83 Storage of prescription veterinary medicines on UK dairy farms: a cross-sectional study (Research paper; Rees, 2019)

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Significant Impact Group(s): AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance \ Antibiotic use ; Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young; Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): Quantity of antimicrobial stored
Summary: Many studies measure antimicrobial use on dairy farms, but little is known about the quantity and the way antimicrobials are stored on farms. The majority of prescription treatments occur without a veterinarian being present, however the association between use of these treatments and farmer decision making is still unclear. To better understand this situation, data were collected from 27 dairy farms in England and Wales. Antimicrobials were the group of medicines most commonly stored. It was common to find expired medicines and medicines not licensed for use in dairy cattle, and of antimicrobials considered critical. The medicine resources available to farmers are likely to influence their treatment decisions; so, finding medicines present in farms can give an idea of what motivates farmers to choose use certain types of medicines. The results are also helpful for policy makers and researchers to get a better understanding of patterns of medicine use.
83 Research paper – Rees – 2019 – Storage of prescription veterinary medicines on UK dairy farms_ a cross-sectional study
Where to find the original material:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6589450/; https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.105041
Country: UK

83 Research paper – Rees – 2019 – Storage of prescription veterinary medicines on UK dairy farms_ a cross-sectional study

77 Quantitative analysis of antimicrobial use on British dairy farms (Research paper; Hyde, 2017)

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Significant Impact Group(s): AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance \ Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): Antimicrobial use
Summary: Levels of antimicrobial usage (AMU) within the livestock industry have been cause of concern in connection to antimicrobial resistance. In order to identify factors associated with high AMU and set threshold for antimicrobial use (benchmarks) for dairy cattle AMU, data was gathered from 358 dairy farms using different types of methods.
Data analysis indicated that usage of antibiotics via oral and footbath routes increased the odds of a farm being part of the top antimicrobial users. While dairy cattle farm AMU was apparently lower than UK livestock average, some farms had extremely high AMU. Identification of these high use farms may be effective in targeting AMU reduction strategies and help reduce overall dairy cattle AMU.
77 Research paper – Hyde – 2017 – Quantitative analysis of antimicrobial use on British dairy farms
Where to find the original material:
https://veterinaryrecord.bmj.com/content/vetrec/early/2017/12/06/vr.104614.full.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.104614
Country: UK

77 Research paper – Hyde – 2017 – Quantitative analysis of antimicrobial use on British dairy farms

75 Macrolides and lincosamides in cattle and pigs: Use and development of antimicrobial resistance (Research paper; Pyorala, 2014)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Prudent use AB ; AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Pigs; Dairy; Beef;
Age: Young; Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): Antimicrobial resistance to macrolides; Antimicrobial resistance to lincosamides; Antimicrobial use of macrolides; Antimicrobial use of lincosamides
Summary: Macrolides and lincosamides (ML) are important antimicrobials for the treatment of infections in cattle and pigs, although rarely the only alternative. The most common indications for ML are the treatment of major swine gastrointestinal and respiratory infections and of bovine respiratory disease. There are quite a large number of old products containing ML in the EU, and updating and harmonising the dosing regimens of these products are necessary. Acquired resistance to ML antimicrobials has emerged, with the greatest increase in resistance in Brachyspira. In-feed medications and long-acting injections resulting in low concentrations of the active substance for long periods may particularly contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Macrolides are considered as critically important and lincosamides as highly important in human medicine, although mostly for non-food-borne infections. Prudent use of ML antimicrobials approved for food animals is of crucial importance to maintain the efficacy of these important therapeutic alternatives.
75 Research paper – Pyorala- 2014 – Macrolides and lincosamides in cattle and pigs_ Use and development of antimicrobial resistance
Where to find the original material:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023314000823; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.02.028
Country: FI, DK, BE, NL, SE, ES, PT, LT, FR, UK,

75 Research paper – Pyorala- 2014 – Macrolides and lincosamides in cattle and pigs_ Use and development of antimicrobial resistance

