – Le Guenic – 2018 – Joining advising and innovative training in order to reduce antibiotic use in the dairy sector

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
A training-program involving virtual classes and personalized advice on farm has been evaluated by an exposed/non exposed study on two themes: control of clinical mastitis and implementation of selective dry cow therapy. Exposed farmers significantly improved their knowledge regarding intramammary infections and selective dry-cow therapy compared to non-exposed farmers. Those from the “control of clinical mastitis” group have decreased the use of antibiotics against mastitis during lactating and dry period from 4 days/year/cow of antibiotic treatment to 3.1. Main messages are : precise knowledge on the role of antibiotics at drying-off, mastering use of a teatseal, respect of low cellular thresholds to sort the cows out.

Where to find the original material: http://www.journees3r.fr/IMG/pdf/texte_2_reduction_intrants_m-le_guenic-2.pdf;
Country: FR