280 – Medicinal Plants Based Products Tested on Pathogens Isolated from Mastitis Milk (Research paper – Pasca – 2017)

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280 Research paper – Pasca – 2017 – Medicinal Plants Based Products Tested on Pathogens Isolated from Mastitis Milk

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ New antibiotics
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
The search for alternative drugs based on plants has become a priority in livestock medicine. In this context, the main objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial effect of extracts and products of several plants on pathogens isolated from bovine mastitis. A total of eleven plant alcoholic extracts and eight plant-derived products were tested against 32 microorganisms from milk. The obtained results have shown an inhibition of bacterial growth for all tested plants, with better results for Evernia prunastri, Artemisia absinthium, and Lavandula angustifolia. Moreover, E. prunastri, Populus nigra, and L. angustifolia presented small averages of minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations. Among the plant-derived products, three out of eight have shown a strong anti-microbial effect comparable with the effect of florfenicol and enrofloxacin. These results suggest an important anti-microbial effect of these products on pathogens isolated from bovine mastitis with a possible applicability in this disease.

Where to find the original material: https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/9/1473; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22091473
Country: RO

276 – Interrelationships between the content of oxidative markers antioxidative status and somatic cell count in cows milk (Research paper – Andrei – 2016)

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276 Research paper – Andrei – 2016 – Interrelationships between the content of oxidative markers antioxidative status and somatic cell count in cows milk

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals; Diagnostics
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
Bovine mastitis is a major disease affecting dairy cattle worldwide. The milk collected from cows with different type of inflammation, including mastitis, is characterized by an increased number of somatic cells (SCC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant/oxidant status in normal cow’s milk and in subclinical mastitis milk using three parameters: total antioxidant status (TAS); levels of malondialdehyde (MDA); and levels of proteins (DNPH). Subclinical mastitis was diagnosed using an electrical conductivity method and by SCC in milk. Comparative analysis of TAS showed this parameter was on average significantly lower for mastitis milk samples. The results describing the antioxidant status were correlated with those on lipid and protein oxidative degradation. The average level of MDA in mastitis milk was higher compared with normal milk. The levels of SCC, MDA, and DNPH were significantly higher in subclinical mastitis milk compared to milk from healthy cows.

Where to find the original material: https://www.agriculturejournals.cz/web/cjas.htm?type=article&id=70_2015-CJAS; https://doi.org/10.17221/70/2015-CJAS
Country: RO

245 Selectief droogzetten in Vlaanderen by M-Team Ughent Faculty of veterinary science (Tools & Checklists)

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245 ToolsChecklists – Selectief droogzetten in Vlaanderen by M-Team Ughent Faculty of veterinary science

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Farmer
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age:
Summary:
The tool “Selectief droogzetten in Vlaanderen” provides an easy to use flowchart to determine whether your dairy meets the requirements to start practicing selective dry cow therapy and if so provides a flowchart to assist in selecting cows needing antibiotic treatment when drying-off and which don’t. Farm determinants include: attitude towards selective dry-cow therapy, good drying-off protocol in place, absence of Streptococcus agalactiae from the herd, recording of milk production and or somatic cell count (SCC) and a bulk milk SCC less than 250 000 cells per ml. The determinants at cow level include the occurrence of clinical mastitis between the last milk production recording and the moment of drying-off, the production level at drying off, data on the last three SCC’s before drying-off and specific thresholds for the SCC per cow depending on parity and the 6 monthly geometric average of the bulk SCC of the herd.

Where to find the original material: https://m-tools.ugent.be/home/Poster_selectief_droogzetten.pdf;
Country: Belgium

204 – Study regarding seasonal incidence of fluoroquinolons in cow raw milk and their relationship with somatic cells count (Research paper – Saraz – 2018)

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204 Research paper – Saraz – 2018 – Study regarding seasonal incidence of fluoroquinolons in cow raw milk and their relationship with somatic cells count

In Significant Impact Groups: Other
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
This study aimed to investigate the incidence of fluoroquinolone residues in raw cow milk and to evaluate the relationship between these residues and somatic cell count (SCC) value during summer and winter season. The study was carried out in the period May 2016 – June 2017, on 360 milk samples obtained from three farms from north-western Romania. The samples were analysed by LC-MS/MS method. Out of all samples, 67.50% of samples were positive for fluoroquinolone residues. The examined samples presented values below the recommended maximum residue limit (MRL). Enrofloxacin and its indicator residue, i.e. ciprofloxacin were the most frequently determined. The results of the study indicate that incidence of fluoroquinolone residues in winter season was higher than in summer. Also, SCC value was higher for milk samples with positive antibiotic residue. Our investigations denote that fluoroquinolones are frequently administered to the dairy cows despite of the EU and national recommendations.

Where to find the original material: https://agmv.ro/vol-28-nr-1-2018/;
Country: RO

202 – Prevalence of clinical mastitis in a dairy cows and their economic impact (Research paper – Casaru – 2016)

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202 Research paper – Casaru – 2016 – Prevalence of clinical mastitis in a dairy cows and their economic impact

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Disease/health
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of clinical mastitis in a dairy farm and the economic implications of this condition during 8 months. Based on the clinical signs, 37% of lactating cows were diagnosed with mastitis and 29 % of these shows relapse. The economic loss due to the compromised lactation and the medical treatment was amounted to almost 25000 Euro / 8 months. The results of the statistical study performed in this work raised an alarm and highlighted the need of introducing control programs, early diagnosis and mastitis prevention.

