194 Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli Enterococcus spp and the Major Foodborne Pathogens in Calves in Latvia (Research paper – Terentjeva, 2019)

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194 Research paper – Terentjeva – 2019 – Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli Enterococcus spp and the Major Foodborne Pathogens in Calves in Latvia

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Disease/health
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young;
Summary:
In this study 180 samples collected from 18 Latvian farms, to detect the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Campylobacter spp. Among all, 64% E. coli, 100% Enterococcus faecalis and 96% Enterococcus faecium isolates were resistant at least to one antibiotic. The prevalence of extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC-positive E. coli were 11.1%. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli were the most resistant to tetracycline and fluoroquinolones. Prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 0.6% and S. aureus 1.7%. Farm size, bought calves, contact with other calves, and antimicrobial treatment of cows were associated with increased prevalence of resistant E. coli and Enterococcus spp. Despite low usage of antimicrobials in Latvia, high rates of antimicrobial resistance in fecal indicators and Campylobacter, combined with high prevalence of ESBL-positive E. coli, show the necessity for the prudent use of antimicrobials in dairy farms in Latvia.

Where to find the original material: https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/fpd.2018.2523; https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2018.2523
Country: LV

193 Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in meat and meat products in Latvia (Research paper – Terentjeva, 2017)

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193 Research paper – Terentjeva – 2017 – Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in meat and meat products in Latvia

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Disease/health
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
This study reports the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates from meat in Latvia. A total of 3,152 samples of raw and ready-to-eat (RTE) meats were collected during the official control and in-house control procedures in 2015. The prevalence of Salmonella was 0.8%. The highest prevalence (1.5%) of Salmonella was found in minced meat and meat preparations, while the lowest (0%) in frozen meat and meat preparations and RTE meats. Most common were S. Typhimurium (36%) and S. Derby (32%). In total, 62% of Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Altogether, 40% of isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole, 25% to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin and 20% to tetracycline. S. Typhimurium exhibited antimicrobial resistance more often (than other Salmonella serovars). The study shows that the presence of Salmonella in meat and the high prevalence of resistant strains, is a significant public health related issue in Latvia.

Where to find the original material: http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/yadda/element/bwmeta1.element.agro-52cbc8f7-4a27-4d96-840c-816425ab6e94; https://doi.org/10.5604/12321966.1235180
Country: LV

192 Campylobacter species and their antimicrobial resistance in Latvian broiler chicken production (Research paper – Kovaļenko, 2014)

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192 Research paper – Kovaļenko – 2014 – Campylobacter species and their antimicrobial resistance in Latvian broiler chicken production

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Disease/health
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
In the present study Campylobacter species and their antimicrobial resistance in Latvian broiler chicken production was determined. Furthermore, this is the first report on the antimicrobial resistance patterns for Campylobacter isolates from broiler chickens at slaughterhouse and retail level in Latvia. Two biggest Latvian broiler chicken meat producing company products were included in the study. Altogether, 74 randomly selected broiler chicken Campylobacter spp. isolates were analyzed. Resistance to one or more antimicrobials was detected in all 58 bacteria identified (isolates). A very high proportion of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid. Multidrug resistance, which was determined as resistance to three or more unrelated antimicrobials, was detected in 67.2% of the bacteria identified. Moreover, all multiresistant bacteria were resistant to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid. Analyses of Campylobacter isolates from two Latvian broiler chicken meat producing companies resulted with significant differences in Campylobacter species.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956713514002552; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.05.009
Country: LV; EE; FI

191 A Comparison of Pig Farmers and Veterinarians Perceptions and Intentions to Reduce Antimicrobial Usage in Six European Countries (Research paper – Visschers, 2016)

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191 Research paper – Visschers – 2016 – A Comparison of Pig Farmers and Veterinarians Perceptions and Intentions to Reduce Antimicrobial Usage in Six European Countries

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Farmer; AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
To manage the antimicrobial (AM) resistance problem, the usage of AM should be reduced in pig farming, as well as in other areas. A mail survey among pig farmers (N = 1,294) and an online survey among veterinarians (N = 334) was done in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland. The results showed that farmers and veterinarians had similar perceptions of the risks and benefits of AM usage. Veterinarians were more optimistic than pig farmers about reducing AM usage in pig farming. Farmers believed that their efficacy over AM reduction was relatively high. Farmers’ intention to reduce AM usage and veterinarians’ self-reported reduction behaviors were connected with factors concerning the feasibility of reducing AM usage. To promote prudent AM usage, pig farmers should learn and experience how to reduce usage by applying alternative measures, whereas veterinarians should strengthen their advisory role and competencies to support and educate farmers.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26890125; https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12260
Country: BE; CH; DK; SE; FR, DE

190 Higher perceived risks of antimicrobial use are related to lower usage among pig farmers in four European countries (Research paper – Visschers, 2016)

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190 Research paper – Visschers – 2016 – Higher perceived risks of antimicrobial use are related to lower usage among pig farmers in four European countries

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Farmer; AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
It is important to understand pig farmers’ motivators and the barriers to antimicrobial usage (AMU) on their farms. Pig farmers’ self-estimated levels of AMU, their perceived benefits, risks and the need for antimicrobials were studied in a cross-sectional survey in Belgium, France, Germany and Sweden. These perceptions were compared between the four countries and related them to pig farmers’ actual AMU. Results showed that farmers using more antimicrobials also estimated their own usage as higher. Farmers perceived many benefits but few risks of AMU in pig farming. Some significant cross-country differences in farmers’ perceptions were found, but they were relatively small. Country differences as well as perceived risks of antimicrobials served to predict farmers’ actual AMU. Promoting prudent AMU should focus on the structural differences in pig farming and veterinary medicine among countries. In addition, interventions aiming at reducing AMU should increase farmers’ awareness of the risks of extensive AMU.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27553605; https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.103844
Country: BE; SE; CH; FR; DE

