199 – Antibiotic sensitivity profile of E. Coli isolates from poultry flocks (Research paper – Burtan – 2019)

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199 Research paper – Burtan – 2019 – Antibiotic sensitivity profile of e. Coli isolates from poultry flocks

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Disease/health
Species targeted: Poultry;
Summary:
Aim of this study was to determine of the antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli strains from flocks belonging to a unit integrated consumer egg production. For that purpose, E. coli strains isolated from colibacillosis outbreaks or obtained by routine surveillance were tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Samples were divided into four categories: breeding of light breeds, incubation, youth and laying hens. Isolated strains were resistant to spectinomicin, flumequin, erythromycin, trimethoprim, oxytetracycline, ampicillin, amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, doxicillin and sensitive to fosfomycin +tylosin, ceftiofur, lincomycin + spectinomycin, colistin, gentamycin, florfenicol and neomycin. As a conclusion, even though antibiotics are used to a lesser extent in chicken flocks for egg consumption compared to poultry meat production, this study found the resistance of E. coli strains to different antibiotics and multi-drug resistant strains were identified as well.

Where to find the original material: https://agmv.ro/vol-29-nr-1-2019-2/; ISSN: 1220-3173
Country: RO

195 Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Campylobacter spp Isolated from Broiler Chicken Meat of Estonian Latvian and Lithuanian Origin at Estonian Retail (Research paper – Maesaar, 2016)

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195 Research paper – Maesaar- 2016 – Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Campylobacter spp Isolated from Broiler Chicken Meat of Estonian Latvian and Lithuanian Origin at Estonian Retail

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Disease/health
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
This study shows that antimicrobial susceptibility results indicate that the use of antimicrobial agents, particularly fluoroquinolones, in Estonian broiler chicken production has been reduced during recent years. This can be associated with the policies in restrictive use of antimicrobials implemented by the European Commission in 2006. Resistances to one or more antimicrobials occurred significantly less frequently in the products of Estonian origin than in the products of Latvian and Lithuanian origin available at Estonian retail. It was found that problems caused by the inappropriate use of antimicrobials extend beyond the country in which a food originates; therefore, the origin of broiler chicken meat may pose different risks for human population.

Where to find the original material: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/zph.12208; https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12208
Country: EE; LV; FI; LT

193 Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in meat and meat products in Latvia (Research paper – Terentjeva, 2017)

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193 Research paper – Terentjeva – 2017 – Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in meat and meat products in Latvia

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Disease/health
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
This study reports the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates from meat in Latvia. A total of 3,152 samples of raw and ready-to-eat (RTE) meats were collected during the official control and in-house control procedures in 2015. The prevalence of Salmonella was 0.8%. The highest prevalence (1.5%) of Salmonella was found in minced meat and meat preparations, while the lowest (0%) in frozen meat and meat preparations and RTE meats. Most common were S. Typhimurium (36%) and S. Derby (32%). In total, 62% of Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Altogether, 40% of isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole, 25% to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin and 20% to tetracycline. S. Typhimurium exhibited antimicrobial resistance more often (than other Salmonella serovars). The study shows that the presence of Salmonella in meat and the high prevalence of resistant strains, is a significant public health related issue in Latvia.

Where to find the original material: http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/yadda/element/bwmeta1.element.agro-52cbc8f7-4a27-4d96-840c-816425ab6e94; https://doi.org/10.5604/12321966.1235180
Country: LV

192 Campylobacter species and their antimicrobial resistance in Latvian broiler chicken production (Research paper – Kovaļenko, 2014)

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192 Research paper – Kovaļenko – 2014 – Campylobacter species and their antimicrobial resistance in Latvian broiler chicken production

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Disease/health
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
In the present study Campylobacter species and their antimicrobial resistance in Latvian broiler chicken production was determined. Furthermore, this is the first report on the antimicrobial resistance patterns for Campylobacter isolates from broiler chickens at slaughterhouse and retail level in Latvia. Two biggest Latvian broiler chicken meat producing company products were included in the study. Altogether, 74 randomly selected broiler chicken Campylobacter spp. isolates were analyzed. Resistance to one or more antimicrobials was detected in all 58 bacteria identified (isolates). A very high proportion of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid. Multidrug resistance, which was determined as resistance to three or more unrelated antimicrobials, was detected in 67.2% of the bacteria identified. Moreover, all multiresistant bacteria were resistant to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid. Analyses of Campylobacter isolates from two Latvian broiler chicken meat producing companies resulted with significant differences in Campylobacter species.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956713514002552; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.05.009
Country: LV; EE; FI

188 Contribution of sociology to the study of the decrease of antimicrobial use on farms (Research paper – Ducrot, 2018)

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188 Research paper – Ducrot – 2018 – Contribution of sociology to the study of the decrease of antimicrobial use on farms

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
The implementation of the EcoAntibio plan aimed at reducing the risks of antibiotic resistance has led to a strong mobilization of the various partners in the cattle breeding and agricultural profession in the cattle industry. Actions have been carried out at different scales and research work conducted, particularly in the human and social sciences. In addition to possible technical actions, social, psychological and economic factors influence decisions to prescribe and administer antibiotics. This article provides an overview of the work that is investigating the role of these factors in the choice to reduce antibiotic use in livestock production, at the level of the farmer, in his relationship with the veterinarian and livestock advisors, and more broadly in its professional and economic environment.

