Pigs Archives - Page 7 of 29

411 – Passive immunisation an old idea revisited – Basic principles and application to modern animal production systems (Research paper – Hedegaard – 2016)

Oct 2021/in Cattle, Database record, Denmark, Pigs, Poultry, Prudent use of antibiotics, Research report/paper, Sheep, Veterinarians /by GeorgetaANGST

411 Research paper – Hedegaard – 2016 – Passive immunisation an old idea revisited_ Basic principles and application to modern animal production systems

411 Research paper
Passive immunisation, an old idea revisited: Basic principles and application to modern animal production systems by Hedegaard C.J. and P.M.H. Heegaard
2016 Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology Volume 174: 50-63
In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
Immunisation by administration of antibodies (immunoglobulins) has been known for more than one hundred years as a very efficient means of obtaining immediate, short-lived protection against infection and/or against the disease-causing effects of toxins from microbial pathogens and from other sources. This review highlights a number of examples on the use of passive immunisation for the control of infectious disease in the modern production of a range of animals, including pigs, cattle, sheep, goat, poultry and fish. It is concluded that provided highly efficient, relatively low-price immunoglobulin products are available, passive immunisation has a clear role in the modern animal production sector as a means of controlling infectious diseases, importantly with a very low risk of causing development of bacterial resistance, thus constituting a real and widely applicable alternative to antibiotics.
411 Research paper – Hedegaard – 2016 – Passive immunisation an old idea revisited_ Basic principles and application to modern animal production systems

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165242716300642?via%3Dihub; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.04.007
Country: Denmark

410 – Finding alternatives to antibiotics (Research paper – Allen – 2014)

Oct 2021/in Cattle, Database record, Other country, Pigs, Poultry, Prudent use of antibiotics, Research report/paper, Sheep, Veterinarians /by GeorgetaANGST

410 Research paper – Allen – 2014 – Finding alternatives to antibiotics

410 Research paper
Finding alternatives to antibiotics by Allen, H.K., Trachsel, J., Looft, T. and T.A. Casey 2014 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1323: 91-100
In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
The spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens requires new treatments. As the rate of development of new antibiotics has severely declined, alternatives to antibiotics must be considered in both animal agriculture and human medicine. Products for disease prevention are different from those for disease treatment, and examples of both are discussed here. For example, modulating the gut microbial community, either through feed additives or fecal transplantation, could be a promising way to prevent certain diseases; for disease treatment, non-antibiotic approaches include phage therapy, phage lysins, bacteriocins, and predatory bacteria. Interestingly, several of these methods augment antibiotic efficacy by improving bacterial killing and decreasing antibiotic resistance selection. Because bacteria can ultimately evolve resistance to almost any therapeutic agent, it is important to continue to use both antibiotics and their alternatives judiciously.
410 Research paper – Allen – 2014 – Finding alternatives to antibiotics
Where to find the original material: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24953233/; DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12468
Country: USA

409 – Antibiotic use and resistance in animals – Belgian initiatives (Research paper – Daeseleire – 2016)

Oct 2021/in Belgium, Cattle, Database record, Pigs, Poultry, Prudent use of antibiotics, Research report/paper, Sheep, Veterinarians /by GeorgetaANGST

409 Research paper – Daeseleire – 2016 – Antibiotic use and resistance in animals_ Belgian initiatives

409 Research paper
Antibiotic use and resistance in animals: Belgian initiatives by Daeseleire, E. De Graef, E., Rasschaert, G., De Mulder, T., Van den Meersche, T., Van Coillie, E., Jeroen Dewulf, J. and M. Heyndrickx 2016 Drug Testing and Analysis 8: 549–555
In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
The widespread use of antibiotics in animals is causing concerns about the growing risk for development and the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Antibiotic consumption is higher in animals than in humans as reported in a joint publication of EFSA (European Food Safety Agency), ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control), and EMA (European Medicines Agency) using data from 2011 and 2012. Both in humans and animals, positive associations between the consumption of antibiotics and resistant bacteria are observed. Responsible use of antibiotics in humans and animals should therefore be promoted. In this paper some general aspects of antibiotic resistance such as microbiological versus clinical resistance, intrinsic versus acquired resistance, resistance mechanisms, and transfer of resistance are briefly introduced.
409 Research paper – Daeseleire – 2016 – Antibiotic use and resistance in animals_ Belgian initiatives
Where to find the original material: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/dta.2010; https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.2010
Country: Belgium

405 – Code of Good Practice Regarding the Responsible Prescribing and Use of Antibiotics in Farm Animals by Irish Farmers IFA and Veterinary Practitioners (Tools & Checklists)

Oct 2021/in Cattle, Database record, Other country, Pigs, Poultry, Sheep, Tools & Checklists /by GeorgetaANGST

405 ToolsChecklists – Code of Good Practice Regarding the Responsible Prescribing and Use of Antibiotics in Farm Animals by Irish Farmers IFA and Veterinary Practitioners

405 Tools & Checklists
Code of Good Practice Regarding the Responsible Prescribing and Use of Antibiotics in Farm Animals by Irish Farmers (IFA) and Veterinary Practitioners (Veterinary Ireland)
In Significant Impact Groups:
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age:
Summary:
Responsible use of antibiotics means aiming to use “as little as possible and as much as necessary”. A „Code of Good Practice Regarding the Responsible Prescribing and Use of Antibiotics in Farm Animals‟ was launched in November 2018. These Guidelines have been developed by Irish Farmers and Veterinary Practitioners to guide good practice in the responsible prescribing and use of antibiotics in farm animals, in response to the global societal challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The development of and spread of AMR is a challenge for public and animal health into the future. Farmers have a key role to play by working to keep antibiotics effective for future generations through improving animal health and reducing levels of use on farms.
Where to find the original material: https://www.gov.ie/pdf/?file=https://assets.gov.ie/94001/550a156d-4ccb-40fe-97c1-ecb860263a0b.pdf#page=1
Country: Ireland

