199 – Antibiotic sensitivity profile of E. Coli isolates from poultry flocks (Research paper – Burtan – 2019)

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199 Research paper – Burtan – 2019 – Antibiotic sensitivity profile of e. Coli isolates from poultry flocks

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Disease/health
Species targeted: Poultry;
Summary:
Aim of this study was to determine of the antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli strains from flocks belonging to a unit integrated consumer egg production. For that purpose, E. coli strains isolated from colibacillosis outbreaks or obtained by routine surveillance were tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Samples were divided into four categories: breeding of light breeds, incubation, youth and laying hens. Isolated strains were resistant to spectinomicin, flumequin, erythromycin, trimethoprim, oxytetracycline, ampicillin, amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, doxicillin and sensitive to fosfomycin +tylosin, ceftiofur, lincomycin + spectinomycin, colistin, gentamycin, florfenicol and neomycin. As a conclusion, even though antibiotics are used to a lesser extent in chicken flocks for egg consumption compared to poultry meat production, this study found the resistance of E. coli strains to different antibiotics and multi-drug resistant strains were identified as well.

Where to find the original material: https://agmv.ro/vol-29-nr-1-2019-2/; ISSN: 1220-3173
Country: RO

198 – Reduced use of antimicrobials after vaccination of pigs against porcine proliferative enteropathy in a Danish SPF herd (Research paper – Bak – 2009)

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198 Research paper – Bak – 2009 – Reduced use of antimicrobials after vaccination of pigs against porcine proliferative enteropathy in a Danish SPF herd

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Pathogen management
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
The present study explored whether the use of group medication with antibiotics in a Danish pig herd was reduced after vaccination of the pigs against proliferative enteropathy (PE) caused by Lawsonia intracellularis. 7900 pigs originating from a single commercial sow herd were vaccinated against L. intracellularis, whereas 7756 pigs were kept as non-vaccinated controls. The pigs were included batch-wise in the study with every second batch being vaccinated. In the vaccinated batches, the consumption of oxytetracykline to treat PE was reduced by 79%, with a significantly lower number of pigs being treated. Vaccination also resulted in a highly significant improvement of average daily weight gain (+ 46 g/day) and carcass weight (+ 1.25 kg) as well as a shortened fattening period (-8 days).

Where to find the original material: https://actavetscand.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1751-0147-51-1; https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-51-1
Country: DK

197 – A register-based study on associations between vaccination antimicrobial use and productivity in conventional Danish finisher pig herds (Research report – Brinch – 2019)

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197 Research report – Brinch – 2019 – A register-based study on associations between vaccination antimicrobial use and productivity in conventional Danish finisher pig herds

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Pharmaceuticals; Pathogen management
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
Vaccination has been suggested as a strategy to prevent disease and minimise the need for antimicrobial treatments. The aim of this study was to assess the associations between data on vaccination, productivity and AMU in Danish finisher herds over a 4-year period. Finisher herds (N = 40–62) with register data on productivity (i.e. average daily weight gain, feed conversion rate, mortality and lean meat percentage) and data on prescriptions of antimicrobials measured in Animal Daily Doses/100 finishers/day as well as the proportion of parenteral AMU treatments out of all treatments (AMU-ratio) were included. Vaccination against PRRS and higher AMU for finishers were associated with increased lean meat percentage. Vaccination against PCV2, PRRS and APP were associated with higher levels of AMU, and vaccination against Lawsonia with a higher AMU-ratio. This may be explained as some farmers preferring to take action soon after observing disease problems.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587718304574; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.01.007
Country: DK

195 Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Campylobacter spp Isolated from Broiler Chicken Meat of Estonian Latvian and Lithuanian Origin at Estonian Retail (Research paper – Maesaar, 2016)

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195 Research paper – Maesaar- 2016 – Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Campylobacter spp Isolated from Broiler Chicken Meat of Estonian Latvian and Lithuanian Origin at Estonian Retail

