81 Evaluation of two communication strategies to improve udder health management (Research report – Jansen, 2010)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals \ Targeted use of antibiotics ; Biosecurity
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): improve udder health management; incidence of clinical mastistis; bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC)
Summary: This study shows that communication strategies to change farmers’ management practices can be improved when both the aim of the strategy and farmers’ motivational differences to work on udder health are taken into account. When aiming at complex issues such as udder health, the traditional central route using educational tools seems to be effective in reaching the motivated farmers. In addition to the central route, the peripheral route can be applied to influence farmers’ behavior by including implicit persuasion techniques instead of arguments in campaigns. This route is especially effective for single management practices and when aiming at a less complicated message. To reach as many farmers as possible, both communication strategies should be used. The communication strategies described in this paper are examples of how management practices to control mastitis can be effectively communicated to farmers, which can be used in optimizing future programs to control and prevent diseases.
81 Research paper – Jansen – 2010 – Evaluation of two communication strategies to improve udder health management
Where to find the original material:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030210715034; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2531
Country: NL

81 Research paper – Jansen – 2010 – Evaluation of two communication strategies to improve udder health management

74 Understanding veterinarians’ prescribing decisions on antibiotic dry cow therapy (Research paper; Higgins, 2017)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals \ Targeted use of antibiotics
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): Approaches to antibiotic dry cow therapy
Summary: In the United Kingdom, blanket antibiotic dry cow therapy (BDCT) is commonly prescribed. An alternate strategy is selective dry cow therapy (SDCT) whereby a teat sealant is given instead of an antibiotic to cows with a low probability of infection. Switching from BDCT to SDCT can significantly reduce antibiotic use. Initiatives that seek to alter vets’ perceptions of the risks associated with switching to using SDCT are likely to prove useful in facilitating change. Our results also suggest for senior vets should take a leading role in helping farms applying SDCT. When considering how best to make a change from BDCT to SDCT, we propose a broad approach that clearly recognizes that the issues blocking this change are very different for vets at different stages of their career. Vets must work together to promote switching to SDCT where appropriate, and senior vets must lead.
74 Research paper – Higgins – 2017 – Understanding veterinarians’ prescribing decisions on antibiotic dry cow therapy
Where to find the original material:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030217300747; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11923
Country: UK

74 Research paper – Higgins – 2017 – Understanding veterinarians’ prescribing decisions on antibiotic dry cow therapy

70 Explaining mastitis incidence in Dutch dairy farming: The influence of farmers’ attitudes and behaviour (Research paper; Jansen, 2009)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals \ Diagnostics
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): Average farm bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC); clinical mastitis incidence; combined clinical and subclinical mastitis incidence
Summary: This study shows that mastitis incidence can be explained by farmers’ attitudes and self-reported (to a certain extent), specially farmers’ attitudes. In particular, the perceived feeling of control, the perceived effect of the average farm bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) penalty level and the normative frame of reference are important in explaining the variation in mastitis incidence. Furthermore, the results suggest that BMSCC levels are better explained by attitudes and self-reported behaviour than actual clinical and subclinical mastitis incidence. It can be concluded that farmers’ attitudes are a better measure to explain differences in mastitis incidence between farms than farmers’ self-reported behavior. Therefore farmers’ attitudes should be taken into account in future research and animal health promotion. This study, therefore, provides an important investigation into the social processes applicable to mastitis incidence and emphasis on the need for effective communication strategies in mastitis control programs.
70 Research paper – Jansen – 2009 – Explaining mastitis incidence in Dutch dairy farming_ The influence of farmers’ attitudes and behaviour
Where to find the original material:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587709002451; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.08.015
Country: NL

70 Research paper – Jansen – 2009 – Explaining mastitis incidence in Dutch dairy farming_ The influence of farmers’ attitudes and behaviour