189 Perceptions of antimicrobial usage antimicrobial resistance and policy measures to reduce antimicrobial usage (Research paper – Visschers, 2015)

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189 Research paper – Visschers – 2015 – Perceptions of antimicrobial usage antimicrobial resistance and policy measures to reduce antimicrobial usage

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Farmer; AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
A survey of pig farmers (N = 281) was performed in Belgium, France, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland. Generally, farmers perceived their own antimicrobial usage as lower than that of their fellow countrymen and lower than or similar to that of farmers from other countries. Farmers were significantly more worried about financial/legal issues than about antimicrobial resistance. Further, farmers who worried about antimicrobial resistance and estimated their antimicrobial usage as lower than their fellow countrymen, perceived more impact from policy measures on antimicrobial reduction. Results indicated that the same policy measures can be applied to reduce antimicrobial usage in pig farming in all five countries. Moreover, increasing pig farmers’ awareness of the threat of antimicrobial resistance and its relation to antimicrobial usage is worth investing into; not only because pig farmers were not worried about antimicrobial usage but also because it affected farmers’ perception of policy measures to reduce antimicrobial usage.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25684036; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.01.018
Country: SE; CH; BE; DE; FR

188 Contribution of sociology to the study of the decrease of antimicrobial use on farms (Research paper – Ducrot, 2018)

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188 Research paper – Ducrot – 2018 – Contribution of sociology to the study of the decrease of antimicrobial use on farms

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
The implementation of the EcoAntibio plan aimed at reducing the risks of antibiotic resistance has led to a strong mobilization of the various partners in the cattle breeding and agricultural profession in the cattle industry. Actions have been carried out at different scales and research work conducted, particularly in the human and social sciences. In addition to possible technical actions, social, psychological and economic factors influence decisions to prescribe and administer antibiotics. This article provides an overview of the work that is investigating the role of these factors in the choice to reduce antibiotic use in livestock production, at the level of the farmer, in his relationship with the veterinarian and livestock advisors, and more broadly in its professional and economic environment.

Where to find the original material: https://productions-animales.org/article/view/2395; https://doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2018.31.4.2395
Country: FR: CA; US

187 Use of natural products as alternatives to antibiotic feed additives in ruminant production (Research paper – Jouany, 2007)

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187 Research paper – Jouany – 2007 – Use of _natural_ products as alternatives to antibiotic feed additives in ruminant production

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ Pre-/probiotics; Feed / gut health
Species targeted: Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
The banning in 2006 of the use of antibiotics as animal growth promoters in the European Union has increased demand from producers for alternative feed additives that can be used to improve animal production. This review gives an overview of the most common non-antibiotic feed additives already being used or that could potentially be used in ruminant nutrition. Probiotics, dicarboxylic acids, enzymes and plant-derived products including saponins, tannins and essential oils are presented. The known modes of action and effects of these additives on feed digestion and more especially on rumen fermentations are described. Their utility and limitations in field conditions for modern ruminant production systems and their compliance with the current legislation are also discussed.

Where to find the original material: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/animal/article/use-of-natural-products-as-alternatives-to-antibiotic-feed-additives-in-ruminant-production/B553FEADEDDA5BF470E70710C7B45038; https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731107000742
Country: France

186 Scoring biosecurity in European conventional broiler production (Research paper – Van Limbergen, 2018)

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186 Research paper – Van Limbergen – 2018 – Scoring biosecurity in European conventional broiler production

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
The aim of this study was to measure biosecurity on conventional broiler farms in Europe, following a standardized procedure, and identify factors that can be improved. The current study used a risk-based weighted scoring system to assess the level of biosecurity on 399 conventional broiler farms in 5 EU member states. A possible relation between biosecurity and farm characteristics was investigated. The participating broiler farms scored better for internal biosecurity than for external biosecurity. There was variation between biosecurity scores for the different member states. Within external biosecurity, the subcategory related to “infrastructure and vectors” had the highest score, while the subcategory “visitors and staff” had the lowest. Within internal biosecurity, the subcategory “disease management” had the highest score. Internal biosecurity was inversely related to the number of employees and farm size. Results show better education of broiler farmers and their staff may help to improve biosecurity on broiler farms.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29077940; http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pex296
Country: BE; FI; ES; PL; CY

185 Quantitative and qualitative antimicrobial usage patterns infarrow-to-finish pig herds in Belgium France Germany and Sweden (Research paper – Sjolund, 2016)

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185 Research paper – Sjolund – 2016 – Quantitative and qualitative antimicrobial usage patterns infarrow-to-finish pig herds in Belgium France Germany and Sweden

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
The aim of this study was to compare antimicrobial usage for pigs by age category, antimicrobial class and administration route for farrow-to-finish herds in four EU countries. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 227 farrow-to-finish pig herds in Belgium, France, Germany and Sweden. The Swedish herds had the lowest and the German herds the highest overall use. Most treatments were applied to weaned piglets except in the Swedish herds (with more frequent treatment of suckling piglets). Antimicrobials were most often applied through feed or water except in the Swedish herds where parenteral treatments were most frequent. Aminopenicillins was the antimicrobial class most commonly used. Belgian herd use of third and fourth generation cephalosporins was higher compared to the other countries. In summary, there were large differences in antimicrobial use for pigs between countries, herds and age groups in farrow-to-finish herds of similar size.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27435645; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.06.003
Country: BE; SE; FR; DE; CH