292 – How Does Reviewing the Evidence Change Veterinary Surgeons Beliefs Regarding the Treatment of Ovine Footrot – A Quantitative and Qualitative Study (Research paper – Higgins – 2013)

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292 Research paper – Higgins – 2013 – How Does Reviewing the Evidence Change Veterinary Surgeons Beliefs Regarding the Treatment of Ovine Footrot_ A Quantitative and Qualitative Study

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals Other
Species targeted: Sheep;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
The aims of this research were to see how veterinary surgeons’ beliefs regarding effectiveness of two treatments for footrot changed following a review of the evidence. There was considerable variety in veterinary surgeons’ beliefs before they listened to a review of the evidence. After hearing the evidence, seven participants quantifiably changed their beliefs. The results suggest that a substantial amount of the variation in beliefs related to differences in veterinary surgeons’ knowledge of the evidence. Two key findings from the qualitative data were: (i) veterinary surgeons believed that farmers are unlikely to actively seek advice on lameness, suggesting a proactive veterinary approach is required (ii) more attention could be given to improving the way in which veterinary advice is delivered to farmers. In summary this study has revealed that the evidence that currently exists can change veterinary opinion and improved transfer of research knowledge into veterinary practice is needed.

Where to find the original material: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0064175; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064175
Country: UK

291 – Looking after the individual to reduce disease in the flock – A binomial mixed effects model investigating the impact of individual sheep management (Research paper – Green – 2007)

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291 Research paper – Green – 2007 – Looking after the individual to reduce disease int he flock_ A binomial mixed effects model investigating the impact of individual sheep management of in

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals Euthanasia/culling; Breeding for disease resistance or robustness
Species targeted: Sheep;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
A total of 160 ewes on one farm in England were studied for 18 months. Cases of footrot and interdigital dermatitis in individually identified sheep and treatment and flock control measures were recorded. In this one flock, cases of footrot and interdigital dermatitis were linked and associated with trimming of feet. They were also negatively associated with the use of antibiotics and topical antibiotic sprays in either the first +/- second 2-week period. These results suggest 1) that ‘footrot and interdigital dermatitis are infectious diseases that can be controlled, in part, through the use of antibiotics, which acts to reduce the infectious period of diseased sheep’ and 2) that ‘routine trimming of diseased and healthy feet increase disease, through environmental contamination +/- through increased susceptibility of sheep with recently trimmed feet’.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587706002078; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2006.09.005
Country: UK

290 – The Five Point Plan – A successful tool for reducing lameness in sheep (Research paper – Clements – 2014)

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290 Research paper – Clements – 2014 – The Five Point Plan_ a successful tool for reducing lameness in sheep

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals Euthanasia/culling; AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Sheep;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Lameness constitutes a major animal welfare and economic challenge across the sheep sector, costing an estimated £24 million to the UK industry. The high volume of antibiotic currently used to tackle the estimated 9 million lameness cases that occur annually in the UK is also concerning. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an achievable farm-level solution, the Five Point Plan, to reduce lameness levels to FAWC targets. The Five Point Plan has five action points that support the animal in three different ways: building resilience, reducing disease challenge and establishing immunity. It was then implemented on a UK sheep farm over a four-year study period (2009–2013). Lameness prevalence across the study flock was measured monthly by a single observer using a simple 6-point locomotion score. The results show that lameness reduction is achievable within a relatively short time scale but does require long-term commitment in order to sustain success.

Where to find the original material: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263294503_The_’Five_Point_Plan’_A_successful_tool_for_reducing_lameness_in_sheep; https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.102161
Country: UK

289 – Effects of quaternary benzo(c)phenanthridine alkaloids on growth performance shedding of organisms and gastrointestinal tract integrity in pigs (Research paper – Robbins – 2013)

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289 Research paper – Robbins – 2013 – Effects of quaternary benzo(c)phenanthridine alkaloids on growth performance shedding of organisms and gastrointestinal tract integrity in pigs inocula

