208 – Bacterial resistance to antibiotics – a threat to humanity (Research paper – Draghici – 2017)

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208 Research paper – Draghici – 2017 – Bacterial resistance to antibiotics – a threat to humanity

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Legislation and incentives Government
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
The concept of microbial resistance defines the ability of pathogens to survive and multiply in the presence of antibiotics. The resistant microorganisms are or become “tolerant” to antibiotics. The causes that led to this unprecedented situation are described here: releasing antimicrobials without prescription, unjustified prescription, failure to comply with the dosage, the use of antimicrobials with broad spectrum, prophylactic administration of antimicrobials, non-compliance with withdrawal periods after their administration to animals of economic interest, etc. The mechanisms of resistance occurrence are also described in this article: enzymatic inactivation, alteration or over-expression of the drug target, modification of metabolic pathways, reduced permeability or uptake, enhanced efflux. The role of International organizations such as OIE, WHO, FVO, HMA, EMA is also presented, along with a summary of the guidelines aiming to help national authorities of each state to develop its own strategies, leading to reducing the occurrence and spread of bacterial resistance.

Where to find the original material: https://agmv.ro/vol-27-nr-2-2017/;
Country: RO

205 – The prevalence of salmonlla serotypes in domestic and wild animals and their spatial distribution in Romania between 2015 and 2016 (Research paper – Neghirla – 2018)

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205 Research paper – Neghirla – 2018 – The prevalence of salmonella serotypes in domestic and wild animals and their spatial distribution in Romania between 2015 and 2016

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Disease/health
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
Salmonella are major worldwide zoonotic pathogens infecting a wide range of animal species as well as humans. This study investigates the prevalence of circulating Salmonella serotypes in domestic and wild animal species in Romania and the spatial distribution of Salmonella isolates at county level in the period 2015-2016. There were collected 2551 samples for the isolation and serotyping of Salmonella according to ISO 6579:2002/Amd 1:2007 protocol. The findings of this study show that 36 Salmonella serotypes were isolated in 1357 Salmonella-positive samples in 2015, and 28 serotypes in 1188 Salmonella-positive samples in 2016. One sample from pigeon and one from hen were negative in 2015, and one sample from pigeon and three samples from hen were negative in 2016. In order to reduce the prevalence of serotypes with major zoonotic potential, we recommend continuing collaboration of all the professionals involved in the security of the food chain.

Where to find the original material: https://agmv.ro/vol-28-nr-4-2018/; ISSN: 1220-3173
Country: RO

204 – Study regarding seasonal incidence of fluoroquinolons in cow raw milk and their relationship with somatic cells count (Research paper – Saraz – 2018)

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204 Research paper – Saraz – 2018 – Study regarding seasonal incidence of fluoroquinolons in cow raw milk and their relationship with somatic cells count

In Significant Impact Groups: Other
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
This study aimed to investigate the incidence of fluoroquinolone residues in raw cow milk and to evaluate the relationship between these residues and somatic cell count (SCC) value during summer and winter season. The study was carried out in the period May 2016 – June 2017, on 360 milk samples obtained from three farms from north-western Romania. The samples were analysed by LC-MS/MS method. Out of all samples, 67.50% of samples were positive for fluoroquinolone residues. The examined samples presented values below the recommended maximum residue limit (MRL). Enrofloxacin and its indicator residue, i.e. ciprofloxacin were the most frequently determined. The results of the study indicate that incidence of fluoroquinolone residues in winter season was higher than in summer. Also, SCC value was higher for milk samples with positive antibiotic residue. Our investigations denote that fluoroquinolones are frequently administered to the dairy cows despite of the EU and national recommendations.

Where to find the original material: https://agmv.ro/vol-28-nr-1-2018/;
Country: RO

202 – Prevalence of clinical mastitis in a dairy cows and their economic impact (Research paper – Casaru – 2016)

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202 Research paper – Casaru – 2016 – Prevalence of clinical mastitis in a dairy cows and their economic impact

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Disease/health
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of clinical mastitis in a dairy farm and the economic implications of this condition during 8 months. Based on the clinical signs, 37% of lactating cows were diagnosed with mastitis and 29 % of these shows relapse. The economic loss due to the compromised lactation and the medical treatment was amounted to almost 25000 Euro / 8 months. The results of the statistical study performed in this work raised an alarm and highlighted the need of introducing control programs, early diagnosis and mastitis prevention.

Where to find the original material: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0ba2/6c2d899ac93bf00e5701450b06d4fbcb133c.pdf; ISSN: 1314-8591
Country: RO

201 – Evaluation of antibiotic residue incidence in dairy milk and correlation with various milk quality parameters (Research paper – Saraz – 2017)

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201 Research paper – Saraz – 2017 – Evaluation of antibiotic residue incidence in dairy milk and correlation with various milk quality parameters

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:
The aim of this paper was to determine the presence or absence of antibiotic residues in dairy milk, to assess the most frequently encountered antibiotic classes and to establish a correlation between positive samples and various milk quality parameters: the somatic cell count (SCC), the total number of germs (TNG) as well as protein, fat and lactose in the samples included in the study. The research was carried out on a total number of 360 samples between 2016 and 2017 (10 samples of milk were taken each month from the three farms included in our experiments -farm A, farm B, farm C. The main classes of identified antibiotics were: fluoroquinolones, macrolides, tetracyclines and quinolones. In 11 samples, the presence of antibiotic residues was detected above the maximum admissible limit. In positive samples, the number of somatic cells as well as the total number of germs increased.

