296 – The effect of vaccination on the transmission of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in pigs under field conditions (Research paper – Villarreal – 2011)

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296 Research paper – Villarreal – 2011 – The effect of vaccination on the transmission of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in pigs under field conditions

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Vaccination
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
This study investigated the effect of vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae on its transmission in nursery pigs under field conditions. Seventy-two pigs were randomly placed at weaning into vaccinated (V) and non-vaccinated (NV) groups. Animals in the V group were vaccinated at 3 weeks of age with a commercial M. hyopneumoniae bacterin vaccine. Broncho-alveolar lavage fluid taken at weaning and at the end of the nursery period was assessed for the presence of M. hyopneumoniae, and the reproduction ratio of infection (Rn) was calculated. The study indicates that vaccination does not significantly reduce the transmission of this respiratory pathogen.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023310001450; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.04.024
Country: BE

292 – How Does Reviewing the Evidence Change Veterinary Surgeons Beliefs Regarding the Treatment of Ovine Footrot – A Quantitative and Qualitative Study (Research paper – Higgins – 2013)

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292 Research paper – Higgins – 2013 – How Does Reviewing the Evidence Change Veterinary Surgeons Beliefs Regarding the Treatment of Ovine Footrot_ A Quantitative and Qualitative Study

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals Other
Species targeted: Sheep;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
The aims of this research were to see how veterinary surgeons’ beliefs regarding effectiveness of two treatments for footrot changed following a review of the evidence. There was considerable variety in veterinary surgeons’ beliefs before they listened to a review of the evidence. After hearing the evidence, seven participants quantifiably changed their beliefs. The results suggest that a substantial amount of the variation in beliefs related to differences in veterinary surgeons’ knowledge of the evidence. Two key findings from the qualitative data were: (i) veterinary surgeons believed that farmers are unlikely to actively seek advice on lameness, suggesting a proactive veterinary approach is required (ii) more attention could be given to improving the way in which veterinary advice is delivered to farmers. In summary this study has revealed that the evidence that currently exists can change veterinary opinion and improved transfer of research knowledge into veterinary practice is needed.

Where to find the original material: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0064175; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064175
Country: UK

291 – Looking after the individual to reduce disease in the flock – A binomial mixed effects model investigating the impact of individual sheep management (Research paper – Green – 2007)

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291 Research paper – Green – 2007 – Looking after the individual to reduce disease int he flock_ A binomial mixed effects model investigating the impact of individual sheep management of in

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals Euthanasia/culling; Breeding for disease resistance or robustness
Species targeted: Sheep;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
A total of 160 ewes on one farm in England were studied for 18 months. Cases of footrot and interdigital dermatitis in individually identified sheep and treatment and flock control measures were recorded. In this one flock, cases of footrot and interdigital dermatitis were linked and associated with trimming of feet. They were also negatively associated with the use of antibiotics and topical antibiotic sprays in either the first +/- second 2-week period. These results suggest 1) that ‘footrot and interdigital dermatitis are infectious diseases that can be controlled, in part, through the use of antibiotics, which acts to reduce the infectious period of diseased sheep’ and 2) that ‘routine trimming of diseased and healthy feet increase disease, through environmental contamination +/- through increased susceptibility of sheep with recently trimmed feet’.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587706002078; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2006.09.005
Country: UK

290 – The Five Point Plan – A successful tool for reducing lameness in sheep (Research paper – Clements – 2014)

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290 Research paper – Clements – 2014 – The Five Point Plan_ a successful tool for reducing lameness in sheep

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals Euthanasia/culling; AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Sheep;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Lameness constitutes a major animal welfare and economic challenge across the sheep sector, costing an estimated £24 million to the UK industry. The high volume of antibiotic currently used to tackle the estimated 9 million lameness cases that occur annually in the UK is also concerning. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an achievable farm-level solution, the Five Point Plan, to reduce lameness levels to FAWC targets. The Five Point Plan has five action points that support the animal in three different ways: building resilience, reducing disease challenge and establishing immunity. It was then implemented on a UK sheep farm over a four-year study period (2009–2013). Lameness prevalence across the study flock was measured monthly by a single observer using a simple 6-point locomotion score. The results show that lameness reduction is achievable within a relatively short time scale but does require long-term commitment in order to sustain success.

