158 Dairy heifers – Lifetime value of respiratory health by Zoetis (Tools & Checklists)

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158 ToolsChecklists – DAIRY HEIFERS – LIFETIME VALUE OF RESPIRATORY HEALTH by Zoetis

SIG: Housing and Welfare \ Weaning age
Species targeted: Dairy; Beef;
Summary:
A UK study showed that on average, 14.5% of live born dairy heifers fail to reach their first lactation, with pneumonia the biggest known cause of mortality in calves aged 1 to 6 months. Another UK study examining calf lungs at slaughter showed that beef calves with healthy lungs gained 72g/day more than those with moderate lung damage, and 202g/day more than those with severe damage. The foundation of every calf’s lifetime performance begins at birth. The first two months are of particular importance – a direct link has been made between heifer growth rates during the first few months of life and age at first calving, first and second, lactation milk yield and longevity in the dairy herd. If a young reared calf does not grow effectively in the first months, it can be too late to simply ‘catch up later’. Therefore, careful, proactive management of the reared calf is critical to maximise future productivity.

Where to find the original material:

https://www.zoetis.co.uk/_locale-assets/pdf/rispoval-dairy-calves-leaflet-clean.pdf;
Country: United Kingdom;

157 Excential Butycoat by Orffa (Industry Innovation)

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157 Industry Innovation – Excential Butycoat by Orffa

SIG: Feed / gut health \ Feed additives and supplements
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
Banning preventive in-feed antibiotics has increased risks for outbreaks of necrotic enteritis, predisposing from coccidiosis and overloads of nutrients in the intestine. Coated butyrate can be a valuable in-feed additive for broilers to prevent feed intake reduction as a consequence of coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis (NE). Different dietary strategies can be used to fight coccidiosis. Some products act antimicrobially against Eimeria species, e.g. essential oils and herbal extracts. Other products beneficially modulate the immune status of the chicken, whereas prebiotics and probiotics improve microflora to reduce the chance of secondary infections. The immunological challenge from coccidiosis and C.perfringens, makes the barrier function of the gut layer extremely important. Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid that enhances the chickens’ intestinal functioning, promoting development, maintaining the barrier functioning and acts as anti-inflammatory agent. Proper coating results in butyrate reaching both upper and lower parts of the intestine to exert its positive effects.

Where to find the original material:

https://www.poultryworld.net/Nutrition/Articles/2016/2/Dietary-treatments-for-major-poultry-diseases-2764118W/;
Country: NL

156 Reducing antibiotic use in lameness cases using the Healthy Feet Programme by AHDB Dairy (Tools & Checklists)

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156 ToolsChecklists – Reducing antibiotic use in lameness cases using the Healthy Feet Programme by AHDB Dairy

SIG: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:
The aim of the UK Healthy Feet Programme and this checklist is to help you make the necessary changes to reduce lameness and improve your business performance. Rather than using antibiotics, it is better to treat certain forms of lameness, such as sole ulcers and white line disease with a foot trim, block and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. For infectious lesions, such as digital dermatitis, antibiotics may be entirely appropriate. Ensure all medicines used are licensed products and you have a discussion with your vet about treatments. Antibiotics for footbaths are not licensed and are inappropriate.

Where to find the original material:

https://ahdb.org.uk/knowledge-library/reducing-antibiotic-use-in-lameness-factsheet;

Country: United Kingdom;

155 Introduction to Johne s Disease by National Milk Recording UK (Tools & Checklists)

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155 ToolsChecklists – Introduction to Johne s Disease by National Milk Recording UK

SIG: Pathogen management \ Eradication
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:
Johne’s disease is a chronic intestinal disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). There is no treatment or cure for Johne’s disease and infected animals will scour, waste away and eventually die if not culled. The progression of the disease is usually very slow with most animals becoming infected as young calves (often in the first 24 hours of life) but not becoming clinically ill until they are adults. It is a disease that causes considerable economic losses through decreased productivity and increased wastage of adult cattle, as well as the cost of monitoring, diagnosis and control. There is a strong association between Johne’s disease and production problems – with Johne’s cows being much more likely to have poor yields, mastitis, lameness or high somatic cell counts, all of which lead to premature culling. This tool provides a guide to starting to understand and control the disease on dairy farms.

Where to find the original material: https://www.nmr.co.uk/uploads/files/files/johnesintro.pdf;
Country: United Kingdom;

154 Testing for Johne s Disease by National Milk Recording UK (Tools & Checklists)

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154 ToolsChecklists – Testing for Johne s Disease by National Milk Recording UK

SIG: Pathogen management \ Eradication
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:
Due to the nature of Johne’s disease, accurate identification of infected animals is often difficult, especially in the early stages of the disease. Infected animals in the early stage of the disease are unlikely to shed the MAP organism or produce a detectable antibody response. In the later stages of Johne’s disease, cows will often intermittently shed MAP and exhibit peaks and troughs of antibody production until reaching the clinical stage of the disease. This tool for understanding Johnes testing schemes focuses on two major principles: identifying the map organism itself and looking for the animal’s antibody response to the disease.

