279 – Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Microbial Pathogens Isolated From Calves With Respiratory Diseases (Research paper – Nadas – 2016)

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279 Research paper – Nadas – 2016 – Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Microbial Pathogens Isolated From Calves With Respiratory Diseases

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals; Targeted use of antibiotics
Species targeted: Dairy; Beef;
Age: Young;
Summary:
Respiratory disease are frequent in calves due to the weaning stress, transport and environmental changes. The aim of this study was isolate bacteria from 30 calves with respiratory disorders and test their antimicrobial susceptibility. Samples were collected from calves with respiratory disorders (nasal discharge) aged 6 to 9 weeks in 2 series, using sterile swabs. The study carried out on nasal discharge samples collected from calves with respiratory disorders and their antimicrobial profile testing led to the following conclusions: 1) Low susceptibility to Florfenicol is caused by previous treatments when this molecule was excessively used and without prior sensitivity testing. 2) Cefquinome may represent an emergency therapeutic antibiotic for respiratory infections in calves, but the administration should always be preceded by susceptibility testing of the isolates.

Where to find the original material: https://journals.usamvcluj.ro/index.php/veterinary/article/view/12151/0; https://doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:12151

Country: RO

276 – Interrelationships between the content of oxidative markers antioxidative status and somatic cell count in cows milk (Research paper – Andrei – 2016)

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276 Research paper – Andrei – 2016 – Interrelationships between the content of oxidative markers antioxidative status and somatic cell count in cows milk

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals; Diagnostics
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
Bovine mastitis is a major disease affecting dairy cattle worldwide. The milk collected from cows with different type of inflammation, including mastitis, is characterized by an increased number of somatic cells (SCC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant/oxidant status in normal cow’s milk and in subclinical mastitis milk using three parameters: total antioxidant status (TAS); levels of malondialdehyde (MDA); and levels of proteins (DNPH). Subclinical mastitis was diagnosed using an electrical conductivity method and by SCC in milk. Comparative analysis of TAS showed this parameter was on average significantly lower for mastitis milk samples. The results describing the antioxidant status were correlated with those on lipid and protein oxidative degradation. The average level of MDA in mastitis milk was higher compared with normal milk. The levels of SCC, MDA, and DNPH were significantly higher in subclinical mastitis milk compared to milk from healthy cows.

Where to find the original material: https://www.agriculturejournals.cz/web/cjas.htm?type=article&id=70_2015-CJAS; https://doi.org/10.17221/70/2015-CJAS
Country: RO

264 – Obstacles and incentives for broiler farmers to set up preventive measures against the avian colibacillosis (Research paper – Gery-Choquet – 2019)

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264 Research paper – Gery-Choquet – 2019 – Obstacles and incentives for broiler farmers to set up preventive measures against the avian colibacillosis

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals; Targeted use of antibiotics; AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
In a context of antibiotic restraint, colibacillosis prevention in chicken farms should be maximized. This disease is commonly treated with antibiotics. Understanding the psychological and social context in which farmers operate can have an impact management of avian. With that purpose, a first survey (qualitative study) was carried out involving 14 chicken conventional production farmers. Afterwards, 75 western France farmers of replied to quantitative questionnaire based on results from the previous survey. The survey revealed that 85% of farmers had insufficient knowledge about colibacillosis. The major incentives to prevent the avian colibacillosis were the desire to improve farm income and to reduce antibiotic use. Statistical analysis showed five farmers profiles. Advice should be adapted according to these profiles : «experimented little motivated farmers», «young and independent farmers», «farmers with others priorities», «motivated with small chicken house farmers» and «risk taker farmers».

