209- Antimicrobial resistance programs in the European Union ( Research paper – Zorlescu – 2018)

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209 Research paper – Zorlescu – 2018 – Antimicrobial resistance programs in the European Union

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Disease/health
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
At the European Commission (EC) level, legislation has been issued for the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and these rules are applicable by each Member State (MS). For the proper implementation of the above legislation, audits are carried out in Member States that have developed programs on antimicrobial resistance that go beyond the EC’s requests. The aim of the study was the analysis of existing data reports, legislation and recommendations on antimicrobial resistance through which surveillance and monitoring is carried out in the European Union (EU). The audit reports issued between 2015 and 2017 by the Food Veterinary Office (FVO), as well as the articles issued by the EC through the antimicrobial resistance institutes were analysed. In conclusion, in order to improve antimicrobial resistance programs, a “good practice guide” can be achieved by MS with extensive experience in this area, to be used to harmonize antimicrobial resistance programs within the EU.

Where to find the original material: https://ojs.journals.cz/index.php/CBUIC/article/view/1281; https://doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v6.1281
Country: RO

208 – Bacterial resistance to antibiotics – a threat to humanity (Research paper – Draghici – 2017)

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208 Research paper – Draghici – 2017 – Bacterial resistance to antibiotics – a threat to humanity

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Legislation and incentives Government
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
The concept of microbial resistance defines the ability of pathogens to survive and multiply in the presence of antibiotics. The resistant microorganisms are or become “tolerant” to antibiotics. The causes that led to this unprecedented situation are described here: releasing antimicrobials without prescription, unjustified prescription, failure to comply with the dosage, the use of antimicrobials with broad spectrum, prophylactic administration of antimicrobials, non-compliance with withdrawal periods after their administration to animals of economic interest, etc. The mechanisms of resistance occurrence are also described in this article: enzymatic inactivation, alteration or over-expression of the drug target, modification of metabolic pathways, reduced permeability or uptake, enhanced efflux. The role of International organizations such as OIE, WHO, FVO, HMA, EMA is also presented, along with a summary of the guidelines aiming to help national authorities of each state to develop its own strategies, leading to reducing the occurrence and spread of bacterial resistance.

Where to find the original material: https://agmv.ro/vol-27-nr-2-2017/;
Country: RO

207 – Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance in strains of E Coli isolated from broiler carcasses (Research paper – Lancu – 2018)

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207 Research paper – Iancu – 2018 – Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance in strains of e Coli isolated from broiler carcasses

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Disease/health
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Chicken products may be a source of infection with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains (ExPEC) and may present a zoonotic risk through multiple antibiotic resistances. The emergence of multiple antibiotic resistances (resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobial agents) among E. coli strains isolated from birds has created major economic and human health problems. A total of 30 strains of E. coli have been isolated and identified from fresh chicken carcasses harvested at different time intervals over a period of 12 months from different manufacturers. Strains identified as E. coli were tested on 12 antimicrobial substances and showed multiple resistances. The highest resistance was recorded at erythromycin and doxycycline (96.6%), and the smallest resistance was recorded at gentamicin 10%. E. coli strains with multiple antibiotic resistances are one of the main cause of infections in humans and birds.

Where to find the original material: https://agmv.ro/vol-28-nr-4-2018/; ISSN: 1220-3173
Country: RO

206 – Study on the antibiotic resistance of strains of staphylococcus aureus isolated from animals with contagious ecthyma (Research paper – Mesteaanu – 2018)

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206 Research paper – Mesteaanu – 2018 – Study on the antibiotic resistance of strains of staphylococcus aureus isolated from animals with contagious ecthyma

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Disease/health
Species targeted: Sheep;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Staphylococcus aureus is a commonly found germ and cases of antibiotic resistance encountered due to the unusual use of antibiotics are frequently recorded in this germ. The results of the antibiogram showed an increased sensitivity to the action of gentamicin (96,6%) and of quinolones (ciprofloxacin 86.6%, enrofloxacin 83.3%) and trimethoprim (80%). The increase of the penicillin resistance phenomenon, widely used in the past, has led to new generations of antibiotics in this group (semi-synthetic penicillin). Based on the sensitivity of the strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in 7 types of antibiotics, it was computed the MAR index (multiple antibiotic resistance index), in order to establish the risk degree represented by these types of strains for animals and humans. The values of the MAR index showed a high likelihood of the occurrence of the multiple antibiotic resistance.

Where to find the original material: https://agmv.ro/vol-28-nr-1-2018/;
Country: RO

205 – The prevalence of salmonlla serotypes in domestic and wild animals and their spatial distribution in Romania between 2015 and 2016 (Research paper – Neghirla – 2018)

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205 Research paper – Neghirla – 2018 – The prevalence of salmonella serotypes in domestic and wild animals and their spatial distribution in Romania between 2015 and 2016

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Disease/health
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
Salmonella are major worldwide zoonotic pathogens infecting a wide range of animal species as well as humans. This study investigates the prevalence of circulating Salmonella serotypes in domestic and wild animal species in Romania and the spatial distribution of Salmonella isolates at county level in the period 2015-2016. There were collected 2551 samples for the isolation and serotyping of Salmonella according to ISO 6579:2002/Amd 1:2007 protocol. The findings of this study show that 36 Salmonella serotypes were isolated in 1357 Salmonella-positive samples in 2015, and 28 serotypes in 1188 Salmonella-positive samples in 2016. One sample from pigeon and one from hen were negative in 2015, and one sample from pigeon and three samples from hen were negative in 2016. In order to reduce the prevalence of serotypes with major zoonotic potential, we recommend continuing collaboration of all the professionals involved in the security of the food chain.

