295 – A systemic integrative framework to describe comprehensively a swine health system Flanders as an example (Research paper – Rojo-Gimeno – 2018)

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295 Research paper – Rojo-Gimeno – 2018 – A systemic integrative framework to describe comprehensively a swine health system Flanders as an example

In Significant Impact Groups: Other
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
The objective of this study was understand the complexity of a swine health system. To that end, qualitative interviews were held with 33 relevant stakeholders in Flanders. Findings show the Flemish swine health system features coordinates well policies and sector’s agreements to reduce the antimicrobial use in the pig sector and is adequately complemented with good education of health professionals. However, the lack of an adequate professional representation of swine veterinarians, the tradition that veterinary advice is provided for ‘free’ by feed companies, and the shortage of reliable farm productivity data are problems. Furthermore, often the business model used by veterinarians is based on the sale of medicines. This leads to conflicts of interest on preventive vaccinations advice and, in turn, farmers distrust their advice. The results of this study can aid policy makers to anticipate the effects of proposed interventions and regulations, leading to better estimates of their effectiveness.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587717307687; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.02.017
Country: BE

294 – Oral administration of synthetic porcine beta-defensin-2 improves growth performance and cecal microbial flora and down-regulates the expression of intestinal toll-like receptor-4 and inflammatory cytokines in weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (Research paper – Tang – 2016)

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294 Research paper – Tang – 2016 – Oral administration of synthetic porcine beta-defensin-2 improves growth performance and cecal microbial flora and down-regulates the expression of intesti

In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health \ Feed additives and supplements; Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
Synthetic porcine beta-defensin-2 (pBD-2) was tested as an alternative to antimicrobial growth-promoters in pig production. Thirty 21-day weaned piglets were challenged with Escherichia coli, and orally dosed with either sterile water (CON), pBD-2 (BD) or neomycin sulphate (NS) twice daily for 21 days. Therefore, pBD-2 has antimicrobial activity in piglets, and it can improve growth performance, reduce inflammatory cytokine expression and affect intestinal morphological indices in the same way as probiotics. Moreover, pBD-2 has a more positive effect on intestinal morphological indices and intestinal probiotics of piglets than does NS. Therefore, the present results suggest that pBD-2 may be a suitable replacement for NS in piglets.

Where to find the original material: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/asj.12540; https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.12540
Country: CN

293 – Effects of dietary hop beta-acids or colistin on the performance nutrient digestibility and intestinal health of weanling pigs (Research paper – Sbardella – 2016)

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293 Research paper – Sbardella – 2016 – Effects of dietary hop beta-acids or colistin on the performance nutrient digestibility and intestinal health of weanling pigs

In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health \ Feed additives and supplements; Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
This study evaluated the effects of hop (Humulus lupulus) beta-acids or colistin on several parameters, namely body weight (BW), Average feed intake (ADFI) Average daily gain (ADG), gain:feed ratio (G:F). Two hundred 21-d weaned pigs fed diets supplemented with 0 (negative control), 120, 240, or 360 mg/kg hop beta-acids, or with 40 mg/kg colistin (antimicrobial control) during a 35-d experiment. Increasing dietary levels of hop beta-acids improved linearly BW, ADG, G:F,and digestibility in weanling pigs. The colistin treatment improved BW, ADG, and G:F compared to the negative control. No difference in growth performance was observed between hop beta-acids levels and colistin. Overall, the occurrence of diarrhea was lower for colistin, negative control, and 360 mg/kg hop beta-acids than for other levels. In conclusion, dietary hop beta-acids concentrations up to 360 mg/kg improved weanling pig growth rate by affecting the efficiency of feed utilization, as well as observed for colistin.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377840116301420; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.04.007
Country: BR

292 – How Does Reviewing the Evidence Change Veterinary Surgeons Beliefs Regarding the Treatment of Ovine Footrot – A Quantitative and Qualitative Study (Research paper – Higgins – 2013)