74 Understanding veterinarians’ prescribing decisions on antibiotic dry cow therapy (Research paper; Higgins, 2017)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals \ Targeted use of antibiotics
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): Approaches to antibiotic dry cow therapy
Summary: In the United Kingdom, blanket antibiotic dry cow therapy (BDCT) is commonly prescribed. An alternate strategy is selective dry cow therapy (SDCT) whereby a teat sealant is given instead of an antibiotic to cows with a low probability of infection. Switching from BDCT to SDCT can significantly reduce antibiotic use. Initiatives that seek to alter vets’ perceptions of the risks associated with switching to using SDCT are likely to prove useful in facilitating change. Our results also suggest for senior vets should take a leading role in helping farms applying SDCT. When considering how best to make a change from BDCT to SDCT, we propose a broad approach that clearly recognizes that the issues blocking this change are very different for vets at different stages of their career. Vets must work together to promote switching to SDCT where appropriate, and senior vets must lead.
74 Research paper – Higgins – 2017 – Understanding veterinarians’ prescribing decisions on antibiotic dry cow therapy
Where to find the original material:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030217300747; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11923
Country: UK

74 Research paper – Higgins – 2017 – Understanding veterinarians’ prescribing decisions on antibiotic dry cow therapy

47 Flock health plan by Poultry Health Service (Farm Innovation)

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Significant Impact Group(s): AMU reduction strategies ; Other
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary: Flock health plans have evolved from assurance scheme checklists to the foundations of an active partnership between farmer and vet. The benefits of a documented health plan and its potential to improve production and performance are discussed.
In the past health plans were often shelved by producers who saw them as a box-ticking exercise, required only to demonstrate that the farm complied with assurance scheme rules.
The plan is now often used as a dynamic document that not only sets out procedures but also serves to highlight issues that arise during a production cycle. The components of the plans have also changed – fuelled by the ongoing drive to cut antibiotic use.
Topics that are discussed are among others vaccination programmes, biosecurity planning and contingency planning.
47 Farm Innovation – Flock health plan by Poultry Health Service
Where to find the original material: (in English)
https://www.poultryworld.net/Nutrition/Articles/2018/5/How-to-get-the-most-from-a-poultry-flock-health-plan-287225E/;
Country: UK

47 Farm Innovation – Flock health plan by Poultry Health Service

37 The impact of dairy cows’ bedding material and its microbial content on the quality and safety of milk – A cross sectional study of UK farms (Research paper; Bradley, 2018)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Housing and welfare ; Biosecurity
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): Bacterial counts in bedding; Bacterial counts in milk
Summary: UK herds bedded on recycled manure solids, sand or sawdust were compared. Bacterial load varied significantly within and between bedding materials. Bedding type did not affect bulk milk bacterial counts. Foremilking was associated with a reduced total bacterial count in milk.
37 Research paper – Bradley – 2018 – The impact of dairy cows bedding material and its microbial content on the quality and safety of milk
Where to find the original material:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168160517305445; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.12.022
Country: UK

37 Research paper – Bradley – 2018 – The impact of dairy cows bedding material and its microbial content on the quality and safety of milk

13 Predict and Prevent by Prognostixs (Farm Innovation)

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13 Farm Innovation
Predict and Prevent by Prognostixs
Significant Impact Group(s): Housing and welfare \ Climate; Precision Livestock Farming & Early detection
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary: Predict and prevent by Prognostixs:
The data captured from all the sensors is clearly visualised through our PrognostiX software application and can be integrated into other existing software platforms.
Tracking and analysing performance is a key aim with the Predict & Prevent Platform. The solution measures and compares key environmental and health indicators captured by the sensors or manually input via a mobile tablet device to improve efficiency and allow for rapid and informed on farm management decisions.
Key features, among others, are:

• Quick access for multiple herds across hundreds of farms across the UK via a single dashboard anywhere in the world (customizable to exact requirements)
• Software instantly transforms data inputs into clear, visual representations that enable users to monitor performance over time and quickly identify trends or discrepancies
• In-built alert system allows user to easily identify where data readings fall outside thresholds i.e. where performance is off target
13 Farm Innovation – Predict and Prevent by Prognostixs
Where to find the original material: (in English)
https://www.prognostix-uk.com/product-and-prevent-platform/;
Country: UK

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Predict and Prevent using this platform for better result in poultry.