Where to find the original material: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263294503_The_’Five_Point_Plan’_A_successful_tool_for_reducing_lameness_in_sheep; https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.102161
Country: UK

281 – Relationship Between Barn Hygiene and Lameness Prevalence in Thirty-Five Transylvanian Dairy Farms (Research paper – Popescu – 2010)

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281 Research paper – Popescu – 2010 – Relationship Between Barn Hygiene and Lameness Prevalence in Thirty- Five Transylvanian Dairy Farms

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \ Pathogen management
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
This study focuses on the relationship between hygiene and lameness prevalence in dairy cattle kept in tie-stall barns in Transylvania (Romania). The barns’ hygiene was assessed based on the body hygiene of the housed cattle. The prevalence of lameness was determined and the cleanliness of the two body areas of the cows in 35 dairy farms with tie-stall housing. A total of 2028 dairy cows were evaluated. The percentage of hygiene scores of 3 and 4 for the upper leg and flank was on average 41% and for the lower leg on average 33%, with significant differences between the hygiene of the two body areas. They found an association between leg hygiene and lameness, both with respect to lower leg hygiene and upper leg and flank hygiene. The obtained results showed that the poor hygiene of barn represents a risk factor associated to lameness prevalence in tied dairy cattle.

Where to find the original material: http://journals.usamvcluj.ro/index.php/veterinary/article/view/5956; http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:67:1:5956
Country: RO

279 – Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Microbial Pathogens Isolated From Calves With Respiratory Diseases (Research paper – Nadas – 2016)

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279 Research paper – Nadas – 2016 – Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Microbial Pathogens Isolated From Calves With Respiratory Diseases

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals; Targeted use of antibiotics
Species targeted: Dairy; Beef;
Age: Young;
Summary:
Respiratory disease are frequent in calves due to the weaning stress, transport and environmental changes. The aim of this study was isolate bacteria from 30 calves with respiratory disorders and test their antimicrobial susceptibility. Samples were collected from calves with respiratory disorders (nasal discharge) aged 6 to 9 weeks in 2 series, using sterile swabs. The study carried out on nasal discharge samples collected from calves with respiratory disorders and their antimicrobial profile testing led to the following conclusions: 1) Low susceptibility to Florfenicol is caused by previous treatments when this molecule was excessively used and without prior sensitivity testing. 2) Cefquinome may represent an emergency therapeutic antibiotic for respiratory infections in calves, but the administration should always be preceded by susceptibility testing of the isolates.

Where to find the original material: https://journals.usamvcluj.ro/index.php/veterinary/article/view/12151/0; https://doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:12151

Country: RO

276 – Interrelationships between the content of oxidative markers antioxidative status and somatic cell count in cows milk (Research paper – Andrei – 2016)

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276 Research paper – Andrei – 2016 – Interrelationships between the content of oxidative markers antioxidative status and somatic cell count in cows milk

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals; Diagnostics
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
Bovine mastitis is a major disease affecting dairy cattle worldwide. The milk collected from cows with different type of inflammation, including mastitis, is characterized by an increased number of somatic cells (SCC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant/oxidant status in normal cow’s milk and in subclinical mastitis milk using three parameters: total antioxidant status (TAS); levels of malondialdehyde (MDA); and levels of proteins (DNPH). Subclinical mastitis was diagnosed using an electrical conductivity method and by SCC in milk. Comparative analysis of TAS showed this parameter was on average significantly lower for mastitis milk samples. The results describing the antioxidant status were correlated with those on lipid and protein oxidative degradation. The average level of MDA in mastitis milk was higher compared with normal milk. The levels of SCC, MDA, and DNPH were significantly higher in subclinical mastitis milk compared to milk from healthy cows.

