449 – Effect of welfare standards and biosecurity practices on antimicrobial use in beef cattle (Research report – Diana – 2020)

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449 Research report – Diana – 2020 – Effect of welfare standards and biosecurity practices on antimicrobial use in beef cattle

449 Research report
Effect of welfare standards and biosecurity practices on antimicrobial use in beef cattle by Diana, A., Lorenzi, V., Penasa, M., Magni, E., Alborali, G. L., Bertocchi, L., & De Marchi, M. 2020 Scientific Reports 10: 13-Jan
In Significant Impact Groups: Housing and welfare \ Weaning age and management; Biosecurity
Species targeted: Beef;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
This study aimed to investigate the impact of welfare standards and biosecurity on AMU in beef cattle. Data on performance traits and AMU were collected over a 3.5 year time from 27 specialised beef farms and a treatment incidence was calculated using the defined daily dose for animals. An on-farm assessment was carried out. The highest average score was obtained for the welfare section (76%) followed by emergency management (39%) and biosecurity (24%). This suggests that major focus on strategies for the implementation of biosecurity measures and emergency management is needed, due to the low scores reported. A statistically significant lower AMU was observed with improved level of welfare. These results may be helpful for farm benchmarking and highlight the importance of improved animal welfare for an efficient antimicrobial stewardship
449 Research report – Diana – 2020 – Effect of welfare standards and biosecurity practices on antimicrobial use in beef cattle
Where to find the original material: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33262402/; 10.1038/s41598-020-77838-w
Country: IT

448 – Pharming animals_ a global history of antibiotics in food production 1935–2017 (Research paper – Kirchhelle – 2018)

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448 Research paper – Kirchhelle – 2018 – Pharming animals_ a global history of antibiotics in food production 1935–2017

448 Research paper
Pharming animals: a global history of antibiotics in food production (1935–2017) by Kirchhelle, C. 2018 Palgrave Communications 4: 13-Jan
In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Other;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
From the mid-1950s onwards, agricultural antibiotic use also triggered increasing conflicts about drug residues and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Significantly, antibiotic concerns did not develop evenly but instead gave rise to an international patchwork of different regulatory approaches. During a time of growing concerns about AMR and a post-antibiotic age, this article reconstructs the origins, global proliferation, and international regulation of agricultural antibiotics. It argues that policymakers need to remember the long history of regulatory failures that has resulted in current antibiotic infrastructures. For effective international stewardship to develop, it is necessary to address the economic dependencies, deep-rooted notions of development, and fragmented cultural understandings of risk, which all contribute to drive global antibiotic consumption and AMR.
448 Research paper – Kirchhelle – 2018 – Pharming animals_ a global history of antibiotics in food production 1935–2017
Where to find the original material: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-018-0152-2; 10.1057/s41599-018-0152-2
Country: Global

447 – Antimicrobial use and resistance in swine waste treatment systems (Research paper – Jindal – 2006)

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447 Research paper – Jindal – 2006 – Antimicrobial use and resistance in swine waste treatment systems

447 Research paper
Antimicrobial use and resistance in swine waste treatment systems by Jindal, A., Kocherginskaya, S., Mehboob, A., Robert, M., Mackie, R. I., Raskin, L., & Zilles, J. L. 2006 Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72: 7813-7820
In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \  Precision Livestock Farming & Early detection
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Chlortetracycline and the macrolide tylosin were identified as commonly used antimicrobials for growth promotion and prophylaxis in swine production. Resistance to these antimicrobials was measured throughout the waste treatment processes at five swine farms by culture-based and molecular methods. Conventional farm samples had the highest levels of resistance with both culture-based and molecular methods and had similar levels of resistance despite differences in antimicrobial usage. The levels of resistance in organic farm samples, where no antimicrobials were used, were very low by a culture-based method targeting fecal streptococci. The levels of tetracycline and MLSB resistance remained high throughout the waste treatment systems, suggesting that the potential impact of land application of treated wastes and waste treatment by-products on environmental levels of resistance should be investigated further.
447 Research paper – Jindal – 2006 – Antimicrobial use and resistance in swine waste treatment systems
Where to find the original material: https://aem.asm.org/content/72/12/7813; 10.1128/AEM.01087-06
Country: US

446 – Veterinary students knowledge and perceptions about antimicrobial stewardship and biosecurity—a national survey (Research paper – Hardefeldt – 2018)

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446 Research paper – Hardefeldt – 2018 – Veterinary students knowledge and perceptions about antimicrobial stewardship and biosecurity—a national survey