Where to find the original material: https://www.itavi.asso.fr/content/freins-et-motivations-des-eleveurs-de-poulets-mettre-en-place-des-mesures-preventives-contre;
Country: FR

97 Selective Dry Cow by Eurodairy (Farm Innovation)

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97 Farm Innovation – Selective Dry Cow by Eurodairy

97 Farm Innovation
Selective Dry Cow by Eurodairy
in Significant Impact Group(s): Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary: This sheet describes how the Dutch dairy sector reduced the use of antibiotics in dairy farming. Between 2009 and 2016, usage decreased by 48%.
Selective drying off has made an important contribution to this reduction. Preventive use of antibiotics for drying off dairy cattle is no longer allowed. The protocol uses the somatic cell count per animal up to 6 weeks prior to drying off. If the cell count number is below 50,000 (cows) or 150,000 (heifers) per ml, no antibiotics may be used. If the cell number is higher, only a first choice antibiotic may be used in accordance with the farm health plan. The use of 2nd and 3rd choice antibiotics follows strict regulations, and is only allowed after additional testing.
The sheet also contains a farmers experience with omitting the dry off period.
97 Farm Innovation – Selective Dry Cow by Eurodairy
Where to find the original material: (in English)
https://eurodairy.eu/resources/the-dutch-way-of-reducing-antibiotic-use/;
Country: NL

91 Cola and vaccination by Dutch vet (Industry Innovation)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals ; Feed / gut health
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Outcome Parameter(s): piglet diarrhoea;
Summary: In piglets, birth diarrhoea is caused by bacteria and viruses. These are E. coli bacteria, clostridium bacteria C. perfringens type A and type C and rotaviruses. According to the vet Schuttert, the effect of vaccination is usually not spectacular, because the effect also runs via the colostrum. An average sow produces enough colostrum for 12 piglets. But the average litter size is now 15 piglets. One way to improve colostrum supply is split suckling. Vet Schuttert concludes that in case of birth diarrhoea in piglets it is almost always necessary to take steps on several fronts. There is often much to gain with extra attention to hygiene. If the piglets do develop diarrhoea, it may make sense to provide the sows with acid. He usually start by advising lime and cola . Then offering water and food. And the third step is the possible application of vaccinations and / or antibiotics.
91 Industry Innovation – cola and vaccination by Dutch vet
Where to find the original material: (in Dutch)
https://www.nieuweoogst.nl/nieuws/2019/06/06/cola-light-niet-geschikt-voor-kraamstal;
Country: NL

91 Industry Innovation – cola and vaccination by Dutch vet

81 Evaluation of two communication strategies to improve udder health management (Research report – Jansen, 2010)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals \ Targeted use of antibiotics ; Biosecurity
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): improve udder health management; incidence of clinical mastistis; bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC)
Summary: This study shows that communication strategies to change farmers’ management practices can be improved when both the aim of the strategy and farmers’ motivational differences to work on udder health are taken into account. When aiming at complex issues such as udder health, the traditional central route using educational tools seems to be effective in reaching the motivated farmers. In addition to the central route, the peripheral route can be applied to influence farmers’ behavior by including implicit persuasion techniques instead of arguments in campaigns. This route is especially effective for single management practices and when aiming at a less complicated message. To reach as many farmers as possible, both communication strategies should be used. The communication strategies described in this paper are examples of how management practices to control mastitis can be effectively communicated to farmers, which can be used in optimizing future programs to control and prevent diseases.
81 Research paper – Jansen – 2010 – Evaluation of two communication strategies to improve udder health management
Where to find the original material:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030210715034; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2531
Country: NL

81 Research paper – Jansen – 2010 – Evaluation of two communication strategies to improve udder health management

70 Explaining mastitis incidence in Dutch dairy farming: The influence of farmers’ attitudes and behaviour (Research paper; Jansen, 2009)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals \ Diagnostics
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): Average farm bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC); clinical mastitis incidence; combined clinical and subclinical mastitis incidence
Summary: This study shows that mastitis incidence can be explained by farmers’ attitudes and self-reported (to a certain extent), specially farmers’ attitudes. In particular, the perceived feeling of control, the perceived effect of the average farm bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) penalty level and the normative frame of reference are important in explaining the variation in mastitis incidence. Furthermore, the results suggest that BMSCC levels are better explained by attitudes and self-reported behaviour than actual clinical and subclinical mastitis incidence. It can be concluded that farmers’ attitudes are a better measure to explain differences in mastitis incidence between farms than farmers’ self-reported behavior. Therefore farmers’ attitudes should be taken into account in future research and animal health promotion. This study, therefore, provides an important investigation into the social processes applicable to mastitis incidence and emphasis on the need for effective communication strategies in mastitis control programs.
70 Research paper – Jansen – 2009 – Explaining mastitis incidence in Dutch dairy farming_ The influence of farmers’ attitudes and behaviour
Where to find the original material:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587709002451; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.08.015
Country: NL

