338- Automated collection of heat stress data in livestock_ new technologies and opportunities (Research paper – Koltes – 2018)

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338 Research paper – Koltes – 2018 – Automated collection of heat stress data in livestock_ new technologies and opportunities

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management
Species targeted: Pigs; Dairy; Beef;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
The objective of this manuscript is to discuss automated body temperature monitoring technologies and to discuss their use to develop new strategies to overcome potential animal health problems. Development of technologies to detect elevated temperature earlier or to predict and prevent the negative effects of a fever or heat stress would be extremely valuable. Future development of these technologies will require real-time data collection, data management, and development of predictive models to determine the risk of heat and disease stress to allow for early intervention to prevent or limit losses in current and future generations of animals.

Where to find the original material: https://academic.oup.com/tas/article/2/3/319/4999824; https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txy061
Country: USA

335 – Selectively drying off of dairy cows impact on future performance and antimicrobial consumption (Research report – Lipkens – 2019)

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335 Research report – Lipkens – 2019 – Selectively drying off of dairy cows impact on future performance and antimicrobial consumption

Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals; Targeted use of antibiotics; Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
Test-day somatic cell counts (SCC) before drying off and after calving were used to determine cow’s udder health across the dry period and to study the impact on the performance in the next lactation. Test-day data before drying off were explored to evaluate their diagnostic ability to detect noninfected cows at the time of drying off in 15 commercial dairy herds with an adequate udder health management. We confirmed that SCC information via milk recording is capable of predicting the absence of IMI with major pathogens at dry-off, yet (an estimate of) the herd prevalence of subclinical mastitis, the cow’s milk yield and parity impact the estimates of the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values to some extent. We concluded that implementing selective dry cow treatment to reduce the antimicrobial use on commercial dairy herds, using strict selection criteria and test-day information, is possible without jeopardizing udder health or milk yield.

Where to find the original material: https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8613317;
Country: BE

334- Reduction of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in colostrum_ Development and validation of 2 methods (Research paper – Verhegghe – 2017)

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334 Research paper – Verhegghe – 2017 – Reduction of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in colostrum_ Development and validation of 2 methods one based on curdling and one based on ce

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young;
Summary:
The aim of this study was to develop and validate 2 protocols (for use on-farm and at a central location) for the reduction of Mycobacterium avium ssp. Paratuberculosis (MAP) in colostrum while preserving beneficial immunoglobulins (IgG). The on-farm protocol was based on curdling of the colostrum, where the IgG remain in the whey and the MAP bacteria are trapped in the curd. The semi-industrial protocol was based on centrifugation, which causes MAP to precipitate, while the IgG remain in the supernatant. The effect of the colostrum treatment on the nutritional value and palatability of the colostrum and the IgG transfer was assessed in calves. The treated colostrum had no negative impact on animal health, IgG uptake in the blood serum, milk, or forage uptake. Two protocols to reduce MAP in colostrum (for use on-farm or at a central location) were developed and both methods preserve the vital IgG.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030217302436; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-12355
Country: BE

332- Danish Stable Schools for Experiential Common Learning in Groups of Organic Dairy Farmers (Research paper – Vaarst – 2007)

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332 Research paper – Vaarst – 2007 – Danish Stable Schools for Experiential Common Learning in Groups of Organic Dairy Farmers

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Farmer
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
The farmer field school (FFS) is a concept for farmers’ learning, knowledge exchange, and empowerment. In Denmark, a research project focusing on explicit nonantibiotic strategies involves farmers who have actively expressed an interest in phasing out antibiotics from their herds through promotion of animal health. An FFS approach was adapted to Danish conditions and named “stable schools.” A facilitator was connected to each group whose role was to write the meeting agenda together with the host farmer, direct the meeting, and write the minutes to send to the group members after the meeting. Complex farming situations were the focus of all groups and in this context, problems were identified and solutions proposed based on each farmer’s individual goals. In this article, we describe the experiences of 4 stable school groups (each comprising farmers and a facilitator), and the process of building a concept suitable for Danish organic dairy farming.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030207717526; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2006-607
Country: DK

331- Social influences on the duration of antibiotic treatment of clinical mastitis in dairy cows (Research paper – Swinkels – 2015)

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331 Research paper – Swinkels – 2015 – Social influences on the duration of antibiotic treatment of clinical mastitis in dairy cows

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
The aim of this study was to explore the social factors influencing farmers’ decision-making on the duration of antibiotic treatment of clinical mastitis. Extended treatment is perceived as part of the social norm of “being a good farmer.” The participants’ perception was that mastitis is not treated “thoroughly” if clinical symptoms were still visible at the time of cessation of treatment. Groups with whom the farmer identifies and regularly communicates face to face, such as other farmers, the herd veterinarian, and other farm advisors, confirm the farmer’s judgment on extending treatment and influences him or her toward socially accepted behavior. Legislation may reduce antibiotic usage, if doable and controllable. Evidence-based information on treatment efficacy or practical on-farm decision support indicating when to end treatment may be able to change social norms of “thorough” treatment, especially when communicated by a group such as veterinarians.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030215000879; http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8488
Country: NL; DE

330 – Factors potentially linked with the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in selected bacteria from cattle chickens and pigs – A scoping review (Research paper – Murphy – 2018)

