303 – Antimicrobial Usage and -Resistance in Livestock – Where Should We Focus (Research paper – Magouras – 2017)Research paper – Magouras – 2017

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303 Research paper – Magouras – 2017 – Antimicrobial Usage and -Resistance in Livestock_ Where Should We Focus

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use; Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Different for different species
Summary:
Antimicrobials play a crucial role in animal health, animal welfare, and food-safety . However, a not yet quantifiable share of the burden of AMR is attributable to the use of antimicrobials in livestock production. Resistant bacteria can be introduced into the environment in many ways, such as the land application of livestock manure as fertilizer. Our understanding of AMR in livestock production is hampered by the lack of antimicrobial usage (AMU) data in many countries. AMR development and spread is driven by human behaviour, from the prescription of antimicrobials to infection prevention and control. This complexity necessitates the need for highly interdisciplinary research approaches, comprising humans, animals, and the wider environment. In line with the WHO global action plan on AMR, research should be prioritized toward understanding the social/behavioural drivers of AMU and AMR, establishing/improving systems to monitor AMU, and encouraging a holistic approach to AMR through the One-Health concept.
303 Research paper – Magouras – 2017 – Antimicrobial Usage and -Resistance in Livestock_ Where Should We Focus
Where to find the original material: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2017.00148/full; https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2017.00148
Country: CH

298 – Genetic determinism estimate for the mastitis resistance in Romanian buffalo (Research paper – Popa – 2017)

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298 Research paper – Popa – 2017 – Genetic determinism estimate for the mastitis resistance in Romanian buffalo

In Significant Impact Groups: Breeding for disease resistance or robustness \
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
The Romanian Buffalo numbers are decreasing and therefore it is very important to develop efficient breeding programs or active conservation to improve population for characters associated with these productions. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for milk somatic cells count. Also, this character could allow a selection of individuals in the direction of resistance to mastitis. A total 609 milk yield and associated data records, belonging to 87 females were analyzed for 7 lactations. Study has revealed the existence of a poor genetic determinism for somatic cell count and a high variability in connection to the number of lactations. Results indicate that environmental factors play a substantial role in genetic expression. So, the number of somatic cells must be exclusively an indicator of milk hygiene and not included in selection objective of buffaloes (resistance to mastitis).

Where to find the original material: https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20173233315;
Country: RO

297 – Dairy Cows Welfare Assessment in a Farm from South-Eastern Romania (Research paper – Furnaris – 2016)

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297 Research paper – Furnaris – 2016 – Dairy Cows Welfare Assessment in a Farm from South-Eastern Romania

In Significant Impact Groups: Housing and welfare
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:

The welfare level of dairy cows in a farm from the South-Eastern Romania was studied in a mixed house with the Austrian Animal Needs Index 35L/2000 system. A total of 26 welfare indicators were assessed in 5 areas: locomotion, social interactions, flooring, light and air, stockmanship. Analyzing the results, it could be noticed that the highest scored indicators were those within the Locomotion and Social interactions areas (as expected, considering the loose-system applied in the studied farm). The lowest scored areas were Flooring and Light and air, the critical indicators being light (uneven lighting and some low intensity values: 28-30 Lx) and outdoor areas cleanliness, resulting in poor animal cleanliness. Addressing this issue along with the cleanliness of the outdoor areas may improve the welfare level and may also increase the milk production.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210784316302741; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.09.081
Country: RO

286 KNMvD Guideline Antimicrobial use in dry cow therapy by KNMvD (Tools & Checklists)

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286 ToolsChecklists – KNMvD Guideline Antimicrobial use in dry cow therapy by KNMvD

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:
This first veterinary guideline in the Netherlands was written to provide the bovine practitioners in the Netherlands with advice about prescription and use of antimicrobials regarding drying off dairy cows with minimization of preventive use of antimicrobials due to (sub)clinical mastitis (KNMvD 2014).The guideline is in Dutch and was published on 4 November 2013 and was adopted by the board of the KNMvD on 10 January 2014.

Where to find the original material: https://www.knmvd.nl/richtlijn-antimicrobiele-middelen-bij-het-droogzetten-van-koeien/;
Country: Netherlands;

284 – Essential oils and aromatic plants in animal feeding – A European perspective – A review (Research paper – Franz – 2009)

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284 Research paper – Franz – 2009 – Essential oils and aromatic plants in animal feeding – a European perspective A review

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ Pre-/probiotics
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
In the last years there has been substantial interest on the use of aromatic herbs and essential oils as feed additives in animal nutrition. Significant antimicrobial effects of several essential oils and compounds against gut organisms in farm animals have been shown. Specific Escherichia coli strains could be controlled by in-feed application of carvacrol-rich essential oils, and the effect of some essential oil components against Clostridium perfringens and necrotic enteritis was confirmed in poultry. In ruminants, an improvement of the digestion was observed. Aromatic plants and essential oil compounds improve stability and palatability of animal feed and improved shelf-life and quality of animal products. The ‘growth-promoting effect’ of essential oils is not as evident. Nonetheless, the overall efficacy of essential oils and aromatic herbs, especially their impact on the health status and benefit of animals and humans (via the food chain) is encouraging further research and development in this field.