Where to find the original material: https://www.agriculturejournals.cz/web/cjas.htm?type=article&id=70_2015-CJAS; https://doi.org/10.17221/70/2015-CJAS
Country: RO

264 – Obstacles and incentives for broiler farmers to set up preventive measures against the avian colibacillosis (Research paper – Gery-Choquet – 2019)

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264 Research paper – Gery-Choquet – 2019 – Obstacles and incentives for broiler farmers to set up preventive measures against the avian colibacillosis

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals; Targeted use of antibiotics; AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
In a context of antibiotic restraint, colibacillosis prevention in chicken farms should be maximized. This disease is commonly treated with antibiotics. Understanding the psychological and social context in which farmers operate can have an impact management of avian. With that purpose, a first survey (qualitative study) was carried out involving 14 chicken conventional production farmers. Afterwards, 75 western France farmers of replied to quantitative questionnaire based on results from the previous survey. The survey revealed that 85% of farmers had insufficient knowledge about colibacillosis. The major incentives to prevent the avian colibacillosis were the desire to improve farm income and to reduce antibiotic use. Statistical analysis showed five farmers profiles. Advice should be adapted according to these profiles : «experimented little motivated farmers», «young and independent farmers», «farmers with others priorities», «motivated with small chicken house farmers» and «risk taker farmers».

Where to find the original material: https://www.itavi.asso.fr/content/freins-et-motivations-des-eleveurs-de-poulets-mettre-en-place-des-mesures-preventives-contre;
Country: FR

244 Time to Vaccinate_ The importance of preventive health and vaccination programmes in ruminant production by MSD Animal Health (Industry Innovation)

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244 Industry Innovation – Time to Vaccinate_ The importance of preventive health and vaccination programmes in ruminant production by MSD Animal Health

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Vaccination
Species targeted: Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Different for different species; Not stated;
Summary:
Immunity has been defined as a condition of being able to resist a particular disease especially through preventing development of a pathogenic microorganism or by counteracting the effects of its products, or in simpler terms it is the power to resist infection whether innate or acquired. A strong powerful immunity is therefore crucial to maintain health in our current animal production, where multiple types of pathogens are continually challenging the health, welfare and productivity of our animals. Vaccinations play a great role in optimizing the animal’s power to resist disease. On a population basis, vaccinations have led to the eradication and control of many diseases. Vaccines are indispensable tools to prevent potentially dangerous infectious diseases and to maintain animal welfare and the productivity of animal production. Vaccine use within disease prevention and eradication programmes has optimized animal production, health and welfare, and contributed to a highly efficient production system.

Where to find the original material: https://www.farmantibiotics.org/tool_links/the-importance-of-preventive-health-and-vaccination-programmes-in-ruminant-production/;
Country: EU

243 Aspects of bovine herpesvirus 1 and bovine viral diarrhoea virus herd-level seroprevalence and vaccination in dairy and beef herds in Northern Ireland (Research paper – Cowley, 2014)

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243 Research paper – Cowley – 2014 – Aspects of bovine herpesvirus 1 and bovine viral diarrhoea virus herd-level seroprevalence and vaccination in dairy and beef herds in Northern Ireland

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Vaccination
Species targeted: Dairy; Beef;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
Infections with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) virus cause diseases of cattle with a worldwide distribution. The primary objective of the present study was to describe aspects of herd-level BoHV-1 and BVDV seroprevalence (based on testing of pooled sera) and control on farms in Northern Ireland, including vaccine usage. The results from this study indicate that the true herd-level seroprevalences to bovine herpesvirus 1 and bovine virus diarrhoea virus in non-vaccinating herds in Northern Northern Ireland are 77.3% (95% CI: 73.6–80.9%) and 98.4% (95% CI: 97.3–99.5%), respectively. The present study will assist in guiding regional policy development and establish a baseline against which the progress of current and future control and eradication programmes can be measured.

Where to find the original material: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25152811/; http://doi.org/10.1186/2046-0481-67-18
Country: IE