Where to find the original material: https://agmv.ro/vol-27-nr-4-2017/;
Country: RO

194 Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli Enterococcus spp and the Major Foodborne Pathogens in Calves in Latvia (Research paper – Terentjeva, 2019)

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194 Research paper – Terentjeva – 2019 – Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli Enterococcus spp and the Major Foodborne Pathogens in Calves in Latvia

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Disease/health
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young;
Summary:
In this study 180 samples collected from 18 Latvian farms, to detect the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Campylobacter spp. Among all, 64% E. coli, 100% Enterococcus faecalis and 96% Enterococcus faecium isolates were resistant at least to one antibiotic. The prevalence of extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC-positive E. coli were 11.1%. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli were the most resistant to tetracycline and fluoroquinolones. Prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 0.6% and S. aureus 1.7%. Farm size, bought calves, contact with other calves, and antimicrobial treatment of cows were associated with increased prevalence of resistant E. coli and Enterococcus spp. Despite low usage of antimicrobials in Latvia, high rates of antimicrobial resistance in fecal indicators and Campylobacter, combined with high prevalence of ESBL-positive E. coli, show the necessity for the prudent use of antimicrobials in dairy farms in Latvia.

Where to find the original material: https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/fpd.2018.2523; https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2018.2523
Country: LV

193 Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in meat and meat products in Latvia (Research paper – Terentjeva, 2017)

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193 Research paper – Terentjeva – 2017 – Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in meat and meat products in Latvia

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Disease/health
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
This study reports the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates from meat in Latvia. A total of 3,152 samples of raw and ready-to-eat (RTE) meats were collected during the official control and in-house control procedures in 2015. The prevalence of Salmonella was 0.8%. The highest prevalence (1.5%) of Salmonella was found in minced meat and meat preparations, while the lowest (0%) in frozen meat and meat preparations and RTE meats. Most common were S. Typhimurium (36%) and S. Derby (32%). In total, 62% of Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Altogether, 40% of isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole, 25% to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin and 20% to tetracycline. S. Typhimurium exhibited antimicrobial resistance more often (than other Salmonella serovars). The study shows that the presence of Salmonella in meat and the high prevalence of resistant strains, is a significant public health related issue in Latvia.

Where to find the original material: http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/yadda/element/bwmeta1.element.agro-52cbc8f7-4a27-4d96-840c-816425ab6e94; https://doi.org/10.5604/12321966.1235180
Country: LV

188 Contribution of sociology to the study of the decrease of antimicrobial use on farms (Research paper – Ducrot, 2018)

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188 Research paper – Ducrot – 2018 – Contribution of sociology to the study of the decrease of antimicrobial use on farms

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
The implementation of the EcoAntibio plan aimed at reducing the risks of antibiotic resistance has led to a strong mobilization of the various partners in the cattle breeding and agricultural profession in the cattle industry. Actions have been carried out at different scales and research work conducted, particularly in the human and social sciences. In addition to possible technical actions, social, psychological and economic factors influence decisions to prescribe and administer antibiotics. This article provides an overview of the work that is investigating the role of these factors in the choice to reduce antibiotic use in livestock production, at the level of the farmer, in his relationship with the veterinarian and livestock advisors, and more broadly in its professional and economic environment.

Where to find the original material: https://productions-animales.org/article/view/2395; https://doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2018.31.4.2395
Country: FR: CA; US

187 Use of natural products as alternatives to antibiotic feed additives in ruminant production (Research paper – Jouany, 2007)

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187 Research paper – Jouany – 2007 – Use of _natural_ products as alternatives to antibiotic feed additives in ruminant production

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ Pre-/probiotics; Feed / gut health
Species targeted: Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
The banning in 2006 of the use of antibiotics as animal growth promoters in the European Union has increased demand from producers for alternative feed additives that can be used to improve animal production. This review gives an overview of the most common non-antibiotic feed additives already being used or that could potentially be used in ruminant nutrition. Probiotics, dicarboxylic acids, enzymes and plant-derived products including saponins, tannins and essential oils are presented. The known modes of action and effects of these additives on feed digestion and more especially on rumen fermentations are described. Their utility and limitations in field conditions for modern ruminant production systems and their compliance with the current legislation are also discussed.

Where to find the original material: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/animal/article/use-of-natural-products-as-alternatives-to-antibiotic-feed-additives-in-ruminant-production/B553FEADEDDA5BF470E70710C7B45038; https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731107000742
Country: France

184 GLOBAL REPOSITORY OF AVAILABLE GUIDELINES FOR RESPONSIBLE USE OF ANTIMICROBIALS IN ANIMAL HEALTH by World Veterinary Association and OIE (Industry Innovation)

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184 Industry Innovation – GLOBAL REPOSITORY OF AVAILABLE GUIDELINES FOR RESPONSIBLE USE OF ANTIMICROBIALS IN ANIMAL HEALTH by World Veterinary Association and OIE

Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian; AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Different for different species;
Summary:
In the context of promoting prudent use of antimicrobials under veterinary supervision, the World Veterinary Association (WVA) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) conducted in 2018 a survey in order to create a global repository of available guidelines for responsible use of antimicrobials in animal health. This resource contains a list of 120 guidelines, action plans and promotional material on prudent use of antimicrobials, covering large number of countries, languages, veterinary aspects and animal species. Access to these guidelines shall serve veterinarians and other health professionals to identify best practices for antimicrobials use in animal health and to fight the development of antimicrobial resistance.

Where to find the original material: http://worldvet.org/news.php?item=417;
Country: International