221 Key actors in driving behavioural change in relation to on-farm biosecurity – A Northern Ireland perspective (Research paper – Lahuerta-Marin, 2018)

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221 Research paper – Lahuerta-Marin – 2018 – Key actors in driving behavioural change in relation to on-farm biosecurity_ a Northern Ireland perspective

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \Internal biosecurity; People
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Agriculture and farming are valued contributors to local economy in Northern Ireland (NI). There is limited knowledge about farmers’ behaviours and attitudes towards disease biosecurity measures. As part of a larger project, a scenario-based workshop with key stakeholders was organised by the Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI)-NI in December 2015. Participants were asked to discuss and give their opinions about a series of questions across four key areas in a semi-structured approach with an external facilitator. The discussion showed that training in biosecurity for farmers is important and necessary. Training was recommended to be provided by veterinary surgeons, preferably via a face-to-face format. The discussion addressing disease disclosure proved particularly challenging between those who were prospective buyers of cattle, and those who sold cattle. This workshop provided a unique and invaluable insight into key issues regarding farm level biosecurity activities.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6001042/; https://doi.org/10.1186/s13620-018-0125-1
Country: UK

220 Risk assessment as a tool for improving external biosecurity at farm level (Research paper – Sternberg Lewerin, 2015)

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220 Research paper – Sternberg Lewerin – 2015 – Risk assessment as a tool for improving external biosecurity at farm level

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \External biosecurity
Species targeted: Pigs; Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
Biosecurity routines at herd level may reduce the probability of introduction of disease into the herd, but some measures may be regarded as expensive and cumbersome for the farmers. The aim of the study was to provide a tool for calculating the effects of different biosecurity measures and strategies on the individual farm level in Swedish cattle and pig farms. The most important factors affecting the risk, and the effect of biosecurity measures such as quarantine routines and protective clothing, were the frequency of between-farm contacts and prevalence of the disease. The risk assessment model proved useful for illustrating the risk of introduction of endemic diseases and the mitigating effect of different biosecurity measures on farm level. Model outputs could be used to justify prioritisation of measures or adapting contact patterns.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4515931/; https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0477-7
Country: SE

219 – Patterns of between-farm contacts via professionals in Sweden (Research paper – Olofsson – 2014)

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219 Research paper – Olofsson – 2014 – Patterns of between-farm contacts via professionals in Sweden

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \External biosecurity
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
The objective of the study was to examine the travel patterns of professionals visiting Swedish farms (veterinarians, milk tanker drivers, artificial inseminators, maintenance technicians and livestock hauliers). There were twelve participating organisations, and data was provided for one to three individuals/vehicles/veterinary practices per professional category and per geographic region (except for dairy service technicians and livestock hauliers who did not provide data from all regions). Generally, the greatest areas were travelled by milk tankers and livestock hauliers, and the profession travelling over the smallest areas tended to be the veterinarians. The results of this study indicate that in Sweden a highly contagious disease might spread over a large area in the time span of one incubation period, which ought to be kept in mind in case of an outbreak and in outbreak investigations. The difficulties in contacting some professionals visiting farms could be a problem in an outbreak situation.

Where to find the original material: https://actavetscand.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13028-014-0070-2#citeas; https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-014-0070-2
Country: SE

218 – Network analysis of cattle and pig movements in Sweden – Measures relevant for disease control and risk based surveillance (Research paper – Noremark – 2011)

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218 Research paper – Noremark – 2011 – Network analysis of cattle and pig movements in Sweden_ measures relevant for disease control and risk based surveillance

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \External biosecurity
Species targeted: Pigs; Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
Registration of cattle and pig movements is mandatory in Sweden and all registered movements between farms in the years 2006-2008 were investigated. The networks were analysed as monthly and yearly networks, separately per species and with the two species together. Many farms had few or no contacts, while others had many, a pattern which has also been described from other countries. The cattle network and the combined network showed a recurring seasonal pattern, while this was not seen in the pig network. The in-degree was not equivalent to the ingoing infection chain; there were holdings with limited direct contacts, but a large number of indirect contacts. The ingoing infection chain could be a useful measure when setting up strategies for disease control and for risk based surveillance as it identifies holdings with many contacts through live animal movements and thus at potentially higher risk for introduction of contagious diseases.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587711000043?via%3Dihub; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.12.009
Country: SE

216 – A novel method to identify herds with an increased probability of disease introduction due to animal trade (Research paper – Frossling – 2014)

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216 Research paper – Frossling – 2014 – A novel method to identify herds with an increasedprobability of disease introduction due to animal trade

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \External biosecurity
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
This paper presents a new method to assess herd disease risk in animal movement networks. It is an improvement to current network measures that takes direction, temporal order, and also movement size and probability of disease into account. In the study, the method was used to calculate a probability of disease ratio (PDR) of herds in simulated data sets, and of real herds based on animal movement data from dairy herds included in a bulk milk survey for Coxiella burnetii. The results show that the PDR is able to capture the different circumstances related to disease prevalence and animal trade contact patterns. The method shows a potential to be useful for risk-based surveillance, in the classification of herds in control programmes or to represent influential contacts in risk factor studies.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587714002487?via%3Dihub; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.07.013
Country: SE

214 Essential Oils in Drinking Water_ Using Flexibility and Speed to Help Poultry During Gut Health Challenges by Biomin (Industry Innovation)

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214 Industry Innovation – Essential Oils in Drinking Water_ Using Flexibility and Speed to Help Poultry During Gut Health Challenges by Biomin

In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health \ Feed additives and supplements
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
While adding phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) to feed is the most common application method, many producers are realizing the benefits of including PFAs in drinking water. PFAs can be used to tackle necrotic enteritis (NE) in poultry, a challenge likely to result in decreased feed intake. Bans on the use of antibiotic growth promotors in livestock production around the world have resulted in a performance gap. Phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) can help bridge the gap due to their beneficial biological effects. Drinking water application of PFAs (example of Digestarom® P.E.P. sol.) ensures they are delivered to the gut during times when they are most needed. Drinking water application of PFAs is flexible and quick and is increasing in popularity. Application can take place in combination with other additives such as organic acids, probiotics, or vaccines. Improved broiler gut quality and function results in reduced disease incidence and less treatment costs.