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330 Research paper – Murphy – 2018 – Factors potentially linked with the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in selected bacteria from cattle chickens and pigs_A scoping review

In Significant Impact Groups: Other
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Beef;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
Antimicrobial resistance is a complex issue with a large volume of published literature, and there is a need for synthesis of primary studies for an integrated understanding of this topic. A comprehensive literature search and screening were performed to identify studies investigating factors potentially linked with antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter species, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica along the farm‐to‐fork pathway (farm, abattoir (slaughter houses) and retail meats) for the major Canadian livestock species (beef cattle, broiler chicken and pigs). The most common factors identified were antimicrobial use and type of farm management system (e.g., antibiotic‐free, organic). There are still insufficient research done on the effect of vaccination, industry‐specific factors (e.g., livestock density) and factors at sites other than farm along the agri‐food chain. Further investigation of these factors and other relevant industry activities are needed in order to identify effective interventions to decrease antimicrobial resistance along the agri‐food chain.

Where to find the original material: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/zph.12515; https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12515
Country: CA

326 – Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 2 (Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018)

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326 Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018 – Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 2

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Vaccination; Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
This article highlights new approaches and potential solutions for the development of vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics in food producing animals. Many current vaccines fall short of ideal vaccines in one or more respects. Promising breakthroughs to overcome these limitations include new biotechnology techniques, new oral vaccine approaches, novel adjuvants, new delivery strategies based on bacterial spores, and live recombinant vectors; they also include new vaccination strategies in-ovo, and strategies that simultaneously protect against multiple pathogens. However, translating this research into commercial vaccines that effectively reduce the need for antibiotics will require close collaboration among stakeholders, for instance through public–private partnerships. Targeted research and development investments and concerted efforts by all affected are needed to realize the potential of vaccines to improve animal health, safeguard agricultural productivity, and reduce antibiotic consumption and resulting resistance risks.

Where to find the original material: https://veterinaryresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13567-018-0561-7?optIn=true; https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0561-7
Country: USA; UK; FR; BE; DE

325- Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 1 (Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018)

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325 Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018 – Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 1

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Vaccination; Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
Vaccines and other alternative products can help minimize the need for antibiotics by preventing and controlling infectious diseases in animal populations, and are central to the future success of animal agriculture. This article, synthesizes and expands on the expert panel discussions regarding opportunities, challenges and needs for the development of vaccines that may reduce the need for use of antibiotics in animals. Vaccines are widely used to prevent infections in food animals. Various studies have demonstrated that their animal agricultural use can lead to significant reductions in antibiotic consumption, making them promising alternatives to antibiotics. To be widely used in food producing animals, vaccines have to be safe, effective, easy to use, and cost-effective. Although vaccines have the potential to improve animal health, safeguard agricultural productivity, and reduce antibiotic consumption and resulting resistance risks, targeted research and development investments and concerted efforts are needed to realize that potential.

Where to find the original material: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13567-018-0560-8; https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0560-8
Country: USA; UK; FR; BE; DE

323 Risk for the development of Antimicrobial Resistance AMR due to feeding of calves with milk containing residues of antibiotics (Research report – EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards – 2016)

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323 Research report – EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards – 2016 – Risk for the development of Antimicrobial Resistance AMR due to feeding of calves with milk containing residues of antibiotics

In Significant Impact Groups: Other
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young;
Summary:
This reports assess both the risk for the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to feeding on farm of calves with colostrum containing residues of antibiotics; and risk for the development of AMR due to feeding on farm of calves with milk of cows treated during lactation with an antibiotic and milked during the withdrawal period. It also proposes options to limit the risk of AMR derived from such practices. Treatment of dairy cows during the dry period and during lactation is common. Milk from cows receiving antimicrobial treatment during lactation contains residues during the treatment and withdrawal period, and this milk will lead to increased faecal shedding of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria by calves. A range of possible options exist for restricting the feeding of such milk to calves. b-Lactamases can reduce the concentration of b-lactams. Options to limit these bacteria in raw milk or colostrum are based on thermal inactivation.

Where to find the original material: https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4665; https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4665
Country: Not applicable (European Commission)

322 – Antimicrobial Resistance on Farms – A Review Including Biosecurity and the Potential Role of Disinfectants in Resistance Selection (Research paper – Davies – 2019)

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322 Research paper – Davies – 2019 – Antimicrobial Resistance on Farms_ A Review Including Biosecurity and the Potential Role of Disinfectants in Resistance Selection

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Other;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Efforts to limit antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on farms have mostly focused on control of the supply and use of antimicrobial drugs, plus husbandry measures to reduce infectious disease. In the United Kingdom and some other countries, substantial progress has been made recently against targets on agricultural antimicrobial drug use. However, resistant bacteria can persist and spread within and between premises despite declining or zero antimicrobial drug use. Reasons for this include: bacterial adaptations, horizontal transmission of genetic resistance determinants between bacteria, physical transfer of bacteria via movement (of animals, workers, and equipment), ineffective cleaning and disinfection, and co-selection of resistance to certain drugs by use of other antimicrobials, heavy metals, or biocides. Aspects of biosecurity have repeatedly been identified as risk factors for the presence of AMR on farm premises, but there are still large gaps in our understanding of the most important risk factors and the most effective interventions.

Where to find the original material: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1541-4337.12438; https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12438
Country: UK