122 A survey of visitors on Swedish livestock farms with reference to the spread of animal diseases (Research paper; Noremark, 2013)

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122 Research paper – Noremark – 2013 – A survey of visitors on Swedish livestock farms with reference to the spread of animal diseases

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \External biosecurity
Species targeted: Pigs; Dairy; Sheep;
Age: Different for different species;
Summary: Visitors may contribute to the spread of contagious animal diseases, and knowledge about such contacts is essential for contingency planning. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and types of visitors on farms with cloven-hoofed animals in Sweden and to analyse whether there were differences in the number of visitors attributable to region, season, and type of herd. Veterinarians, AI-technicians, animal transporters and neighbours were often in direct contact with the animals or entered the stables and 8.8% of the repairmen were also in direct contact with animals, which was unexpected. The Swedish livestock farms survey concluded that the number of visitors that may be more likely to spread diseases between farms was associated with animal species and herd size.
Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3848732/; https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-9-184
Country: Sweden

 

121 Antimicrobial Stewardship in Food Animals in Canada_ Progress on Recommendations and Stakeholder Activities by National Farmed Animal Health and Welfare Council (Industry Innovation)

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121 Industry Innovation – Antimicrobial Stewardship in Food Animals in Canada_ Progress on Recommendations and Stakeholder Activities by National Farmed Animal Health and Welfare Council

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Summary: This report details the collaborative and joined up approach to the challenge of AMR and the support needed for the continuous development of antimicrobial stewardship in food production in Canada. This 2019 update reflects on the Canadian One Health strategy based around the pillars of Surveillance, Infection prevention and control, Stewardship and Research & Innovation and evaluates what progress has been made against the recommendations. The Council has galvanised many parts of the industry to act within their sectors as well as respond to changing policy around the manufacture, import, purchase and licensing of certain drugs. The report goes into detail about how each recommendation has been acted upon and the developments within each region of Canada.
Where to find the original material:

https://www.amstewardship.ca/antimicrobial-stewardship-in-food-animals-in-canada-progress-on-recommendations-and-stakeholder-activities/
Country: CA

118 FAAST- Farmed Animal Antimicorbial Stewardship Veterinary Reference Manual by ACER Consulting and Ontario Veterinary Medical Association ( Industry Innovation)

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118 Industry Innovation – FAAST- Farmed Animal Antimicorbial Stewardship Veterinary Reference Manual by ACER Consulting and Ontario Veterinary Medical Association

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Legislation and incentives Government Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Summary:

The Canadian government has developed a One Health strategy to address AMR across the country. Veterinarians are key to antimicrobial stewardship and are advised to use the 5 Rs: Responsibility Reduction Refinement Replacement Review There have been several policy changes in Canada in recent years (2018-2019) pertaining to the prescription and purchasing of antimicrobials due to the ease in which some antimicrobials were available without a prescription for purchase by animal owners. Animal owners will no longer be able to import medication for use on their own animals and they will need to purchase antimicrobials from a veterinarian/pharmacy/feed mill within Canada. Additionally, a valid VCPR (Vet-Client-Patient-Relationship) must be established prior to a veterinarian providing services to a client/their animal. Health Canada is also increasing its oversight of medically important antimicrobial Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) for veterinary use, including their import/manufacture/distribution. The federal changes now require all importers/ manufacturers etc. of APIs for veterinary use to obtain a license, comply with industry guidelines and report sales to Government annually. Furthermore, there will no longer be growth promotion claims on drug products containing medically important antimicrobials (MIAs).

www.amstewardship.ca;

Country: CA

116 Information note on antibiotic resistance and the responsible use of antibiotics in farm animals by RUMA (Industry Innovation)

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116 Industry Innovation – INFORMATION NOTE ON ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND THE RESPONSIBLE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN FARM ANIMALS by RUMA

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Antibiotic use Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Summary:
The Responsible Use of Medicines in Agriculture Alliance (RUMA) is an alliance of over 26 industry organisations representing every stage of food production from “farm to fork”. See www.ruma.org.uk/about/ruma-members for full list of current member organisations. RUMA aims to promote a co-ordinated and integrated approach to best practice in the use of medicines for farm animals. RUMA provides free guidance to farmers and vets on the responsible and effective use of medicines in agriculture. Responsible use of antibiotics on farms means using antibiotics as little as possible and as much as necessary. Regardless of the farming system, the focus for improved animal husbandry should include improved biosecurity practices and on-going vet and farmer training on disease prevention and the responsible use of antibiotics.