69 Treatment of clinical mastitis: Using antimicrobial susceptibility profiles for treatment decisions (Research paper; Constable, 2003)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals \ Diagnostics
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): Treatment of clinical mastitis
Summary: Antibiotic treatment of clinical bacterial mastitis requires several steps:(1) using an antibiotic with an appropriate spectrum of activity; (2) selecting an antibiotic that effectively reach the site of infection (milk, mammary tissue, or blood); (3) treating for an appropriate duration; and (4) avoiding adverse local or systemic effects and residues. Antibiotics are often selected based on availability of labeled drugs, clinical signs in the cow, milk culture results for previous mastitis episodes in the herd, experience of treatment outcome in the herd, treatment cost, and withdrawal times for milk and slaughter. There has been recent interest in optimizing treatment protocols to better target antibiotic administration, with substantial reliance on susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates from cows with clinical mastitis. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the role, if any, that antimicrobial susceptibility testing should play in guiding treatment of clinical mastitis.
69 Research paper – Constable – 2003 – Treatment of clinical mastitis_Using antimicrobial susceptibility profiles for treatment decisions
Where to find the original material:
https://www.vetfood.theclinics.com/article/S0749-0720(02)00068-3/abstract; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0720(02)00068-3
Country: US

69 Research paper – Constable – 2003 – Treatment of clinical mastitis_Using antimicrobial susceptibility profiles for treatment decisions

66 Mastitis prevention and therapy for sustainable dairy production (Research report)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals \ Targeted use of antibiotics ; AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): Udder health
Summary: Bad udder health management threatens human health due to zoonotic or antimicrobial resistant pathogens adapting to different environments. Mastitis prevention is essential in an effective and sustainable dairy production system. High quality milk with low SCC is crucial for product quality for the processing industry (cheese making). This will result in a reduction of food loss and food waste by producers, processors and consumers. Mastitis is one of the most frequent and important diseases in bovine milk production with high antimicrobial usage and a source of creating a potential acceleration on the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The presented results will discuss data collected at country level on mastitis therapy and examine strategies to improve udder health for a sustainable dairy production.
66 Research report – Osteras – 2019 – Mastitis prevention and therapy for sustainable dairy production
Where to find the original material:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maria_Sanchez_Mainar/publication/337363922_Mastitis_Prevention_and_Therapy_for_Sustainable_Dairy_Production/links/5dd410dd458515cd48abdc19/Mastitis-Prevention-and-Therapy-for-Sustainable-Dairy-Production.pdf;
Country: BE

66 Research report – Osteras – 2019 – Mastitis prevention and therapy for sustainable dairy production

63 Farmers’ attitude toward the introduction of selective dry cow therapy (Research paper; Scherpenzeel, 2016)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Prudent use AB \ Farmer
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): Adoption of Selective Dry Cow Therapy
Summary: Until recently, blanket dry cow treatment (BDCT) has been the norm, and therefore the change to Selective DCT (SDCT) was expected to be a challenge for farmers. This study investigated how many farmers were doing SDCT in 2013 in the Netherlands and what they thought about it, the methods used to select cows for SDCT and the relationship between SDCT, mastitis and antimicrobial usage (AMU). SDCT was adopted by ~75% of study farms. Results showed that 4 factors related to farmers’ mindset were associated with the likelihood to adopt SDCT: costs of SDCT, uncertainty over recovery without antibiotics, lack of concern about potential negative consequences and use of internal teat sealants. The study found farmers were generally positive about reducing AMU. Application of SDCT appeared to be associated with farmers’ attitude towards it.
63 Research paper – Scherpenzeel – 2016 – Farmers attitude toward the introduction of selective dry cow therapy
Where to find the original material:
https://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(16)30462-3/fulltext; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11349
Country: NL

63 Research paper – Scherpenzeel – 2016 – Farmers attitude toward the introduction of selective dry cow therapy

61 Effect of udder health management practices on herd somatic cell count (Research paper; Dufour, 2011)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals ; Housing and welfare
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): herd somatic cell count
Summary: Thee scientific literature on relationships between management practices used on dairy farms and herd somatic cell count (SCC) is reviewed in this study. A large number of management practices have shown consistent associations with herd-level SCC when used in usual dairy settings. These practices should be the basis of udder health recommendations to dairy producers. Although many management practices have shown interesting associations with SCC, the lack of consistency observed should moderate reliance on their use.
61 Research paper – Dufour – 2011 – Effect of udder health management practices on herd somatic cell count
Where to find the original material:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002203021100004X; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3715
Country: CA

