110 Presence of Antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in sows are risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in their offspring (Research paper; Callens, 2015)

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110 Research paper – Callens – 2015 – Presence of Antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in sows are risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in their offspring

110 Research paper
Presence of Antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in sows are risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in their offspring
by Callens, B., Faes, C., Maes, D., Catry, B., Boyen, F., Francoys, D., de Jong, E., Haesebrouck, F. and J. Dewulf. 2015 Microbial Drug Resistance 21: 50-58
In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary: This study investigated the association between presence of resistant E. coli bacteria (apparently healthy) sows had an effect on increased resistance in E. coli bacteria in piglets. Sixty sows from three herds and three of their piglets were sampled at several time points. Antimicrobial usage data during parturition and farrowing were collected. Results show that antimicrobial resistance in piglets was influenced by antimicrobial use in sows and piglets and by the sow resistance level. In conclusion, the current results suggest that sows act as a reservoir for their newborns and that the administration of antimicrobial agents to sows during lactation is a risk factor for the persistence of resistant E. coli not solely for the sows, both also for their newborn. Also, the administration of antimicrobials in the piglets also leads to increase of resistant bacteria in the piglets during lactation.
110 Research paper – Callens – 2015 – Presence of Antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in sows are risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in their offspring
Country: BE

109 A Bayesian micro-simulation to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of interventions for mastitis control during the dry period in UK dairy herds (Research paper; Down, 2016)

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109 Research paper – Down – 2016 – A Bayesian micro-simulation to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of interventions for mastitis control during the dry period in UK dairy herds

109 Research paper
A Bayesian micro-simulation to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of interventions for mastitis control during the dry period in UK dairy herds
by Down, P.M., Bradley, A.J., Breen, J.E., Browne, W.J., Kypraios, T. and M.J. Green
2016 Preventive Veterinary Medicine 133: 64-72
In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ Other Pathogen management
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary: It is still unknown which type of interventions will reduce the risk of getting mastitis in the dry period, particularly with regard to cost-effectiveness. This study has gathered data from 77 UK dairy farms that participated in a British mastitis control programme during 2009–2012, with most intramammary infections being acquired during the dry period. The data contained clinical mastitis (CM) and somatic cell count (SCC) records, herd management practices and details of interventions that were implemented by the farmer as part of the control plan. Interventions identified as being cost-effective in most circumstances included selecting dry-cow therapy at the cow level, dry-cow rations formulated by a qualified nutritionist, use of individual calving pens, first milking cows within 24 h of calving and spreading bedding evenly in dry-cow yards. These results can be used to optimize decision making in mastitis control.
Country: UK

108 Guidance on the Selection of Appropriate Indicators for Quantification of Antimicrobial Usage in Humans and Animals (Research paper; Collineau, 2016)

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108 Research paper – Collineau – 2016 – Guidance on the Selection of Appropriate Indicators for Quantification of Antimicrobial Usage in Humans and Animals

108 Research paper
Guidance on the Selection of Appropriate Indicators for Quantification of Antimicrobial Usage in Humans and Animals by Collineau, L., Belloc, C., Stärk, K.D., Hémonic, A., Postma, M., Dewulf, J. and C. Chauvin. 2016 Zoonoses and public health 64: 165-184
In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef;
Summary: To quantify antimicrobial usage various types of measures are available. These are here referred to as indicators of antimicrobial use. These range from sales, deliveries or reimbursement data in human and veterinary medicine. Still, results can differ substantially depending on the method used. The best way to select the appropriate indicators of antimicrobial usage, is important to first determine the objective of the study. If the goal is compare groups (or populations), it is preferable to use standard parameters. However, to measure exposure it is better to use actual (non-standardized) parameters. There are several issues associated with the choice of indicators for antimicrobial use. These are further discussed in this article.

