153 Biosecurity Measures to Control Salmonella and Other Infectious Agents in Pig Farms – A Review (Research paper – Andres, 2015)

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153 Research paper – Andres – 2015 – Biosecurity Measures to Control Salmonella and Other Infectious Agents in Pig Farms_ A Review

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \ Pathogen management
Species targeted: Pigs;
Summary:
Salmonellosis is the 2nd most common cause of human bacterial food poisoning and can be acquired from eating both contaminated meat or eggs, either via direct consumption of the contaminated product or by cross-contamination with other food while preparing meals in the kitchen. Pork is considered, after eggs, the major source of infection in humans in the EU, mainly the S. typhymurium species. Good control measures at the farm level are likely to correspond with lower prevalence of infection and, subsequently, a reduction of cross-contamination of carcasses processed at the slaughterhouse. This review focuses on biosecurity measures in pig farms that can help to control important pig diseases at the same time as reducing the within-herd prevalence of Salmonella. This information is likely to provide an economic incentive for farmers to apply improved general standards of farm biosecurity and hygiene management that would have a positive impact in food safety.

Where to find the original material: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277725160_Biosecurity_Measures_to_Control_Salmonella_and_Other_Infectious_Agents_in_Pig_Farms_A_Review; https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12137

Country: UK

152 Rispoval IBR Marker vaccines by Zoetis (Tools & Checklists)

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152 ToolsChecklists – Rispoval IBR Marker vaccines by Zoetis

SIG: Pathogen management \ Vaccination
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) is caused by Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), a highly infectious virus which spreads both directly (animal to animal and over short distances through the air), and indirectly (e.g. on clothing and equipment). Infection in naïve animals can result in respiratory signs, fever, milk drop and abortion. Bulk milk antibody testing shows that many dairy herds in the UK are chronically infected. Animals exposed to the virus become lifelong carriers and in times of stress, e.g calving, can start shedding virus. They ma/may not show signs of disease at this time, but they can infect others in the herd. A single dose of Rispoval IBR Marker Live followed up to 6 months later with a single dose of Rispoval IBR Marker Inactivated, allows for an annual vaccination programme using a single dose of Rispoval IBR Marker Inactivated. This checklist details the protocol for vaccinating your herd against IBR.
152

Where to find the original material: https://www.zoetis.co.uk/livestock-farming/useful-resources/index.aspx;
Country: United Kingdom;

151 Selective Dry Cow Therapy A guide for farmers by Zoetis (Tools & Checklists)

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151 ToolsChecklists – Selective Dry Cow Therapy A guide for farmers by Zoetis

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Farmer
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:
Selective dry cow therapy (SDCT) is a decision made at dry off, about whether your cows receive antibiotic dry cow therapy (ADCT) in addition to an internal teat sealant, such as OrbeSeal®. Governments, human health agencies, consumer groups and food retailers are putting greater pressure on food producers to justify the use of antibiotics. Dairy companies such as Arla now require that farmers discuss SDCT with their vets and begin to dry some cows off selectively i.e. without antibiotic tubes and only with teat sealant. The benefits of SDCT are the potential for reducing antibiotics used on farm, a reduction in the amount and severity of mastitis cases and reduced medicine costs compared to blanket combination therapy (antibiotic tube and teat sealant). This checklist provides a step by step approach to starting SDCT.

Where to find the original material: https://www.zoetis.co.uk/livestock-farming/useful-resources/index.aspx;
Country: United Kingdom;

150 Biocheck Ugent – A quantitative tool to measure biosecurity at broiler farms and the relationship with technical performance and antimicrobial use (Research paper – Gelaude, 2014)

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150 Research paper – Gelaude – 2014 – Biocheck Ugent_ a quantitative tool to measure biosecurity at broiler farms and the relationship with technical performance and antimicrobial use

SIG: Biosecurity
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young;Adult;
Summary:
The Biocheck.UGent scoring system was developed to measure and quantify the level of biosecurity on broiler farms. This tool is composed of all relevant components of biosecurity on broiler farms and is subdivided into external (purchase of 1-d-old chicks, off-farm movements of live animals, feed and water supply, removal of manure and dead birds, entrance of visitors and personnel, supply of materials, infrastructure and biological vectors, location of the farm) and internal (disease management, cleaning and disinfection, materials, and measures between compartments) biosecurity. This scoring system takes the relative importance of the different biosecurity aspects into account, resulting in a risk-based weighted score. The Biocheck.UGent scoring system can be filled in for free at www.Biocheck.UGent.be. The obtained biosecurity scores are provided immediately after completion of the questionnaire, and the scores for each subcategory can be compared with national averages to allow for benchmarking of results between colleagues.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25193257; http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.2014-04002

Country: BE

149 Collecting and transporting samples by Zoetis (Tools& Checklists)

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149 ToolsChecklists – Collecting and transporting samples by Zoetis

SIG: Pathogen management
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:
This farmer guide to collecting and transporting milk samples for bacterial culture +/- sensitivity as well as Somatic Cell Counts includes a step by step procedure for the kit required, marking and preparing the sterile pots, taking the milk sample, storing it correctly and sending it for analysis by a lab or the vets. Taking milk samples is key to identifying the bugs causing mastitis so that the correct control strategy can be selected and implemented. Environmental bugs such as Strep uberis require a different approach compared to Staph aureus or E.coli. Sensitivity testing can also help you to assess whether the antibiotic treatment protocols you are using for a clinical case are indeed effective.