Organic acid blends as reliable solution for reduction of antibiotics in piglet production

Oct 2021/in Feed Composition, Addititves and Supplements, Pigs /by ACTA

Weaning pigs is a challenging time. Piglets are always very sensitive to E. coli diarrhoea and after 10 days Streptococcus problems can arise, sometimes causing disease in the brain (meningitis) and other organs (septicaemia). This causes piglets to limp, lose their balance and tilt their head. Streptococcus requires a lot of follow-up, control and which takes a lot of time and work. In reality, farmers are continuously testing concepts available on the market, and very promising outcomes are observed when applying organic acids via the drinking water. Since some organic acids are not easy to get solubilized into water, you need dedicated formulations supported by specific emulsification technologies which enhance user convenience, efficacy and flexibility. Some convenient concepts are available on the market – such as for example Eubisol – and are applied in a 1:10 dilution ratio with water, followed by 1/1000 dilution via Dosatron. For the Eubisol case, farmers witnessed a significant decrease of use of antibiotics by 36%, and especially against Streptococcus by 60%. Farmers across the globe are very satisfied with water based solutions as witnessed in the video.

Acidification of drinking water: why and how?

Oct 2021/in Cattle, Pigs, Poultry, Water /by ACTA

In pigs and poultry, acidification of the drinking water can be a very effective tool to prevent or lower the need for antibiotics. Acidification can have multiple beneficial effects, such as improved palatability and thus water intake, improved digestion, prebiotic effect and reduction of pathogens (e.g., Salmonella). Each type of acid or acid mixture has its own specific properties. Moreover, disinfection products or other compounds present in the water can interfere or react with acids. In some cases, organic acids can cause slime formation due to growth of yeasts and fungi. Always consult your vet/advisor to discuss which acid (mixture) suits your drinking water system and water quality best. Once a suitable acid (mixture) is chosen, the correct dosage is the key to success.

How to determine the correct dosage:

1. Fill a bucket with 10l of the water to be tested.
2. Put on safety glasses and acid resistant gloves.
3. Take a disposable syringe of 10 or 20 ml and fill it with the acid (mixture) to be tested.
4. Add 5 ml of the acid (mixture) to the water and measure the pH with a pH strip or pH meter (both for sale at the pharmacy). Repeat this step until you reach the desired pH (typically around pH 4; discuss this with your vet/advisor)
5. Write down how much acid (mixture) you added to the water (= ‘x’ ml)
6. Calculate the dosage:
x millilitre of acid added to 10 litres of water =>
DOSAGE = x/10 litre of acid per 1000 litre of water
7. Repeat this procedure every time the water source or type of acid (mixture) is changed

How to take a good water sample for lab analysis?

Oct 2021/in Cattle, Pigs, Poultry, Sheep, Water /by ACTA

1. Take a bottle that is as clean as possible and rinse it several times with the water to be analysed. A number of labs also have receptacles available.
2. Wash your hands thoroughly.
3. For a sample directly from a reservoir you take a mixed sample of different subsamples. You should preferably scoop these subsamples about 30 cm below the water surface. After good mixing, the receptacle can be filled.
4. Follow the following procedure for a sample from a tap:
– To know the quality of the starting water (the source), choose a tap as close to the source as possible.
– To check the quality at the drinking points, take a sample from a tap that is as far from the source as possible.
5. Clean the tap well, preferably also with an alcohol tissue.
6. If you want to know the quality of the starting water (the source), let the tap run for some minutes. To detect problems with biofilm formation in the pipes or to check if a disinfectant works effectively, let it run only for a short time.
7. Fill the receptacle for bacteriology first, then the receptacle for chemical parameters.
8. It is important that the samples reach the lab as soon as possible. If this is not possible, make sure that the samples are kept cool (refrigerated) for storage and transportation.

Biosecurity measures on Pig Farms

Oct 2021/in Biosecurity, Pigs /by ACTA

Biosecurity is ensured on a pig farm by implementing a set of organizational and technical measures in order to prevent the introduction, persistence and spread of pathogens, as well as to protect animal and public health.
The main objective of implementing these measures is to reduce the risk of introducing and spreading diseases to, from or within:
• an animal population
• a unit, area, compartment, means of transport or any other facilities, premises or locations;

The key objectives of a biosecurity plan:

1. preventing the penetration of pathogens (exclusion of pathogens or external biosecurity)
2. reducing the penetration / spread of pathogens already existing among animals or other sections of the farm (biomanagement or internal biosecurity).
3. preventing the penetration / spread of pathogens existing in the farm to other non-infected farms / animals (e.g. biocontamination).
4. minimizing the incidence and spread of infections that impact the health of the population.

Biosecurity measures

I. Ensuring the farm perimeter:
II. The existence, operation and proper maintenance of the veterinary sanitary filter:
III. The proper maintenance of the facilities used for housing, feeding and watering animals;
IV. Feed supply;
V. Transporting live animals to and from the farm:
VI. Code of good practice and good hygiene practice
VII. Adhering to the technological principle “all-in, all-out” at the compartment/pen level.