446 Research paper
Veterinary students’ knowledge and perceptions about antimicrobial stewardship and biosecurity—a national survey by Hardefeldt, L., Nielsen, T., Crabb, H., Gilkerson, J., Squires, R., Heller, J., … Browning, G. 2018 Antibiotics 7: 15-Jan
In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Other;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
A better understanding of veterinary students’ perceptions, attitudes, and knowledge about antimicrobial stewardship and biosecurity could facilitate more effective education of future veterinarians about these important issues. A multicenter cross-sectional study was performed by administering a questionnaire to veterinary students expected to graduate in 2017 or 2018 in all Australian veterinary schools. Many students were unaware of the high importance of some veterinary drugs to human medicine, specifically enrofloxacin and cefovecin. Fewer than 10% of students would use appropriate personal protective equipment in scenarios suggestive of Q fever or psittacosis. Efforts need to be made to harmonize preclinical and clinical teaching, and greater emphasis is needed on appropriate biosecurity and antimicrobial stewardship.
446 Research paper – Hardefeldt – 2018 – Veterinary students knowledge and perceptions about antimicrobial stewardship and biosecurity—a national survey
Where to find the original material: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/7/2/34; 10.3390/antibiotics7020034
Country: AT

445 – Sewage sludge and liquid pig manure as possible sources of antibiotic resistant bacteria (Research paper – Hölzel – 2010)

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445 Research paper – Hölzel – 2010 – Sewage sludge and liquid pig manure as possible sources of antibiotic resistant bacteria

445 Research paper
Sewage sludge and liquid pig manure as possible sources of antibiotic resistant bacteria
by Hölzel, C. S., Schwaiger, K., Harms, K., Küchenhoff, H., Kunz, A., Meyer, K., … Bauer, J. (2010). 2010 Environmental Research 110: 318-326
In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
In this study, liquid pig manure (n=305) and sewage sludge (n=111) – used as agricultural fertilizers between 2002 and 2005 – were investigated for the presence of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. Bacteria were tested for their resistance against 40 chemotherapeutics including several “reserve drugs”. E. coli (n=613) from pig manure were at a significantly higher degree resistant to streptomycin, doxycycline, spectinomycin, cotrimoxazole, and chloramphenicol than E. coli (n=116) from sewage sludge. Enterococci (Ent. faecalis, n=387, and Ent. faecium, n=183) from pig manure were significantly more often resistant to high levels of doxycycline, rifampicin, erythromycin, and streptomycin than Ent. faecalis (n=44) and Ent. faecium (n=125) from sewage sludge. Significant differences in enterococcal resistance were also seen for tylosin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin high level, fosfomycin, clindamicin, enrofloxacin, moxifloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and quinupristin/dalfopristin. High rates of (multi-) resistant bacteria in pig manure emphasize the need for a prudent – cautious – use of antibiotics in farm animals.
445 Research paper – Hölzel – 2010 – Sewage sludge and liquid pig manure as possible sources of antibiotic resistant bacteria
Where to find the original material: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20303077/; 10.1016/j.envres.2010.02.009
Country: DE

 

444 – Mitigating Antimicrobial Resistance Risks When Using Reclaimed Municipal Wastewater for Agriculture (Research paper – Hong – 2020)

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444 Research paper – Hong – 2020 – Mitigating Antimicrobial Resistance Risks When Using Reclaimed Municipal Wastewater for Agriculture

444 Research paper
Mitigating Antimicrobial Resistance Risks When Using Reclaimed Municipal Wastewater for Agriculture by Hong, P. Y., Wang, C., & Mantilla-Calderon, D. 2020 Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 91: 245-265
In Significant Impact Groups: Water \ Water quality
Species targeted: Other;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Treated wastewater can be used as an alternative water supply to mitigate our reliance on nonrenewable waters. However, concerns related to emerging contaminants such as antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) can impede efforts to push for widespread use of treated wastewater in agricultural irrigation. This chapter aims to provide a better understanding of the potential concerns by first using case studies in two countries that have already practiced water reuse. Second, we collate and analyze data that suggests that wastewater treatment plants able to achieve at least 8-log reduction in microbiological contaminants may suffice as appropriate intervention barriers for ARB dissemination to the environment. It would be prudent to adopt the precautionary principle and to implement appropriate intervention strategies and best management practices that minimize the impacts and concerns arising from the reuse of treated wastewater in agriculture.
444 Research paper – Hong – 2020 – Mitigating Antimicrobial Resistance Risks When Using Reclaimed Municipal Wastewater for Agriculture
Where to find the original material: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/698_2020_473; 10.1007/698_2020_473
Country: Singapore

442 – Use of antimicrobials in food animals and impact of transmission of antimicrobial resistance on humans (Research paper – Ma – 2020)

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442 Research paper – Ma – 2020 – Use of antimicrobials in food animals and impact of transmission of antimicrobial resistance on humans