Where to find the original material: https://www.zoetis.co.uk/livestock-farming/useful-resources/index.aspx;
Country: United Kingdom;

148 Review of transmission routes of 24 infectious diseases preventable by biosecurity measures and comparison of the implementation of these measures (Research paper – Filippitzi, 2018)

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148 Research paper – Filippitzi – 2018 – Review of transmission routes of 24 infectious diseases preventable by biosecurity measures and comparison of the implementation of these measures

SIG: Biosecurity
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
This study reviews the transmission routes of important infectious pig diseases and their impact on transmission in pig herds. First, a literature review identifying transmission routes of 24 infectious pig diseases preventable through biosecurity measures was done. Second, the level of implementation of these measures using data obtained from 574 pig farms in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden, entered between January 2014 and January 2016 was analyzed quantitatively. Third, a qualitative analysis based on a review of literature and other relevant information resources was performed. The quantitative analysis indicated that at the level of internal, external and overall biosecurity, Denmark had a distinct profile with higher external biosecurity scores and less variation than the other countries. The qualitative analysis identified differences in applied policies, legislation, disease status, pig farm density, farming culture and habits between countries that can be useful for country-specific biosecurity advice.
148

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29124908; https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12758

Country: BE; DK

147 Sterile milk sample for bacteriology FARMER GUIDE by Zoetis (Tools & Checklists)

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147 ToolsChecklists – Sterile milk sample for bacteriology FARMER GUIDE by Zoetis

SIG: Pathogen management
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:
When clinical mastitis has been diagnosed in a quarter, a sterile milk sample should be taken to determine which bacteria is responsible. This will help with implementing specific mastitis control measures. Cows should be sampled as soon as mastitis is detected, preferably before milking is commenced. This checklist with images details how to prepare the udder and teats before taking a milk sample and how to do so as cleanly and aseptically as possible, so as to not contaminate the sample.

Where to find the original material: https://www.zoetis.co.uk/livestock-farming/useful-resources/index.aspx;
Country: United Kingdom;

146 How to use Orbeseal teat sealant by Zoetis (Tools & Checklists)

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146 ToolsChecklists – How to use Orbeseal teat sealant by Zoetis

SIG: Prudent use AB \ Farmer
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:
This photo guide or checklist of how to prepare a cow’s udder and teats before, during and after insertion of a teat sealant, such as Orbeseal, is practical and easy to follow. It covers the basic hygienic approach, the order in which to clean teats, the tube insertion technique and the order of insertion of teat sealant into the teats to minimise spread of infection.

Where to find the original material: https://www.zoetis.co.uk/livestock-farming/useful-resources/index.aspx;
Country: United Kingdom;

145 Evaluation of three intervention strategies to reduce the transmission of Salmonella Typhimurium in pigs (Research paper – De Ridder, 2013)

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145 Research paper – De Ridder – 2013 – Evaluation of three intervention strategies to reduce the transmission of Salmonella Typhimurium in pigs

SIG: Feed / gut health \ Feed additives and supplements; Pathogen management
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
Despite current control measures, Salmonella in pigs remains a major public health concern. In this in vivo study, the effect of three intervention strategies on Salmonella Typhimurium transmission in pigs was evaluated. The first intervention was feed supplemented with coated calcium-butyrate, the second comprised oral vaccination with a double-attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium strain, and the third was acidification of drinking water with a mixture of organic acids. Both feed supplementation with coated calcium-butyrate and vaccination with an attenuated vaccine decreased Salmonella Typhimurium transmission in pigs. Further studies are needed to assess the practical issues related to the implementation of these interventions. For example, more data are needed to determine the best age groups and treatment regimens for the coated calcium-butyrate and to learn how to overcome the problem of Salmonella-specific antibodies in vaccinated pigs.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23680264; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.03.026

Country: BE

144 Farmer guide – Technique for infusion of a combination of dry cow antibiotic and Orbeseal by Zoetis (Tools & Checklists)

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144 ToolsChecklists – FARMER GUIDE – TECHNIQUE FOR INFUSION OF A COMBINATION OF DRY COW ANTIBIOTIC AND ORBESEAL by Zoetis

SIG: Prudent use

Species: Dairy

Summary:
The theory of using antibiotic dry cow therapy and the teat sealant, OrbeSeal, is that the antibiotic helps ‘clean up’ any existing udder infections and the OrbeSeal ‘seals up’ the teat, preventing new infections right up until calving.
This practical farmer guide outlines a technique that, whilst taking a little bit longer than your normal method, will help you achieve the best possible results and avoid dead cows! The guide covers the steps of observing strict hygiene when preparing the teat, tube insertion technique including how to hold the teat and how far to insert the tubes. The guide also contains helpful pictures and top tips for drying cows off.
144 ToolsChecklists – FARMER GUIDE – TECHNIQUE FOR INFUSION OF A COMBINATION OF DRY COW ANTIBIOTIC AND ORBESEAL by Zoetis

Where to find the original material: https://www.zoetis.co.uk/livestock-farming/useful-resources/pdfs-and-images/infusion-of-orbeseal.pdf;
Country: United Kingdom;