Where to find the original material: https://agmv.ro/vol-28-nr-4-2018/; ISSN: 1220-3173
Country: RO

202 – Prevalence of clinical mastitis in a dairy cows and their economic impact (Research paper – Casaru – 2016)

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202 Research paper – Casaru – 2016 – Prevalence of clinical mastitis in a dairy cows and their economic impact

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Disease/health
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of clinical mastitis in a dairy farm and the economic implications of this condition during 8 months. Based on the clinical signs, 37% of lactating cows were diagnosed with mastitis and 29 % of these shows relapse. The economic loss due to the compromised lactation and the medical treatment was amounted to almost 25000 Euro / 8 months. The results of the statistical study performed in this work raised an alarm and highlighted the need of introducing control programs, early diagnosis and mastitis prevention.

Where to find the original material: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0ba2/6c2d899ac93bf00e5701450b06d4fbcb133c.pdf; ISSN: 1314-8591
Country: RO

201 – Evaluation of antibiotic residue incidence in dairy milk and correlation with various milk quality parameters (Research paper – Saraz – 2017)

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201 Research paper – Saraz – 2017 – Evaluation of antibiotic residue incidence in dairy milk and correlation with various milk quality parameters

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:
The aim of this paper was to determine the presence or absence of antibiotic residues in dairy milk, to assess the most frequently encountered antibiotic classes and to establish a correlation between positive samples and various milk quality parameters: the somatic cell count (SCC), the total number of germs (TNG) as well as protein, fat and lactose in the samples included in the study. The research was carried out on a total number of 360 samples between 2016 and 2017 (10 samples of milk were taken each month from the three farms included in our experiments -farm A, farm B, farm C. The main classes of identified antibiotics were: fluoroquinolones, macrolides, tetracyclines and quinolones. In 11 samples, the presence of antibiotic residues was detected above the maximum admissible limit. In positive samples, the number of somatic cells as well as the total number of germs increased.

Where to find the original material: https://agmv.ro/vol-27-nr-4-2017/;
Country: RO

199 – Antibiotic sensitivity profile of E. Coli isolates from poultry flocks (Research paper – Burtan – 2019)

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199 Research paper – Burtan – 2019 – Antibiotic sensitivity profile of e. Coli isolates from poultry flocks

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Disease/health
Species targeted: Poultry;
Summary:
Aim of this study was to determine of the antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli strains from flocks belonging to a unit integrated consumer egg production. For that purpose, E. coli strains isolated from colibacillosis outbreaks or obtained by routine surveillance were tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Samples were divided into four categories: breeding of light breeds, incubation, youth and laying hens. Isolated strains were resistant to spectinomicin, flumequin, erythromycin, trimethoprim, oxytetracycline, ampicillin, amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, doxicillin and sensitive to fosfomycin +tylosin, ceftiofur, lincomycin + spectinomycin, colistin, gentamycin, florfenicol and neomycin. As a conclusion, even though antibiotics are used to a lesser extent in chicken flocks for egg consumption compared to poultry meat production, this study found the resistance of E. coli strains to different antibiotics and multi-drug resistant strains were identified as well.

Where to find the original material: https://agmv.ro/vol-29-nr-1-2019-2/; ISSN: 1220-3173
Country: RO

198 – Reduced use of antimicrobials after vaccination of pigs against porcine proliferative enteropathy in a Danish SPF herd (Research paper – Bak – 2009)

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198 Research paper – Bak – 2009 – Reduced use of antimicrobials after vaccination of pigs against porcine proliferative enteropathy in a Danish SPF herd

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Pathogen management
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
The present study explored whether the use of group medication with antibiotics in a Danish pig herd was reduced after vaccination of the pigs against proliferative enteropathy (PE) caused by Lawsonia intracellularis. 7900 pigs originating from a single commercial sow herd were vaccinated against L. intracellularis, whereas 7756 pigs were kept as non-vaccinated controls. The pigs were included batch-wise in the study with every second batch being vaccinated. In the vaccinated batches, the consumption of oxytetracykline to treat PE was reduced by 79%, with a significantly lower number of pigs being treated. Vaccination also resulted in a highly significant improvement of average daily weight gain (+ 46 g/day) and carcass weight (+ 1.25 kg) as well as a shortened fattening period (-8 days).

Where to find the original material: https://actavetscand.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1751-0147-51-1; https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-51-1
Country: DK

195 Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Campylobacter spp Isolated from Broiler Chicken Meat of Estonian Latvian and Lithuanian Origin at Estonian Retail (Research paper – Maesaar, 2016)

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195 Research paper – Maesaar- 2016 – Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Campylobacter spp Isolated from Broiler Chicken Meat of Estonian Latvian and Lithuanian Origin at Estonian Retail

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Disease/health
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
This study shows that antimicrobial susceptibility results indicate that the use of antimicrobial agents, particularly fluoroquinolones, in Estonian broiler chicken production has been reduced during recent years. This can be associated with the policies in restrictive use of antimicrobials implemented by the European Commission in 2006. Resistances to one or more antimicrobials occurred significantly less frequently in the products of Estonian origin than in the products of Latvian and Lithuanian origin available at Estonian retail. It was found that problems caused by the inappropriate use of antimicrobials extend beyond the country in which a food originates; therefore, the origin of broiler chicken meat may pose different risks for human population.

Where to find the original material: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/zph.12208; https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12208
Country: EE; LV; FI; LT