70 Research paper – Jansen – 2009 – Explaining mastitis incidence in Dutch dairy farming_ The influence of farmers’ attitudes and behaviour

69 Treatment of clinical mastitis: Using antimicrobial susceptibility profiles for treatment decisions (Research paper; Constable, 2003)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals \ Diagnostics
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): Treatment of clinical mastitis
Summary: Antibiotic treatment of clinical bacterial mastitis requires several steps:(1) using an antibiotic with an appropriate spectrum of activity; (2) selecting an antibiotic that effectively reach the site of infection (milk, mammary tissue, or blood); (3) treating for an appropriate duration; and (4) avoiding adverse local or systemic effects and residues. Antibiotics are often selected based on availability of labeled drugs, clinical signs in the cow, milk culture results for previous mastitis episodes in the herd, experience of treatment outcome in the herd, treatment cost, and withdrawal times for milk and slaughter. There has been recent interest in optimizing treatment protocols to better target antibiotic administration, with substantial reliance on susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates from cows with clinical mastitis. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the role, if any, that antimicrobial susceptibility testing should play in guiding treatment of clinical mastitis.
69 Research paper – Constable – 2003 – Treatment of clinical mastitis_Using antimicrobial susceptibility profiles for treatment decisions
Where to find the original material:
https://www.vetfood.theclinics.com/article/S0749-0720(02)00068-3/abstract; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0720(02)00068-3
Country: US

69 Research paper – Constable – 2003 – Treatment of clinical mastitis_Using antimicrobial susceptibility profiles for treatment decisions

61 Effect of udder health management practices on herd somatic cell count (Research paper; Dufour, 2011)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals ; Housing and welfare
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): herd somatic cell count
Summary: Thee scientific literature on relationships between management practices used on dairy farms and herd somatic cell count (SCC) is reviewed in this study. A large number of management practices have shown consistent associations with herd-level SCC when used in usual dairy settings. These practices should be the basis of udder health recommendations to dairy producers. Although many management practices have shown interesting associations with SCC, the lack of consistency observed should moderate reliance on their use.
61 Research paper – Dufour – 2011 – Effect of udder health management practices on herd somatic cell count
Where to find the original material:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002203021100004X; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3715
Country: CA

61 Research paper – Dufour – 2011 – Effect of udder health management practices on herd somatic cell count

48 Economic optimization of selective dry cow treatment (Research paper; Scherpenzeel, 2018)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals \ Targeted use of antibiotics ; AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): Udder health status
Summary: The goal of this study was to identify a scenario with the lowest costs for mastitis associated with the dry period while restricting the percentage of cows that need to be dried off with dry cow antimicrobials. The costs of clinical/subclinical mastitis and the antimicrobial use were quantified. The economic impact of reducing the percentage of clinical mastitis was found to be much larger than reducing the bulk tank somatic cell count. The optimal percentage of cows to be dried off with antimicrobials depends on the udder health situation, expressed as the bulk tank somatic cell count and the occurrence of clinical mastitis. Selective dry cow treatment was economically more beneficial than blanket dry cow treatment, for all types of herds studied. Economic profits of selective dry cow treatment are greater if bulk tank somatic cell count and clinical mastitis incidence are lower.
48 Research paper – Scherpenzeel – 2018 – Economic optimization of selective dry cow treatment
Where to find the original material:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030217311098; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13076
Country: NL

48 Research paper – Scherpenzeel – 2018 – Economic optimization of selective dry cow treatment