In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health \ Feeding management Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
A study was done to measure the effects of quaternary benzo(c)phenanthridine alkaloids (QBAs) against Salmonella spp and determine effects on growth performance, organism shedding, and gastrointestinal tract integrity in pigs inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium. Pigs were inoculated with Salmonella organisms and placed in 4 groups: receiving diets supplemented with 1.5 g of QBAs/1,000 kg of feed, 0.75 g of QBAs/1,000 kg of feed, or 59.4 g of chlortetracycline/1,000 kg of feed or a nonsupplemented diet. Diets containing QBAs decreased Salmonella spp shedding; shedding was lower 40 days after inoculation for pigs fed diets containing QBAs or chlortetracycline. Growth performance was similar for pigs fed diets containing QBA or chlortetracycline. Gastrointestinal tract integrity improved in pigs fed the diet containing 1.5 g of QBAs/1,000 kg of feed.QBAs and chlortetracycline decreased Salmonella spp shedding but did not differ regarding growth performance. Gut integrity was slightly better in pigs fed diets containing QBAs.

Robins – 2013 – Effects of quaternary benzo(c)phenanthridine alkaloids on growth performance, shedding of organismsm and gastrointestinal tract integrity in pigs

Where to find the original material: https://avmajournals.avma.org/doi/full/10.2460/ajvr.74.12.1530; https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.74.12.1530
Country: US

288 – Effects of dietary allicin on health and growth performance of weanling piglets and reduction in attractiveness of faeces to flies (Research paper – Huang – 2010)

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288 Research paper – Huang – 2010 – Effects of dietary allicin on health and growth performance of weanling piglets and reduction in attractiveness of faeces to flies

In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health \ Feed additives and supplements
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
The effect of allicin on health and growth performance of weanling piglets was investigated at 21 days of age. Two hundred and twenty-five piglets were weaned and allocated into five groups. Piglets in the control group were fed diets supplemented with antibiotics. In the treatment groups pigs were fed diets without antibiotics, but supplemented with allicin product (25% pure allicin oil) with 0.10 g/kg, 0.15 g/kg, 0.20 g/kg and 0.25 g/kg in the diet, respectively. After 28 days, the average daily weight gain increased as the level of dietary allicin increased; whereas feed gain ratio, the incidence of diarrhoea in the treatment piglets decreased (especially female piglets) and the number of flies on the surface of the faeces decrease with increased allicin. In conclusion, diets with allicin may improve growth performance, reduce the incidence of diarrhoea and improve their local environmental conditions due to lower number of flies.

Where to find the original material: https://europepmc.org/article/med/22440775; https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731110001953
Country: CN; US

287 – Use of a micro-encapsulated eucalyptus-medium chain fatty acids product as an alternative to zinc oxide and antibiotics (Research paper – Han – 2011)

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287 Research paper – Han – 2011 – Use of a micro-encapsulated eucalyptus-medium chain fatty acids product as an alternative to zinc oxide and antibiotics

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ New antibiotics; Feed / gut health
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
The effects of eucalyptus-medium chain fatty acids (E-MCFAs), zinc oxide (ZnO), and antibiotics on performance, nutrient digestibility, and serum chemistry parameters of were studied in nursery pigs. Three experiments were conducted. Recently weaned pigs, were given five treatments consisting of a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with antibiotics (33 mg per kg tiamulin and 44 mg per kg lincomycin), ZnO (1500 or 2500 mg per kg), or 0.1% E-MCFAs (Experiments One and Two). In Experiment Three, 1% diatomaceous earth was added and the negative control was not used. In all three experiments, performance of pigs fed the four supplemented diets did not differ. Digestibility was higher in the diet supplemented with E-MCFAs than in diets supplemented with ZnO or antibiotics. This study indicates eucalyptus-MCFAs can be successfully used as a growth promoter in diets fed to nursery pigs.

Where to find the original material: https://www.aasv.org/shap/issues/v19n1/v19n1p34.html;
Country: KR, CA

285 – Effect of Brazilian red pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) essential oil on performance diarrhea and gut health of weanling pigs (Research paper – Gois – 2016)

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285 Research paper – Gois – 2016 – Effect of Brazilian red pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) essential oil on performance diarrhea and gut health of weanling pigs