Where to find the original material: https://productions-animales.org/article/view/2395; https://doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2018.31.4.2395
Country: FR: CA; US

186 Scoring biosecurity in European conventional broiler production (Research paper – Van Limbergen, 2018)

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186 Research paper – Van Limbergen – 2018 – Scoring biosecurity in European conventional broiler production

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
The aim of this study was to measure biosecurity on conventional broiler farms in Europe, following a standardized procedure, and identify factors that can be improved. The current study used a risk-based weighted scoring system to assess the level of biosecurity on 399 conventional broiler farms in 5 EU member states. A possible relation between biosecurity and farm characteristics was investigated. The participating broiler farms scored better for internal biosecurity than for external biosecurity. There was variation between biosecurity scores for the different member states. Within external biosecurity, the subcategory related to “infrastructure and vectors” had the highest score, while the subcategory “visitors and staff” had the lowest. Within internal biosecurity, the subcategory “disease management” had the highest score. Internal biosecurity was inversely related to the number of employees and farm size. Results show better education of broiler farmers and their staff may help to improve biosecurity on broiler farms.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29077940; http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pex296
Country: BE; FI; ES; PL; CY

184 GLOBAL REPOSITORY OF AVAILABLE GUIDELINES FOR RESPONSIBLE USE OF ANTIMICROBIALS IN ANIMAL HEALTH by World Veterinary Association and OIE (Industry Innovation)

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184 Industry Innovation – GLOBAL REPOSITORY OF AVAILABLE GUIDELINES FOR RESPONSIBLE USE OF ANTIMICROBIALS IN ANIMAL HEALTH by World Veterinary Association and OIE

Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian; AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Different for different species;
Summary:
In the context of promoting prudent use of antimicrobials under veterinary supervision, the World Veterinary Association (WVA) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) conducted in 2018 a survey in order to create a global repository of available guidelines for responsible use of antimicrobials in animal health. This resource contains a list of 120 guidelines, action plans and promotional material on prudent use of antimicrobials, covering large number of countries, languages, veterinary aspects and animal species. Access to these guidelines shall serve veterinarians and other health professionals to identify best practices for antimicrobials use in animal health and to fight the development of antimicrobial resistance.

Where to find the original material: http://worldvet.org/news.php?item=417;
Country: International

182 Categorisation of antibiotics used in animals promotes responsible use to protect public and animal health by EMA (Tools & Checklists)

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182 ToolsChecklists – Categorisation of antibiotics used in animals promotes responsible use to protect public and animal health by EMA

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age:
Summary:
Veterinarians are encouraged to check and consider EMA’s updated scientific advice on the categorisation of antibiotics when prescribing these medicines for animals in their care. This categorisation can also be used as a tool for the preparation of treatment guidelines. The scientific advice ranks antibiotics by considering both the risk that their use in animals causes to public health through the possible development of antimicrobial resistance and the need to use them in veterinary medicine. The update takes into account the World Health Organization’s CIA list, i.e. those of most relevance for human health. The EMA also evaluated the impact of the route of administration on the selection of AMR and included its conclusions in a separate list to consider when prescribing antibiotics. The classification now comprises four categories, from A to D: Avoid, Restrict, Caution and Prudence.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/categorisation-antibiotics-european-union-answer-request-european-commission-updating-scientific_en.pdf;
Country: EU;

181 UK Veterinary Antibiotic Resistance and Sales Surveillance (VARSS) Report 2018 by Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD) (Industry Innovation)

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181 Industry Innovation – UK Veterinary Antibiotic Resistance and Sales Surveillance (VARSS) Report 2018 by Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD)

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
In the UK, pharmaceutical companies have reported the quantity of authorised veterinary antibiotics sold throughout the country to the VMD since 1993; this has been a statutory requirement since 2005. Sales of veterinary antibiotics for use in food-producing animals, adjusted for animal population, were 29.5 mg/kg; a 3 mg/kg (9%) and 33mg/kg (53%) decrease since 2017 and 2014 respectively. Sales of highest priority critically important antibiotics (HP-CIAs) in food-producing animals dropped by a further 0.4 tonnes (18%) from an already low level in 2017; a drop of 3.1 tonnes (66%) since 2014. Overall, tetracyclines remain the most sold antibiotic class (38%), followed by beta-lactams (27%) and trimethoprim/sulphonamides (10%). Sales of HP-CIAs in all animal species represent a small proportion (0.7%) of the overall antibiotic sales.

Where to find the original material: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/842678/PCDOCS-_1705145-v1-UK-VARSS_2018_Report__2019__FINAL_v2.pdf;
Country: UK

180 Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 30 European countries in 2016. Trends from 2010 to 2016 8th ESVAC report by European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimic (Industry Innovation)

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180 Industry Innovation – Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 30 European countries in 2016. Trends from 2010 to 2016 8th ESVAC report by European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimic

AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Different for different species;
Summary:
The 8th ESVAC report presents data on the sales of veterinary antimicrobials from 30 European countries in 2016. The report describes changes in consumption of veterinary antimicrobials for the years 2010-2016 and focuses on the changes across time in each country. Explanations for the possible reasons for the changes in the various ESVAC participating countries have been provided. The Antimicrobial Advice ad hoc Expert Group (AMEG) categories take into account the World Health Organization (WHO) categorisation of antimicrobials, the consumption of those antimicrobials in veterinary medicine, the hazards of zoonotic relevance in Europe and the risk of resistance transfer to humans. Category 2 of the AMEG categorisation includes those veterinary antimicrobials where the risk for public health is estimated to be higher than other classes of antimicrobials – fluoroquinolones, 3rd- and 4th-generation cephalosporins and polymyxins. Macrolides are not included in Category 2 and a revision of the classification of AMEG is currently ongoing.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/sales-veterinary-antimicrobial-agents-30-european-countries-2016-trends-2010-2016-eighth-esvac_en.pdf;
Country: EU