Where to find the original material: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/zph.12298; https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12298

Country: FR

107 Impact of slurry and manure management on the degradation of antibiotics (Research paper; Levasseur, 2015)

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107 Research paper – Levasseur- 2015 – Impact of slurry and manure management on the degradation of antibiotics

107 Research paper
Impact of slurry and manure management on the degradation of antibiotics
by Levasseur, P. and A. Hémonic. 2015 Cahiers de l’IFIP 2: 27-48
In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Young; Adult; Different for different species;
Summary: Research shows that the antibiotics most often found in livestock manure are tetracyclines, sulphonamides, macrolides, quinolones and fluoroquinolones. These will later on end up and which end up in the environment. This paper reviews the ways in which antibiotics can be removed during the main possibilities of slurry management: from administration to the animal to the soil after spreading. Animals discharge 30–90% of administered antibiotics unchanged or as active metabolites. During storage, most antibiotics form complexes with soluble organic matter and remain fairly stable. After spreading, soil can have some protective effect. Treatment processes can remove antibiotics, especially composting. Wastewater treatment by activated sludge and anaerobic digestion can also reduce antibiotic contamination. In order to estimate the real risk of resistance, is is still necessary to link these results with the occurrence of resistant bacteria and genes in various compartments (livestock manure, water and soil).
Country: FR

106 Reliable estimation of antimicrobial use and its evolution between 2010 and 2013 in French swine farms (Research paper; Hemonic, 2018)

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106 Research paper – Hemonic – 2018 – Reliable estimation of antimicrobial use and its evolution between 2010 and 2013 in French swine farms

106 Research paper
Reliable estimation of antimicrobial use and its evolution between 2010 and 2013 in French swine farms
by Hémonic, A., Chauvin, C., Delzescaux, D., Verliat, F. and I. Corrégé
2018 Porcine Health Management 4: 11p.
In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary: The French swine industry and the national authorities have been very focused om reducing the use of antimicrobials in swine production since 2010. A retrospective study on a representative sample of at least 150 farms has provided detailed information on the 2010 and 2013 antimicrobial use in the French swine farms. The results shows a strong and significant decrease in antimicrobial use in pigs between 2010 and 2013, which comply with the national target of 25% reduction by 2017. These results reflect that swine production professionals are very aware to the antimicrobial reduction objectives, and are the result of pre-2012 voluntary measures, such as the limitation on the use of 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins.
Country: FR

104 Biosecurity-Based Interventions and Strategies To Reduce Campylobacter spp on Poultry farms (Research paper; Newell, 2006)

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104 Research paper -Newell-2006-Biosecurity – Based Interventions and Strategies To Reduce Campylobacter spp on Poultry farms

104 Research paper
Biosecurity-Based Interventions and Strategies To Reduce Campylobacter spp. on Poultry Farms
by Newell, D.G., Elvers, K.T., Dopfer, D., Hansson, I., Jones, P., James, S., Gittins, J., Stern, N.J., Davies, R., Connerton, I. and D. Pearson
2006 Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77: 8605–8614
In Significant Impact Groups:
Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary: The prevention and control of Campylobacter in poultry flocks are important public health strategies for the control of human campylobacteriosis. A critical review of the literature on interventions to control Campylobacter in poultry on farms was undertaken using a systematic approach. Multiple electronic databases were employed to search the literature, in any language, from 1980 to September 2008. Many of these studies gathered had poor design, sampling, and statistical analysis. The evidence for each potential source and route of transmission on the poultry farm was reviewed and the options for intervention were considered. The review concluded that biosecurity on conventional broiler farms can frequently be enhanced and this should contribute to the reduction of flock colonization. However, non-biosecurity-based approaches will also be required in the future to maximize the reduction of Campylobacter-positive flocks at the farm level.
Country: UK; SE; FR

103 Surveillance of cattle health in the Netherlands – Monitoring trends and developments using routinely-collected cattle census data (Research paper; Santman-Berends et al., 2016)

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103 Research paper – Santman-Berends – 2016 – Surveillance of cattle health in the Netherlands – Monitoring trends and developments using routinely collected cattle census data

103 Research paper
Surveillance of cattle health in the Netherlands: Monitoring trends and developments using routinely collected cattle census data
by Santman-Berends, I.M.G.A., Brouwer-Middelesch, H., Van Wuijckhuise, L., de Bont-Smolenaars, A.J.G. and G. Van Schaik
2016 Preventive Veterinary Medicine 134: 103-112
In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young;Adult;
Summary: A national cattle health surveillance system (CHSS) has been in place in the Netherlands since 2002. This system consists of several surveillance components: enhanced passive reporting, diagnostic test results and post-mortem exams, random surveys for prevalence estimation of endemic diseases and quarterly data analysis. This data-analysis component [Trend Analysis Surveillance Component(TASC)] aims to monitor trends and developments in cattle health using routine census data. The key monitoring indicators that are analysed as part of TASC all relate to cattle health and involve parameters such as mortality, fertility, udder health and antimicrobial usage. The challenges and lessons learned from developing this tool are discussed in this article. The TASC also allows to visualize trends in time, can be used to support or highlight signals that are detected in one of the other surveillance components and can provide warnings or initiate changes in policy when unfavorable trends in cattle health occur.
Where to find the original material:
Country: NL