12 Soil bacteria by Pruex (Farm innovation)

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Species targeted: Dairy; Age: Adult;

Summary: Pruex – additives ‘animal house stabaliser’ and ‘Water cleaner’
Ensuring that animals get clean water that’s not dominated by infection causing bacteria is essential in the fight against disease and majorly influences the need to treat sick animals with antibiotics.
Disease instances such as mastitis, foul of the foot, calf scour and pneumonia have all reduced significantly on this Scottish dairy unit since they have applied Pruex protocols with the aim of ensuring; dry bedding, clean air, feet and water.

David Finlay discusses what they have observed since they have worked with Pruex with the objective of reducing the environmental challenge their animals face from disease causing agents.

Where to find the original material: (in English)
https://www.pruex.co.uk/blogs/news/tagged/mastitis;

Country: UK

10 Ewe health and nutrition boosts colostrum and cuts antibiotics on Northern Ireland sheep farm by FarmAntibiotics-org (Farm Innovation)

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10 Farm Innovation
Ewe health and nutrition boosts colostrum and cuts antibiotics on Northern Ireland sheep farm by FarmAntibiotics.org
in Significant Impact Group(s): Feed / gut health \ Feeding management

Species targeted: Sheep;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary: Ewe health and nutrition boosts colostrum and cuts antibiotics on Northern Ireland sheep farm: A focus on ewe health and nutrition has boosted colostrum production and enabled one Northern Ireland sheep producer to make a dramatic cut in antibiotic treatment for watery mouth in newborn lambs.
The farmer believes that a visibly-improved colostrum quality is a major reason for the reduction in the prevalence of the disease. This also has to do with gradual improvements like better ewe nutrition, genetics and general health.
10 Farm Innovation – Ewe health and nutrition boosts colostrum and cuts antibiotics on Northern Ireland sheep farm by
FarmAntibiotics.org
Where to find the original material: (in English)
https://farmantibiotics.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Isaac-Crilly-sheep-Northern-Ireland.pdf;
Country: UK

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Read here about the benefit of a sheep’s higher quality colostrum.

9 Powerpoint Improving udder quality traits in sows to aid survival health and lifetime of piglets by FarmAntibiotics-org (Farm Innovation)

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9 Farm Innovation
Powerpoint – Improving udder quality traits in sows to aid survival, health and lifetime performance of piglets by FarmAntibiotics.org
in Significant Impact Group(s): Breeding for disease resistance or robustness ; Feed / gut health

Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary: Improving udder quality traits in sows to aid survival, health and lifetime performance of piglets:
This powerpoint presentations discusses of 5 experiments in sows and piglets.
Topics are:
1) Udder morphology: Define udder conformation traits measurable in a reliable way
2) Udder morphology variation: Define udder conformation traits measurable in a reliable way
3) On-farm colostrum IgG methodology: Evaluation of Brix refractometer to assess colostrum quality
4) Variation of litter performance: the effect of maternal and birth characteristics on litter weight and serum IgG at 24h
5) Relationship between piglets and udder traits
The presentation ends with:
– Study in progress (which focusses on udder conformation changes in consecutive parities of the sow)
– Industry focus
o Breeding company’s should be allowed to take udder conformation and colostrum quality into account
o Increase number of weaned piglets by selection on better nursing capacity and improving colostrum accessibility and quality
9 Farm Innovation – Powerpoint – Improving udder quality traits in sows to aid survival, health and lifetime performance of piglets by FarmAntibiotics.org
Where to find the original material: (in English)

https://farmantibiotics.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Improving-udder-quality-traits-in-sows-to-aid-survival-health-and-lifetime-performance-of-piglets.pdf;

Country: UK

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5 experiments to show you the importance of udder traits of sows in raising healthy piglets.