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Disease/health
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
This study shows that antimicrobial susceptibility results indicate that the use of antimicrobial agents, particularly fluoroquinolones, in Estonian broiler chicken production has been reduced during recent years. This can be associated with the policies in restrictive use of antimicrobials implemented by the European Commission in 2006. Resistances to one or more antimicrobials occurred significantly less frequently in the products of Estonian origin than in the products of Latvian and Lithuanian origin available at Estonian retail. It was found that problems caused by the inappropriate use of antimicrobials extend beyond the country in which a food originates; therefore, the origin of broiler chicken meat may pose different risks for human population.

Where to find the original material: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/zph.12208; https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12208
Country: EE; LV; FI; LT

194 Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli Enterococcus spp and the Major Foodborne Pathogens in Calves in Latvia (Research paper – Terentjeva, 2019)

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194 Research paper – Terentjeva – 2019 – Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli Enterococcus spp and the Major Foodborne Pathogens in Calves in Latvia

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Disease/health
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young;
Summary:
In this study 180 samples collected from 18 Latvian farms, to detect the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Campylobacter spp. Among all, 64% E. coli, 100% Enterococcus faecalis and 96% Enterococcus faecium isolates were resistant at least to one antibiotic. The prevalence of extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC-positive E. coli were 11.1%. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli were the most resistant to tetracycline and fluoroquinolones. Prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 0.6% and S. aureus 1.7%. Farm size, bought calves, contact with other calves, and antimicrobial treatment of cows were associated with increased prevalence of resistant E. coli and Enterococcus spp. Despite low usage of antimicrobials in Latvia, high rates of antimicrobial resistance in fecal indicators and Campylobacter, combined with high prevalence of ESBL-positive E. coli, show the necessity for the prudent use of antimicrobials in dairy farms in Latvia.

Where to find the original material: https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/fpd.2018.2523; https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2018.2523
Country: LV

193 Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in meat and meat products in Latvia (Research paper – Terentjeva, 2017)

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193 Research paper – Terentjeva – 2017 – Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in meat and meat products in Latvia

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Disease/health
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
This study reports the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates from meat in Latvia. A total of 3,152 samples of raw and ready-to-eat (RTE) meats were collected during the official control and in-house control procedures in 2015. The prevalence of Salmonella was 0.8%. The highest prevalence (1.5%) of Salmonella was found in minced meat and meat preparations, while the lowest (0%) in frozen meat and meat preparations and RTE meats. Most common were S. Typhimurium (36%) and S. Derby (32%). In total, 62% of Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Altogether, 40% of isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole, 25% to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin and 20% to tetracycline. S. Typhimurium exhibited antimicrobial resistance more often (than other Salmonella serovars). The study shows that the presence of Salmonella in meat and the high prevalence of resistant strains, is a significant public health related issue in Latvia.

Where to find the original material: http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/yadda/element/bwmeta1.element.agro-52cbc8f7-4a27-4d96-840c-816425ab6e94; https://doi.org/10.5604/12321966.1235180
Country: LV

192 Campylobacter species and their antimicrobial resistance in Latvian broiler chicken production (Research paper – Kovaļenko, 2014)

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192 Research paper – Kovaļenko – 2014 – Campylobacter species and their antimicrobial resistance in Latvian broiler chicken production

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Disease/health
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
In the present study Campylobacter species and their antimicrobial resistance in Latvian broiler chicken production was determined. Furthermore, this is the first report on the antimicrobial resistance patterns for Campylobacter isolates from broiler chickens at slaughterhouse and retail level in Latvia. Two biggest Latvian broiler chicken meat producing company products were included in the study. Altogether, 74 randomly selected broiler chicken Campylobacter spp. isolates were analyzed. Resistance to one or more antimicrobials was detected in all 58 bacteria identified (isolates). A very high proportion of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid. Multidrug resistance, which was determined as resistance to three or more unrelated antimicrobials, was detected in 67.2% of the bacteria identified. Moreover, all multiresistant bacteria were resistant to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid. Analyses of Campylobacter isolates from two Latvian broiler chicken meat producing companies resulted with significant differences in Campylobacter species.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956713514002552; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.05.009
Country: LV; EE; FI