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292 Research paper – Higgins – 2013 – How Does Reviewing the Evidence Change Veterinary Surgeons Beliefs Regarding the Treatment of Ovine Footrot_ A Quantitative and Qualitative Study

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals Other
Species targeted: Sheep;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
The aims of this research were to see how veterinary surgeons’ beliefs regarding effectiveness of two treatments for footrot changed following a review of the evidence. There was considerable variety in veterinary surgeons’ beliefs before they listened to a review of the evidence. After hearing the evidence, seven participants quantifiably changed their beliefs. The results suggest that a substantial amount of the variation in beliefs related to differences in veterinary surgeons’ knowledge of the evidence. Two key findings from the qualitative data were: (i) veterinary surgeons believed that farmers are unlikely to actively seek advice on lameness, suggesting a proactive veterinary approach is required (ii) more attention could be given to improving the way in which veterinary advice is delivered to farmers. In summary this study has revealed that the evidence that currently exists can change veterinary opinion and improved transfer of research knowledge into veterinary practice is needed.

Where to find the original material: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0064175; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064175
Country: UK

291 – Looking after the individual to reduce disease in the flock – A binomial mixed effects model investigating the impact of individual sheep management (Research paper – Green – 2007)

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291 Research paper – Green – 2007 – Looking after the individual to reduce disease int he flock_ A binomial mixed effects model investigating the impact of individual sheep management of in

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals Euthanasia/culling; Breeding for disease resistance or robustness
Species targeted: Sheep;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
A total of 160 ewes on one farm in England were studied for 18 months. Cases of footrot and interdigital dermatitis in individually identified sheep and treatment and flock control measures were recorded. In this one flock, cases of footrot and interdigital dermatitis were linked and associated with trimming of feet. They were also negatively associated with the use of antibiotics and topical antibiotic sprays in either the first +/- second 2-week period. These results suggest 1) that ‘footrot and interdigital dermatitis are infectious diseases that can be controlled, in part, through the use of antibiotics, which acts to reduce the infectious period of diseased sheep’ and 2) that ‘routine trimming of diseased and healthy feet increase disease, through environmental contamination +/- through increased susceptibility of sheep with recently trimmed feet’.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587706002078; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2006.09.005
Country: UK

290 – The Five Point Plan – A successful tool for reducing lameness in sheep (Research paper – Clements – 2014)

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290 Research paper – Clements – 2014 – The Five Point Plan_ a successful tool for reducing lameness in sheep

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals Euthanasia/culling; AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Sheep;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Lameness constitutes a major animal welfare and economic challenge across the sheep sector, costing an estimated £24 million to the UK industry. The high volume of antibiotic currently used to tackle the estimated 9 million lameness cases that occur annually in the UK is also concerning. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an achievable farm-level solution, the Five Point Plan, to reduce lameness levels to FAWC targets. The Five Point Plan has five action points that support the animal in three different ways: building resilience, reducing disease challenge and establishing immunity. It was then implemented on a UK sheep farm over a four-year study period (2009–2013). Lameness prevalence across the study flock was measured monthly by a single observer using a simple 6-point locomotion score. The results show that lameness reduction is achievable within a relatively short time scale but does require long-term commitment in order to sustain success.

Where to find the original material: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263294503_The_’Five_Point_Plan’_A_successful_tool_for_reducing_lameness_in_sheep; https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.102161
Country: UK

288 – Effects of dietary allicin on health and growth performance of weanling piglets and reduction in attractiveness of faeces to flies (Research paper – Huang – 2010)

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288 Research paper – Huang – 2010 – Effects of dietary allicin on health and growth performance of weanling piglets and reduction in attractiveness of faeces to flies

In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health \ Feed additives and supplements
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
The effect of allicin on health and growth performance of weanling piglets was investigated at 21 days of age. Two hundred and twenty-five piglets were weaned and allocated into five groups. Piglets in the control group were fed diets supplemented with antibiotics. In the treatment groups pigs were fed diets without antibiotics, but supplemented with allicin product (25% pure allicin oil) with 0.10 g/kg, 0.15 g/kg, 0.20 g/kg and 0.25 g/kg in the diet, respectively. After 28 days, the average daily weight gain increased as the level of dietary allicin increased; whereas feed gain ratio, the incidence of diarrhoea in the treatment piglets decreased (especially female piglets) and the number of flies on the surface of the faeces decrease with increased allicin. In conclusion, diets with allicin may improve growth performance, reduce the incidence of diarrhoea and improve their local environmental conditions due to lower number of flies.