61 Research paper – Dufour – 2011 – Effect of udder health management practices on herd somatic cell count

58 Effect of different scenarios for selective dry-cow therapy on udder health, antimicrobial usage, and economics (Research paper; Scherpenzeel, 2015)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): Udder Health; antimicrobial use; herd economics
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate udder health, antimicrobial usage (AMU), and herd economics during the dry period and the first 100 d of lactation when using 8 varying scenarios for selecting cows for DCT, including a blanket DCT (BDCT) scenario. Clinical mastitis (CM) in the study herd varied from 11.6 to 14.5 cases per 10,000 cow-days at risk in the different scenarios, and the prevalence of subclinical mastitis varied from 38.8% in scenario 1 (BDCT) to 48.3% in scenario 8. Total AMU varied over the scenarios from 1.27 (scenario 8) to 3.15 (BDCT, scenario 1) Animal Daily Doses, leading to a 60% reduction in AMU for scenario 8 compared with BDCT. The total costs for each of the scenarios showed little variation. The effect of selective DCT on udder health, AMU and herd economics was influenced by SCC used to select cows. The greatest reduction in AMU was achieved under scenario 8.
58 Research paper – Scherpenzeel – 2015 – Effect of different scenarios for selective dry-cow therapy on udder health antimicrobial usage and economics
Where to find the original material:
https://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(16)30007-8/fulltext; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9963
Country: NL

58 Research paper – Scherpenzeel – 2015 – Effect of different scenarios for selective dry-cow therapy on udder health antimicrobial usage and economics

57 Evaluation of the use of dry cow antibiotics in low somatic cell count cows (Research paper; Scherpenzeel, 2014)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Prudent use AB \ Farmer
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): Reduced AMU; Clinical mastitis; SCC; Bacteriological status
Summary: This study evaluated selective Dry Cow Therapy (DCT) in cows with low somatic cell count (SCC) at the last milk recording before drying off in various Dutch dairy herds. The incidence rate of Clinical Mastitis (CM) was found to be 1.7 times higher in quarters dried off without antibiotics as compared with quarters dried off with antibiotics. S.uberis was the main bug causing CM in both udders with and without DCT. SCC at calving and 14 d in milk was significantly higher in quarters dried off without antibiotics compared with quarters dried off with antibiotics. Selective DCT significantly increased the incidence of CM and SCC. The decrease in ABU by drying off quarters without DCT was not compensated by an increase in ABU for treating CM. Total ABU related to mastitis was reduced by 85% in these quarters.
57 Research paper – Scherpenzeel – 2014 – Evaluation of the use of dry cow antibiotics in low somatic cell count cows
Where to find the original material:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030214002951; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7655
Country: NL

57 Research paper – Scherpenzeel – 2014 – Evaluation of the use of dry cow antibiotics in low somatic cell count cows

48 Economic optimization of selective dry cow treatment (Research paper; Scherpenzeel, 2018)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals \ Targeted use of antibiotics ; AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): Udder health status
Summary: The goal of this study was to identify a scenario with the lowest costs for mastitis associated with the dry period while restricting the percentage of cows that need to be dried off with dry cow antimicrobials. The costs of clinical/subclinical mastitis and the antimicrobial use were quantified. The economic impact of reducing the percentage of clinical mastitis was found to be much larger than reducing the bulk tank somatic cell count. The optimal percentage of cows to be dried off with antimicrobials depends on the udder health situation, expressed as the bulk tank somatic cell count and the occurrence of clinical mastitis. Selective dry cow treatment was economically more beneficial than blanket dry cow treatment, for all types of herds studied. Economic profits of selective dry cow treatment are greater if bulk tank somatic cell count and clinical mastitis incidence are lower.
48 Research paper – Scherpenzeel – 2018 – Economic optimization of selective dry cow treatment
Where to find the original material:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030217311098; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13076
Country: NL

48 Research paper – Scherpenzeel – 2018 – Economic optimization of selective dry cow treatment