Where to find the original material: https://www.biomin.net/science-hub/essential-oils-in-drinking-water-using-flexibility-and-speed-to-help-poultry-during-gut-health-challenges-1/;
Country: IT; BE

213 Preventive Approach to Gut Health in Layers – feed additives Biotronic® and Digestarom® by Biomin (Industry Innovation)

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213 Industry Innovation – Preventive Approach to Gut Health in Layers – feed additives Biotronic® and Digestarom® by Biomin

In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health \ Feed additives and supplements
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
Even with good management, bacterial infections stemming from the imbalance of the gut microbiota can cause production losses in layers. Preventive nutrition strategies that support gut performance can offer a cost effective alternative to antibiotic application, particularly around peak production. In fact, unsaleable eggs and the challenge of drug-resistant bacteria can make antibiotic application more expensive than non-antibiotic alternatives. Organic acids and phytogenic feed additives have been accepted as an efficient tool to prevent and control disease proliferation in poultry. The case of a commercial layer farm in Hungary illustrates how preventive nutritional strategies using novel feed additives can offer a profitable alternative to antibiotics in cases of chicken disease.

Where to find the original material: https://www.biomin.net/science-hub/a-profitable-preventive-approach-to-gut-health-in-layers/;
Country: HU

211 – Biosecurity Practices in Spanish Pig Herds – Perceptions of Farmers and Veterinarians of the Most Important Biosecurity Measures (Research paper – Simon-Griffe – 2013)

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211 Research paper – Simon-Griffe – 2013 – Biosecurity Practices in Spanish Pig Herds_ Perceptions of Farmers and Veterinarians of the Most Important Biosecurity Measures

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \External biosecurity
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
One hundred Spanish pig farms were surveyed to determine the biosecurity measures currently applied, as reported by farmers, and to investigate the importance awarded by farmers and veterinarians to each of these measures. Data was gathered by means of a questionnaire administered to farmers and veterinarians. Biosecurity measures were reported based on two scenarios: presence and absence of a highly contagious disease. The effect of farm type on the biosecurity level was also investigated. Farmers awarded significantly higher scores to their farms’ biosecurity than the veterinarians. According to both, the most important biosecurity measures were those aimed at minimising the risk of disease introduction by visits and vehicles. Biosecurity practices seeking to reduce the risk of disease introduction by breeding stock were not applied in many farms. Medium-sized to large farms located in high pig density regions reported higher biosecurity measures than small herds located in low pig density areas.

Where to find the original material: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23273732/; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.11.028
Country: ES

210 – Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in commensal escherichia coli producing ESBLAMPC isolated from caecal samples of slaughered pigs in Romania (Research paper – Milita – 2017)

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210 Research paper – Milita – 2017 – Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in commensal escherichia coli producing ESBLAMPC isolated from caecal samples of slaughered pigs in Romania

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Disease/health
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
The monitoring of the antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli commensal strains isolated from caecal samples collected from slaughtered pigs was implemented for the first time in Romania, in 2015, by testing a number of 399 samples. The prevalence of commensal ESBL/AmpC producing E. coli strains isolated from the slaughtered strains were resistant to cefotaxime (100%), ampicillin (100%), cefepime (91.93%), ceftazidime (90.13 %), sulfamethoxazole (73.54%), tetracycline (71.30 %), trimethoprim (62.33%), ciprofloxacin (53.81%), chloramphenicol (41.70%), nalidixic acid (39.91%), gentamicin (20.63%), cefoxitin (20.63%), azithromycin (14,35%), colistin (3.59%), ertapenem (1.79%). This survey shows that the pigs slaughtered in Romania during the year 2015 were colonized, in a proportion of more than 60%, with strains resistant to cephalosporins, sulfonamides, tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones. The results obtained will provide important insight into effects of using antimicrobials at animals.

Where to find the original material: https://agmv.ro/vol-27-nr-3-2017/;
Country: RO

209- Antimicrobial resistance programs in the European Union ( Research paper – Zorlescu – 2018)

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209 Research paper – Zorlescu – 2018 – Antimicrobial resistance programs in the European Union

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Disease/health
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
At the European Commission (EC) level, legislation has been issued for the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and these rules are applicable by each Member State (MS). For the proper implementation of the above legislation, audits are carried out in Member States that have developed programs on antimicrobial resistance that go beyond the EC’s requests. The aim of the study was the analysis of existing data reports, legislation and recommendations on antimicrobial resistance through which surveillance and monitoring is carried out in the European Union (EU). The audit reports issued between 2015 and 2017 by the Food Veterinary Office (FVO), as well as the articles issued by the EC through the antimicrobial resistance institutes were analysed. In conclusion, in order to improve antimicrobial resistance programs, a “good practice guide” can be achieved by MS with extensive experience in this area, to be used to harmonize antimicrobial resistance programs within the EU.

Where to find the original material: https://ojs.journals.cz/index.php/CBUIC/article/view/1281; https://doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v6.1281
Country: RO