Where to find the original material: https://europepmc.org/article/med/22440775; https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731110001953
Country: CN; US

287 – Use of a micro-encapsulated eucalyptus-medium chain fatty acids product as an alternative to zinc oxide and antibiotics (Research paper – Han – 2011)

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287 Research paper – Han – 2011 – Use of a micro-encapsulated eucalyptus-medium chain fatty acids product as an alternative to zinc oxide and antibiotics

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ New antibiotics; Feed / gut health
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
The effects of eucalyptus-medium chain fatty acids (E-MCFAs), zinc oxide (ZnO), and antibiotics on performance, nutrient digestibility, and serum chemistry parameters of were studied in nursery pigs. Three experiments were conducted. Recently weaned pigs, were given five treatments consisting of a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with antibiotics (33 mg per kg tiamulin and 44 mg per kg lincomycin), ZnO (1500 or 2500 mg per kg), or 0.1% E-MCFAs (Experiments One and Two). In Experiment Three, 1% diatomaceous earth was added and the negative control was not used. In all three experiments, performance of pigs fed the four supplemented diets did not differ. Digestibility was higher in the diet supplemented with E-MCFAs than in diets supplemented with ZnO or antibiotics. This study indicates eucalyptus-MCFAs can be successfully used as a growth promoter in diets fed to nursery pigs.

Where to find the original material: https://www.aasv.org/shap/issues/v19n1/v19n1p34.html;
Country: KR, CA

286 KNMvD Guideline Antimicrobial use in dry cow therapy by KNMvD (Tools & Checklists)

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286 ToolsChecklists – KNMvD Guideline Antimicrobial use in dry cow therapy by KNMvD

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:
This first veterinary guideline in the Netherlands was written to provide the bovine practitioners in the Netherlands with advice about prescription and use of antimicrobials regarding drying off dairy cows with minimization of preventive use of antimicrobials due to (sub)clinical mastitis (KNMvD 2014).The guideline is in Dutch and was published on 4 November 2013 and was adopted by the board of the KNMvD on 10 January 2014.

Where to find the original material: https://www.knmvd.nl/richtlijn-antimicrobiele-middelen-bij-het-droogzetten-van-koeien/;
Country: Netherlands;

285 – Effect of Brazilian red pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) essential oil on performance diarrhea and gut health of weanling pigs (Research paper – Gois – 2016)

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285 Research paper – Gois – 2016 – Effect of Brazilian red pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) essential oil on performance diarrhea and gut health of weanling pigs

In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health \ Feed additives and supplements; Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary Brazilian red pepper essential oil and an antimicrobial agent on weanling pig growth performance, diarrhea, pH of the digestive content, small intestine cells, and intestine microbial counts. Ninety weanling castrated male pigs were given five treatments: a diet supplemented with 0 (negative control), 500, 1000, and 1500mg/kg Brazilian red pepper essential oil vs with 120mg/kg chlorohydroxyquinoline (antibiotic). Treatments had no effect on growth performance, diarrhea occurrence, pH of the digestive content, gut mucosa and intestinal microbial counts of weanling pigs. However, pigs fed the diet containing 500mg/kg essential oil had thicker gut mucosa than those fed diets containing the antibiotic or 1000 and 1500 mg/ kg essential oil. Thus, Brazilian red pepper essential oil and the antibiotic are of limited benefit for enhancing the growth of weanling pigs. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of growth enhancer additives may be reduced in non-challenging situations.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871141315300354; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2015.11.009
Country: BR