442 Research paper
Use of antimicrobials in food animals and impact of transmission of antimicrobial resistance on humans by Ma, F., Xu, S., Tang, Z., Li, Z., & Zhang, L. 2020 Biosafety and Health : 07-Jan
In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Legislation and incentives; Government
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Humans can acquire antimicrobial resistance from drugs through the food chain or the environment (contaminated water, air, soil, or manure). While antimicrobials have been regular supplements in animal feed that maintain health and improve productivity of livestock, their over-use in feeding forage has led to a rise in antibacterial resistance. This review summarizes the current use of antimicrobials in livestock, the harmful effects of antimicrobial resistance, and the comprehensive combat measures.
442 Research paper – Ma – 2020 – Use of antimicrobials in food animals and impact of transmission of antimicrobial resistance on humans
Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590053620301099?via%3Dihub; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bsheal.2020.09.004
Country: CN

441 – Understanding the Trend and Distribution of Antimicrobial Resistance Using Event Based Surveillance System EpiWatch (Research report – Natolanda – 2020)

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441 Research report – Natolanda – 2020 – Understanding the Trend and Distribution of Antimicrobial Resistance Using Event Based Surveillance System_EpiWatch

441 Research report
Understanding the Trend and Distribution of Antimicrobial Resistance Using Event Based Surveillance System: EpiWatch by Natolanda, P. P., Moa, A., & Macintyre, C. R. 2020 Global Biosecurity 1: 10-Jan
In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management
Species targeted: Other;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
A lack of comprehensive global AMR surveillance data and an over-reliance on an indicator-based surveillance system has limited the early detection of emerging AMR threats and trends. The EpiWATCH outbreak database has been used to retrieve AMR outbreak reports between August 2016-March 2020 using keywords such as ‘resistance’, ‘resistant’, ‘superbug’, ‘bugs’, ‘MRSA’ and ‘VRE’. Cases were grouped according to geolocation and time to conduct a descriptive epidemiologic analysis of the outbreak. EpiWATCH identified reported AMR outbreaks quickly compared to an indicator-based surveillance system. It detected outbreaks by pathogens, including some not monitored by the World Health Organization. Also, it identified information on both colonised and infected cases. Thus, open source data from EpiWATCH can complement an indicator-based surveillance system for strengthening AMR surveillance.
441 Research report – Natolanda – 2020 – Understanding the Trend and Distribution of Antimicrobial Resistance Using Event Based Surveillance System_EpiWatch
Where to find the original material: https://jglobalbiosecurity.com/articles/10.31646/gbio.71/; 10.31646/gbio.71
Country: Australia

440 – Antimicrobial resistance in wildlife – A Review (Research paper – Vittecoq – 2016)

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440 Research paper – Vittecoq – 2016 – REVIEW_ Antimicrobial resistance in wildlife

440 Research paper
REVIEW: Antimicrobial resistance in wildlife by Vittecoq, M., Godreuil, S., Prugnolle, F., Durand, P., Brazier, L., Renaud, N., … Renaud, F. 2016 Journal of Applied Ecology 53: 519-529
In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management
Species targeted: Other;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Article builds on a systematic review of the available data in order to highlight the main information we have and to suggest research pathways that should be followed if we aim to fill the gaps in our current knowledge of AMR in wildlife .
440 Research paper – Vittecoq – 2016 – REVIEW_ Antimicrobial resistance in wildlife
Where to find the original material: https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1365-2664.12596; 10.1111/1365-2664.12596
Country: FR

439 – Industrial food animal production antimicrobial resistance and human health (Research paper – Silbergeld – 2008)

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439 Research paper – Silbergeld – 2008 – Industrial food animal production antimicrobial resistance and human health

439 Research paper
Industrial food animal production, antimicrobial resistance, and human health by Silbergeld, E. K., Graham, J., & Price, L. B. 2008 Annual Review of Public Health 29: 151-169
In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Legislation and incentives; Food supply chain and markets
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
1. The use of antimicrobials as feed additives in food animal production is a major cause of increasing antimicrobial resistance in human pathogens. This use accounts for much of total drug production and is increasing worldwide.2. Agricultural antimicrobial use results in the exposure of farmers, farm workers, rural communities, and the general public to antimicrobial resistant pathogens, as well as contamination of air, water, and soils near food animal production sites.3. For public health, the most significant impact of agricultural antimicrobial use is the expansion of reservoirs of resistance because these genes can be transferred widely among microbial communities.4. Reducing or banning agricultural antimicrobial use can reduce risks of antimicrobial resistance in the food supply.5. Disposal of animal waste is a major route of environmental contamination by antimicrobials and resistance determinants.6. Farmers and farm workers are at significantly increased risks of infection by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria; they may serve as entry points for the general community and transfers into health care settings
439 Research paper – Silbergeld – 2008 – Industrial food animal production antimicrobial resistance and human health
Where to find the original material: https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090904; 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090904
Country: USA