In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health \ Feed additives and supplements; Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary Brazilian red pepper essential oil and an antimicrobial agent on weanling pig growth performance, diarrhea, pH of the digestive content, small intestine cells, and intestine microbial counts. Ninety weanling castrated male pigs were given five treatments: a diet supplemented with 0 (negative control), 500, 1000, and 1500mg/kg Brazilian red pepper essential oil vs with 120mg/kg chlorohydroxyquinoline (antibiotic). Treatments had no effect on growth performance, diarrhea occurrence, pH of the digestive content, gut mucosa and intestinal microbial counts of weanling pigs. However, pigs fed the diet containing 500mg/kg essential oil had thicker gut mucosa than those fed diets containing the antibiotic or 1000 and 1500 mg/ kg essential oil. Thus, Brazilian red pepper essential oil and the antibiotic are of limited benefit for enhancing the growth of weanling pigs. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of growth enhancer additives may be reduced in non-challenging situations.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871141315300354; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2015.11.009
Country: BR

284 – Essential oils and aromatic plants in animal feeding – A European perspective – A review (Research paper – Franz – 2009)

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284 Research paper – Franz – 2009 – Essential oils and aromatic plants in animal feeding – a European perspective A review

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ Pre-/probiotics
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
In the last years there has been substantial interest on the use of aromatic herbs and essential oils as feed additives in animal nutrition. Significant antimicrobial effects of several essential oils and compounds against gut organisms in farm animals have been shown. Specific Escherichia coli strains could be controlled by in-feed application of carvacrol-rich essential oils, and the effect of some essential oil components against Clostridium perfringens and necrotic enteritis was confirmed in poultry. In ruminants, an improvement of the digestion was observed. Aromatic plants and essential oil compounds improve stability and palatability of animal feed and improved shelf-life and quality of animal products. The ‘growth-promoting effect’ of essential oils is not as evident. Nonetheless, the overall efficacy of essential oils and aromatic herbs, especially their impact on the health status and benefit of animals and humans (via the food chain) is encouraging further research and development in this field.

Where to find the original material: Essential oils and aromatic plants in animal feeding – a European perspective. A review. – Franz – 2010 – Flavour and Fragrance Journal – Wiley Online Library; https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1967
Country: TR; AT

283 – Antibiotic alternatives_ the substitution of antibiotics in animal husbandry (Research paper – Cheng – 2014)

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283 Research paper – Cheng – 2014 – Antibiotic alternatives_ the substitution of antibiotics in animal husbandry

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ New antibiotics
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
It is a common practice for decades to use of sub-therapeutic dose of antibiotics in food-animal feeds to prevent animals from diseases and to improve production performance in modern animal husbandry. Concerns over the increasing emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria have prompted efforts to develop so-called alternatives to antibiotics. This review summarizes recent development and perspectives of alternatives to antibiotics. The mechanism of actions, applications of the alternatives such as immunity modulating agents, bacteriophages and their lysins, antimicrobial peptides, pro-, pre-, and synbiotics, plant extracts, inhibitors targeting pathogenicity, and feeding enzymes are discussed. Lastly, the feasibility of these alternatives is analyzed. The conclusion is that these alternatives are not likely to replace antibiotics in animals in a foreseeable future. Therefore, prudent use of antibiotics and the establishment of scientific monitoring systems are the best and fastest way to limit the adverse effects of overuse of antibiotics.

Where to find the original material: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00217/full; https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00217
Country: CN

282 – Influence of applying broiler welfare laws on unit cost (Research paper – Tudorache – 2014)

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282 Research paper – Tudorache – 2014 – Influence of applying broiler welfare laws on unit cost

In Significant Impact Groups: Housing and welfare
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
European Union and especially some national governments have gradually increased production costs by political decisions of introducing new rules concerning food safety, protection of environment and animal welfare. This paper has been performed to assess economic consequences of applying broiler welfare laws on unit cost by kg live weight. The study was performed during four years with production data from six top poultry farms from Romania before (V1) and after the introduction of broiler welfare rules (V2 and V3). Analyzing these percentages has revealed that unit cost is 1.81% higher in variant V2 than in variant V1 and 3.43% higher in variant V3 compared to base variant. On the other hand, welfare rules also brings savings in unit costs between 1.12% for biological material and feeds – V2 and 37.50% for ventilation energy – V3.

Where to find the original material: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/INFLUENCE-OF-APPLYING-BROILER-WELFARE-LAWS-ON-UNIT-Tudorache-Custur%C4%83/308e9485d75e55e090d46b8242a34402e4cb108d
Country: RO