Where to find the original material: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0ba2/6c2d899ac93bf00e5701450b06d4fbcb133c.pdf; ISSN: 1314-8591
Country: RO

149 Collecting and transporting samples by Zoetis (Tools& Checklists)

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149 ToolsChecklists – Collecting and transporting samples by Zoetis

SIG: Pathogen management
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:
This farmer guide to collecting and transporting milk samples for bacterial culture +/- sensitivity as well as Somatic Cell Counts includes a step by step procedure for the kit required, marking and preparing the sterile pots, taking the milk sample, storing it correctly and sending it for analysis by a lab or the vets. Taking milk samples is key to identifying the bugs causing mastitis so that the correct control strategy can be selected and implemented. Environmental bugs such as Strep uberis require a different approach compared to Staph aureus or E.coli. Sensitivity testing can also help you to assess whether the antibiotic treatment protocols you are using for a clinical case are indeed effective.

Where to find the original material: https://www.zoetis.co.uk/livestock-farming/useful-resources/index.aspx;
Country: United Kingdom;

147 Sterile milk sample for bacteriology FARMER GUIDE by Zoetis (Tools & Checklists)

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147 ToolsChecklists – Sterile milk sample for bacteriology FARMER GUIDE by Zoetis

SIG: Pathogen management
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:
When clinical mastitis has been diagnosed in a quarter, a sterile milk sample should be taken to determine which bacteria is responsible. This will help with implementing specific mastitis control measures. Cows should be sampled as soon as mastitis is detected, preferably before milking is commenced. This checklist with images details how to prepare the udder and teats before taking a milk sample and how to do so as cleanly and aseptically as possible, so as to not contaminate the sample.

Where to find the original material: https://www.zoetis.co.uk/livestock-farming/useful-resources/index.aspx;
Country: United Kingdom;

144 Farmer guide – Technique for infusion of a combination of dry cow antibiotic and Orbeseal by Zoetis (Tools & Checklists)

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144 ToolsChecklists – FARMER GUIDE – TECHNIQUE FOR INFUSION OF A COMBINATION OF DRY COW ANTIBIOTIC AND ORBESEAL by Zoetis

SIG: Prudent use

Species: Dairy

Summary:
The theory of using antibiotic dry cow therapy and the teat sealant, OrbeSeal, is that the antibiotic helps ‘clean up’ any existing udder infections and the OrbeSeal ‘seals up’ the teat, preventing new infections right up until calving.
This practical farmer guide outlines a technique that, whilst taking a little bit longer than your normal method, will help you achieve the best possible results and avoid dead cows! The guide covers the steps of observing strict hygiene when preparing the teat, tube insertion technique including how to hold the teat and how far to insert the tubes. The guide also contains helpful pictures and top tips for drying cows off.
144 ToolsChecklists – FARMER GUIDE – TECHNIQUE FOR INFUSION OF A COMBINATION OF DRY COW ANTIBIOTIC AND ORBESEAL by Zoetis

Where to find the original material: https://www.zoetis.co.uk/livestock-farming/useful-resources/pdfs-and-images/infusion-of-orbeseal.pdf;
Country: United Kingdom;

117 Responsible Use of Antimicrobials in Dry Cow Management – A Guide by RUMA (Tools & Checklists)

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117 ToolsChecklists – Responsible Use of Antimicrobials in Dry Cow Management – A Guide by RUMA

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Farmer
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:

Infection status is a key factor to consider when deciding on your treatment thresholds for selective dry cow therapy. An elevated somatic cell count (>200,000 cells per ml) is considered an infection and more than one SCC should be used to determine infection status. Using SCC as a guide along with examination of the udder/teats for any abnormal changes should give an indicator of infection status. For practical purposes, cows should have had no recent clinical cases of mastitis (i.e. in the last lactation) and the last 3 somatic cell counts for that lactation should have been <200,000 cells per ml if internal teat sealant is to be used alone. Other recognised tests for the detection of subclinical mastitis may also be used e.g. conductivity. Finally, whatever product is used at drying off, an aseptic technique is essential.
117 ToolsChecklists – Responsible Use of Antimicrobials in Dry Cow Management – A Guide by RUMA

https://www.ruma.org.uk/cattle/responsible-use-of-antimicrobials-in-dry-cow-management/

Country: United Kingdom;

87 Biosensors for on-farm diagnosis of mastitis (Research paper, Martins, 2019)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Precision Livestock Farming & Early detection \ Sensor technology ; Pathogen management
Species targeted: Dairy; Age: Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): Mastitis indicative markers

Summary: Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland caused by a large number of infectious agents with devastating consequences for the dairy industry. Management of mastitis usually means using antibiotics to treat and prevent the disease, which can be problematic because of increased antimicrobial resistance. Typical diagnostic methods are based on somatic cell counts (SCC) and plate-culture techniques. But these methods are not quick and there is quite a lot of interest in making faster solutions that could provide onsite information, which would speed up the choice of treatment.

Biosensors are tools that can convert the presence of biological particles into an electric signal. Together with microfluidics, biosensors can be used in the development of automated and portable diagnostic devices. This review describes current approaches for mastitis diagnosis and the latest outcomes in biosensors and lab-on-chip devices with the potential to become real alternatives to standard practices.

Research paper: Martins – 2019 – Biosensors for on-farm diagnosis of mastitis – https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2019.00186
Where to find the original material (in English):
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2019.00186/full;

Country: Portugal
Tags: dairy, mastitis, diagnositcs

87 Research paper – Martins – 2019 – Biosensors for on-farm diagnosis of mastitis