Where to find the original material: Essential oils and aromatic plants in animal feeding – a European perspective. A review. – Franz – 2010 – Flavour and Fragrance Journal – Wiley Online Library; https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1967
Country: TR; AT

283 – Antibiotic alternatives_ the substitution of antibiotics in animal husbandry (Research paper – Cheng – 2014)

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283 Research paper – Cheng – 2014 – Antibiotic alternatives_ the substitution of antibiotics in animal husbandry

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ New antibiotics
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
It is a common practice for decades to use of sub-therapeutic dose of antibiotics in food-animal feeds to prevent animals from diseases and to improve production performance in modern animal husbandry. Concerns over the increasing emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria have prompted efforts to develop so-called alternatives to antibiotics. This review summarizes recent development and perspectives of alternatives to antibiotics. The mechanism of actions, applications of the alternatives such as immunity modulating agents, bacteriophages and their lysins, antimicrobial peptides, pro-, pre-, and synbiotics, plant extracts, inhibitors targeting pathogenicity, and feeding enzymes are discussed. Lastly, the feasibility of these alternatives is analyzed. The conclusion is that these alternatives are not likely to replace antibiotics in animals in a foreseeable future. Therefore, prudent use of antibiotics and the establishment of scientific monitoring systems are the best and fastest way to limit the adverse effects of overuse of antibiotics.

Where to find the original material: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00217/full; https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00217
Country: CN

281 – Relationship Between Barn Hygiene and Lameness Prevalence in Thirty-Five Transylvanian Dairy Farms (Research paper – Popescu – 2010)

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281 Research paper – Popescu – 2010 – Relationship Between Barn Hygiene and Lameness Prevalence in Thirty- Five Transylvanian Dairy Farms

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \ Pathogen management
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
This study focuses on the relationship between hygiene and lameness prevalence in dairy cattle kept in tie-stall barns in Transylvania (Romania). The barns’ hygiene was assessed based on the body hygiene of the housed cattle. The prevalence of lameness was determined and the cleanliness of the two body areas of the cows in 35 dairy farms with tie-stall housing. A total of 2028 dairy cows were evaluated. The percentage of hygiene scores of 3 and 4 for the upper leg and flank was on average 41% and for the lower leg on average 33%, with significant differences between the hygiene of the two body areas. They found an association between leg hygiene and lameness, both with respect to lower leg hygiene and upper leg and flank hygiene. The obtained results showed that the poor hygiene of barn represents a risk factor associated to lameness prevalence in tied dairy cattle.

Where to find the original material: http://journals.usamvcluj.ro/index.php/veterinary/article/view/5956; http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:67:1:5956
Country: RO

280 – Medicinal Plants Based Products Tested on Pathogens Isolated from Mastitis Milk (Research paper – Pasca – 2017)

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280 Research paper – Pasca – 2017 – Medicinal Plants Based Products Tested on Pathogens Isolated from Mastitis Milk

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ New antibiotics
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
The search for alternative drugs based on plants has become a priority in livestock medicine. In this context, the main objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial effect of extracts and products of several plants on pathogens isolated from bovine mastitis. A total of eleven plant alcoholic extracts and eight plant-derived products were tested against 32 microorganisms from milk. The obtained results have shown an inhibition of bacterial growth for all tested plants, with better results for Evernia prunastri, Artemisia absinthium, and Lavandula angustifolia. Moreover, E. prunastri, Populus nigra, and L. angustifolia presented small averages of minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations. Among the plant-derived products, three out of eight have shown a strong anti-microbial effect comparable with the effect of florfenicol and enrofloxacin. These results suggest an important anti-microbial effect of these products on pathogens isolated from bovine mastitis with a possible applicability in this disease.

Where to find the original material: https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/9/1473; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22091473
Country: RO

279 – Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Microbial Pathogens Isolated From Calves With Respiratory Diseases (Research paper – Nadas – 2016)

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279 Research paper – Nadas – 2016 – Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Microbial Pathogens Isolated From Calves With Respiratory Diseases

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals; Targeted use of antibiotics
Species targeted: Dairy; Beef;
Age: Young;
Summary:
Respiratory disease are frequent in calves due to the weaning stress, transport and environmental changes. The aim of this study was isolate bacteria from 30 calves with respiratory disorders and test their antimicrobial susceptibility. Samples were collected from calves with respiratory disorders (nasal discharge) aged 6 to 9 weeks in 2 series, using sterile swabs. The study carried out on nasal discharge samples collected from calves with respiratory disorders and their antimicrobial profile testing led to the following conclusions: 1) Low susceptibility to Florfenicol is caused by previous treatments when this molecule was excessively used and without prior sensitivity testing. 2) Cefquinome may represent an emergency therapeutic antibiotic for respiratory infections in calves, but the administration should always be preceded by susceptibility testing of the isolates.

Where to find the original material: https://journals.usamvcluj.ro/index.php/veterinary/article/view/12151/0; https://doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:12151

Country: RO

278 A New Software Programme for Data Management in Dairy Farms (Research paper – Maciuc. 2015)

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278 Research paper – Maciuc – 2015 – A New Software Programme for Data Management in Dairy Farms

In Significant Impact Groups: Precision Livestock Farming & Early detection \
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
The current paper presents the original results regarding a software programme for production and reproduction data management in dairy farms, used also in the accounting department and in the genetic breeding of bovine herds. A management system database – SGBD – which assures the independence of logical correlations between dates and their minimum redundancy – was used for this purpose. This provided a fast development and a cost-effective use of application programmes for data exploring from a complex structure and also fast access to the dates, providing them a very good security. Therefore, SGBD is an assembly of programmes which allow the users to interact with a database, designed for large amounts of information, whose management requires not only a rigorous structure but also a rational access and processing. The programme called “C.O.P & R.G” addresses farmers and units dealing with accounting and improving the milk production of dairy cattle.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210784315001965; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaspro.2015.08.063
Country: RO