https://www.ruma.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/RUMA-NOTE-ON-AMR-AND-THE-RESPONSIBLE-USE-OF-ANTIBIOTICS-IN-FARM-ANIMALS-Final-updated-130420-1;
Country: UK

113 Position Statement – Veterinary Stewardship of the Responsible Use of Antimicrobial Drugs in Animals by CVO (Industry Innovation)

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113 Industry Innovation – Position Statement – Veterinary Stewardship of the Responsible Use of Antimicrobial Drugs in Animals by CVO

113 Industry Innovation
Position Statement – Veterinary Stewardship of the Responsible Use of Antimicrobial Drugs in Animals
by CVO
In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Different for different species
Summary: The authority to prescribe drugs is a privilege that is afforded to few professions. The increase in antimicrobial resistance has placed an even higher societal duty on the veterinary profession to act as stewards with respect to the prudent and responsible use of antimicrobial drugs. Every veterinarian has a valuable role to play in the effort to combat antimicrobial resistance and to preserve the effectiveness of antimicrobial drugs and their availability for both veterinary and human use. As part of good stewardship, the College Veterinarians in Ontario expects a veterinarian to assume an active leadership role by ensuring his or her understanding of the need for antimicrobial oversight, the existing government directives, the evolving science related to pharmaceuticals, and the most appropriate current use of antimicrobial drugs with a specific species. A veterinarian must only prescribe antimicrobial drugs within a veterinarian-client-patient relationship and where strong clinical evidence demonstrates medical need.

https://cvo.org/CVO/media/College-of-Veterinarians-of-Ontario/Resources%20and%20Publications/Position%20Statements%20and%20Guidelines/AMRPositionStatement.pdf;

Country: CA

111 Prophylactic and metaphylactic antimicrobial use in Belgian fattening pig herds (Research paper; Callens, 2012)

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111 Research paper – Callens – 2012 – Prophylactic and metaphylactic antimicrobial use in Belgian fattening pig herds

111 Research paper
Prophylactic and metaphylactic antimicrobial use in Belgian fattening pig herds
by Callens, B., Persoons, D., Maes, D., Laanen, M., Postma, M., Boyen, F., Haesebrouck, F., Butaye, P., Catry, B. and J. Dewulf. 2012 Preventive Veterinary Medicine 106: 53-62
In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary: The guidelines for prudent use of antimicrobials are not yet implemented in Belgium. Between January and October 2010 data antimicrobial use was collected retrospectively on 50 closed pig herds. An overall higher use of prophylactic antimicrobial group level therapy was recorded in 2010 compared to 2003. This shift was marked by a partial yet substantial replacement of older, orally administered compounds by new injectable long acting products. The most frequently used antimicrobials orally applied to groups of pigs were colistin (30.7%), amoxicillin (30.0%), trimethoprim-sulfonamides (13.1%), doxycycline (9.9%) and tylosin (8.1%). The most frequently applied injectable antimicrobials were tulathromycin (45.0%), long acting ceftiofur (40.1%) and long acting amoxicillin (8.4%). Injectable products were generally overdosed (79.5%), whereas oral treatments were often under dosed (47.3%). In conclusion, this study shows that preventive group treatment was applied in 98% of the visited herds and often includes the use of critically important and broad-spectrum antimicrobials.

Country: BE

110 Presence of Antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in sows are risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in their offspring (Research paper; Callens, 2015)

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110 Research paper – Callens – 2015 – Presence of Antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in sows are risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in their offspring