191 A Comparison of Pig Farmers and Veterinarians Perceptions and Intentions to Reduce Antimicrobial Usage in Six European Countries (Research paper – Visschers, 2016)

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191 Research paper – Visschers – 2016 – A Comparison of Pig Farmers and Veterinarians Perceptions and Intentions to Reduce Antimicrobial Usage in Six European Countries

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Farmer; AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
To manage the antimicrobial (AM) resistance problem, the usage of AM should be reduced in pig farming, as well as in other areas. A mail survey among pig farmers (N = 1,294) and an online survey among veterinarians (N = 334) was done in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland. The results showed that farmers and veterinarians had similar perceptions of the risks and benefits of AM usage. Veterinarians were more optimistic than pig farmers about reducing AM usage in pig farming. Farmers believed that their efficacy over AM reduction was relatively high. Farmers’ intention to reduce AM usage and veterinarians’ self-reported reduction behaviors were connected with factors concerning the feasibility of reducing AM usage. To promote prudent AM usage, pig farmers should learn and experience how to reduce usage by applying alternative measures, whereas veterinarians should strengthen their advisory role and competencies to support and educate farmers.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26890125; https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12260
Country: BE; CH; DK; SE; FR, DE

190 Higher perceived risks of antimicrobial use are related to lower usage among pig farmers in four European countries (Research paper – Visschers, 2016)

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190 Research paper – Visschers – 2016 – Higher perceived risks of antimicrobial use are related to lower usage among pig farmers in four European countries

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Farmer; AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
It is important to understand pig farmers’ motivators and the barriers to antimicrobial usage (AMU) on their farms. Pig farmers’ self-estimated levels of AMU, their perceived benefits, risks and the need for antimicrobials were studied in a cross-sectional survey in Belgium, France, Germany and Sweden. These perceptions were compared between the four countries and related them to pig farmers’ actual AMU. Results showed that farmers using more antimicrobials also estimated their own usage as higher. Farmers perceived many benefits but few risks of AMU in pig farming. Some significant cross-country differences in farmers’ perceptions were found, but they were relatively small. Country differences as well as perceived risks of antimicrobials served to predict farmers’ actual AMU. Promoting prudent AMU should focus on the structural differences in pig farming and veterinary medicine among countries. In addition, interventions aiming at reducing AMU should increase farmers’ awareness of the risks of extensive AMU.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27553605; https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.103844
Country: BE; SE; CH; FR; DE

189 Perceptions of antimicrobial usage antimicrobial resistance and policy measures to reduce antimicrobial usage (Research paper – Visschers, 2015)

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189 Research paper – Visschers – 2015 – Perceptions of antimicrobial usage antimicrobial resistance and policy measures to reduce antimicrobial usage

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Farmer; AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
A survey of pig farmers (N = 281) was performed in Belgium, France, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland. Generally, farmers perceived their own antimicrobial usage as lower than that of their fellow countrymen and lower than or similar to that of farmers from other countries. Farmers were significantly more worried about financial/legal issues than about antimicrobial resistance. Further, farmers who worried about antimicrobial resistance and estimated their antimicrobial usage as lower than their fellow countrymen, perceived more impact from policy measures on antimicrobial reduction. Results indicated that the same policy measures can be applied to reduce antimicrobial usage in pig farming in all five countries. Moreover, increasing pig farmers’ awareness of the threat of antimicrobial resistance and its relation to antimicrobial usage is worth investing into; not only because pig farmers were not worried about antimicrobial usage but also because it affected farmers’ perception of policy measures to reduce antimicrobial usage.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25684036; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.01.018
Country: SE; CH; BE; DE; FR