102 Prudent and efficient use of antimicrobials in pigs and poultry (Research report; Magnusson et al., 2019))

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102 Research report – Magnusson – 2019 – Prudent and efficent use of antimicrobials in pigs and poultry by Magnusson, U.; Sternberg, S.; Eklund, G. and A. Rozstalnyy. 2019 FAO Animal Production and Health manual 23: 44p

Where to find the original material: https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/ca6729en/
Country: IT

Summary: This manual focuses on prevention of infections and prudent use of antibiotics in the pig and poultry sectors, the livestock sectors that generally have the highest use of antibiotics. It should be regarded as a practical complement to national governance and regulatory measures. The manual is aimed to help using antibiotics in a prudent and medically efficient way without loss in productivity. It is especially targeted to farmers with commercialized medium- or large-scale production, veterinarians and other animal health personnel who are dealing with pigs and poultry. In general, the principles and practices described here are universally useful and may be applied elsewhere.Several elements are highlighted namely: gradually stopping growth promotion and preventive use of antibiotics, minimizing use of critical important antimicrobials (CIAs) for humans, limiting antibiotic use without prescription, moving toward treating individuals animals (avoiding group treatments) and disposing of used and expired antibiotics in a proper way.

501 No zinc and no antibiotics in pig management (Industry Innovation)

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Industry Innovation

No zinc and no antibiotics in pig management by Peter McKenzie

In Significant Impact Group(s): Feed / gut health; Feed additives and supplements

Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Outcome Parameter(s): more good live pigs; more heavier pigs 4 weeks post weaning

Summary: In this paper McKenzie shares his journey with the impact of E.coli on pig management – eventually without antibiotic and zinc oxide use.

After years of veterinary practice, he came to the following regime that results in more good live pigs and heavier pigs at 4 weeks post weaning with minimal or zero injectable antibiotic and no need for zinc oxide:

  • Attention to detail
  • All-in-all-out and hygiene
  • Quality weaner diet consisting of
    o Less than 18.5% protein;
    o European programme of coated butyric, formic and citric acid and Baccilus PB6
    o Korean programme of Algal immune stimulant.

The programme is usually cheaper than Zinc plus some antibiotics. Some farmers have been on the programme for over a year with success. Remove ZnO gently – if management is not as good as expected, and you have a very pathogenic E. coli, then E.coli may triumph over lack of ZnO.

Country: AU (Australia)

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99 The importance of databases to manage the phenomenon of resistance to antimicrobials for veterinary use (Research paper; Moruzi, 2019)

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99 Research paper – Moruzi – 2019 – The importance of databases to manage the phenomenon of resistance to antimicrobials for veterinary use

99 Research paper
The importance of databases to manage the phenomenon of resistance to antimicrobials for veterinary use by Moruzi, R.F.; Tîrziu, E.; Muselin, F.; Dumitrescu, E.; Huțu, I.; Mircu, C.; Tulcan, C.; Doma, A.O.; Degi, J.; Degi, D. M.; Boboc, M. G.; Chirilă, A. B.; Iancu, I.; Bărăităreanu, S. and R.T. Cristina
2019 Revista Română de Medicină Veterinară 29: 40-57
in Significant Impact Group(s): AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance \ Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Summary: This article presents the most important organizations and institutes responsible for monitoring antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antibiotic consumption in humans and animals. In both the human health and veterinary sector, databases and surveillance systems are becoming more complex but also more complete, as a result of recently made extensive studies on AMR. This paper presents an aggregated database that includes all the sources mentioned and books. This report also presents data on extent and implications of the AMR, and on the importance of databases and monitoring of AMR. Finally, the relations between monitoring organization which are involved in the global fight against AMR are also reviewed.
99 Research paper – Moruzi – 2019 – The importance of databases to manage the phenomenon of resistance to antimicrobials for veterinary use
Where to find the original material:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338556216_The_importance_of_databases_to_manage_the_phenomenon_of_resistance_to_antimicrobials_for_veterinary_usehttp://agmv.ro/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/40_57_Moruzi_RT-Cristina_18_compressed.pdf;
Country: RO