110 Research paper
Presence of Antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in sows are risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in their offspring
by Callens, B., Faes, C., Maes, D., Catry, B., Boyen, F., Francoys, D., de Jong, E., Haesebrouck, F. and J. Dewulf. 2015 Microbial Drug Resistance 21: 50-58
In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary: This study investigated the association between presence of resistant E. coli bacteria (apparently healthy) sows had an effect on increased resistance in E. coli bacteria in piglets. Sixty sows from three herds and three of their piglets were sampled at several time points. Antimicrobial usage data during parturition and farrowing were collected. Results show that antimicrobial resistance in piglets was influenced by antimicrobial use in sows and piglets and by the sow resistance level. In conclusion, the current results suggest that sows act as a reservoir for their newborns and that the administration of antimicrobial agents to sows during lactation is a risk factor for the persistence of resistant E. coli not solely for the sows, both also for their newborn. Also, the administration of antimicrobials in the piglets also leads to increase of resistant bacteria in the piglets during lactation.
110 Research paper – Callens – 2015 – Presence of Antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in sows are risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in their offspring
Country: BE

108 Guidance on the Selection of Appropriate Indicators for Quantification of Antimicrobial Usage in Humans and Animals (Research paper; Collineau, 2016)

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108 Research paper – Collineau – 2016 – Guidance on the Selection of Appropriate Indicators for Quantification of Antimicrobial Usage in Humans and Animals

108 Research paper
Guidance on the Selection of Appropriate Indicators for Quantification of Antimicrobial Usage in Humans and Animals by Collineau, L., Belloc, C., Stärk, K.D., Hémonic, A., Postma, M., Dewulf, J. and C. Chauvin. 2016 Zoonoses and public health 64: 165-184
In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef;
Summary: To quantify antimicrobial usage various types of measures are available. These are here referred to as indicators of antimicrobial use. These range from sales, deliveries or reimbursement data in human and veterinary medicine. Still, results can differ substantially depending on the method used. The best way to select the appropriate indicators of antimicrobial usage, is important to first determine the objective of the study. If the goal is compare groups (or populations), it is preferable to use standard parameters. However, to measure exposure it is better to use actual (non-standardized) parameters. There are several issues associated with the choice of indicators for antimicrobial use. These are further discussed in this article.

Where to find the original material: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/zph.12298; https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12298

Country: FR

107 Impact of slurry and manure management on the degradation of antibiotics (Research paper; Levasseur, 2015)

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107 Research paper – Levasseur- 2015 – Impact of slurry and manure management on the degradation of antibiotics

107 Research paper
Impact of slurry and manure management on the degradation of antibiotics
by Levasseur, P. and A. Hémonic. 2015 Cahiers de l’IFIP 2: 27-48
In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Young; Adult; Different for different species;
Summary: Research shows that the antibiotics most often found in livestock manure are tetracyclines, sulphonamides, macrolides, quinolones and fluoroquinolones. These will later on end up and which end up in the environment. This paper reviews the ways in which antibiotics can be removed during the main possibilities of slurry management: from administration to the animal to the soil after spreading. Animals discharge 30–90% of administered antibiotics unchanged or as active metabolites. During storage, most antibiotics form complexes with soluble organic matter and remain fairly stable. After spreading, soil can have some protective effect. Treatment processes can remove antibiotics, especially composting. Wastewater treatment by activated sludge and anaerobic digestion can also reduce antibiotic contamination. In order to estimate the real risk of resistance, is is still necessary to link these results with the occurrence of resistant bacteria and genes in various compartments (livestock manure, water and soil).
Country: FR

106 Reliable estimation of antimicrobial use and its evolution between 2010 and 2013 in French swine farms (Research paper; Hemonic, 2018)

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106 Research paper – Hemonic – 2018 – Reliable estimation of antimicrobial use and its evolution between 2010 and 2013 in French swine farms

106 Research paper
Reliable estimation of antimicrobial use and its evolution between 2010 and 2013 in French swine farms
by Hémonic, A., Chauvin, C., Delzescaux, D., Verliat, F. and I. Corrégé
2018 Porcine Health Management 4: 11p.
In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary: The French swine industry and the national authorities have been very focused om reducing the use of antimicrobials in swine production since 2010. A retrospective study on a representative sample of at least 150 farms has provided detailed information on the 2010 and 2013 antimicrobial use in the French swine farms. The results shows a strong and significant decrease in antimicrobial use in pigs between 2010 and 2013, which comply with the national target of 25% reduction by 2017. These results reflect that swine production professionals are very aware to the antimicrobial reduction objectives, and are the result of pre-2012 voluntary measures, such as the limitation on the use of 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins.
Country: FR