Where to find the original material: https://www.nmr.co.uk/uploads/files/files/testingforjohnes.pdf;
Country: United Kingdom;

153 Biosecurity Measures to Control Salmonella and Other Infectious Agents in Pig Farms – A Review (Research paper – Andres, 2015)

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153 Research paper – Andres – 2015 – Biosecurity Measures to Control Salmonella and Other Infectious Agents in Pig Farms_ A Review

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \ Pathogen management
Species targeted: Pigs;
Summary:
Salmonellosis is the 2nd most common cause of human bacterial food poisoning and can be acquired from eating both contaminated meat or eggs, either via direct consumption of the contaminated product or by cross-contamination with other food while preparing meals in the kitchen. Pork is considered, after eggs, the major source of infection in humans in the EU, mainly the S. typhymurium species. Good control measures at the farm level are likely to correspond with lower prevalence of infection and, subsequently, a reduction of cross-contamination of carcasses processed at the slaughterhouse. This review focuses on biosecurity measures in pig farms that can help to control important pig diseases at the same time as reducing the within-herd prevalence of Salmonella. This information is likely to provide an economic incentive for farmers to apply improved general standards of farm biosecurity and hygiene management that would have a positive impact in food safety.

Where to find the original material: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277725160_Biosecurity_Measures_to_Control_Salmonella_and_Other_Infectious_Agents_in_Pig_Farms_A_Review; https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12137

Country: UK

152 Rispoval IBR Marker vaccines by Zoetis (Tools & Checklists)

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152 ToolsChecklists – Rispoval IBR Marker vaccines by Zoetis

SIG: Pathogen management \ Vaccination
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) is caused by Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), a highly infectious virus which spreads both directly (animal to animal and over short distances through the air), and indirectly (e.g. on clothing and equipment). Infection in naïve animals can result in respiratory signs, fever, milk drop and abortion. Bulk milk antibody testing shows that many dairy herds in the UK are chronically infected. Animals exposed to the virus become lifelong carriers and in times of stress, e.g calving, can start shedding virus. They ma/may not show signs of disease at this time, but they can infect others in the herd. A single dose of Rispoval IBR Marker Live followed up to 6 months later with a single dose of Rispoval IBR Marker Inactivated, allows for an annual vaccination programme using a single dose of Rispoval IBR Marker Inactivated. This checklist details the protocol for vaccinating your herd against IBR.
152

Where to find the original material: https://www.zoetis.co.uk/livestock-farming/useful-resources/index.aspx;
Country: United Kingdom;

151 Selective Dry Cow Therapy A guide for farmers by Zoetis (Tools & Checklists)

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151 ToolsChecklists – Selective Dry Cow Therapy A guide for farmers by Zoetis

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Farmer
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:
Selective dry cow therapy (SDCT) is a decision made at dry off, about whether your cows receive antibiotic dry cow therapy (ADCT) in addition to an internal teat sealant, such as OrbeSeal®. Governments, human health agencies, consumer groups and food retailers are putting greater pressure on food producers to justify the use of antibiotics. Dairy companies such as Arla now require that farmers discuss SDCT with their vets and begin to dry some cows off selectively i.e. without antibiotic tubes and only with teat sealant. The benefits of SDCT are the potential for reducing antibiotics used on farm, a reduction in the amount and severity of mastitis cases and reduced medicine costs compared to blanket combination therapy (antibiotic tube and teat sealant). This checklist provides a step by step approach to starting SDCT.

Where to find the original material: https://www.zoetis.co.uk/livestock-farming/useful-resources/index.aspx;
Country: United Kingdom;

150 Biocheck Ugent – A quantitative tool to measure biosecurity at broiler farms and the relationship with technical performance and antimicrobial use (Research paper – Gelaude, 2014)

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150 Research paper – Gelaude – 2014 – Biocheck Ugent_ a quantitative tool to measure biosecurity at broiler farms and the relationship with technical performance and antimicrobial use

SIG: Biosecurity
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young;Adult;
Summary:
The Biocheck.UGent scoring system was developed to measure and quantify the level of biosecurity on broiler farms. This tool is composed of all relevant components of biosecurity on broiler farms and is subdivided into external (purchase of 1-d-old chicks, off-farm movements of live animals, feed and water supply, removal of manure and dead birds, entrance of visitors and personnel, supply of materials, infrastructure and biological vectors, location of the farm) and internal (disease management, cleaning and disinfection, materials, and measures between compartments) biosecurity. This scoring system takes the relative importance of the different biosecurity aspects into account, resulting in a risk-based weighted score. The Biocheck.UGent scoring system can be filled in for free at www.Biocheck.UGent.be. The obtained biosecurity scores are provided immediately after completion of the questionnaire, and the scores for each subcategory can be compared with national averages to allow for benchmarking of results between colleagues.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25193257; http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.2014-04002

Country: BE

149 Collecting and transporting samples by Zoetis (Tools& Checklists)

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149 ToolsChecklists – Collecting and transporting samples by Zoetis

SIG: Pathogen management
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:
This farmer guide to collecting and transporting milk samples for bacterial culture +/- sensitivity as well as Somatic Cell Counts includes a step by step procedure for the kit required, marking and preparing the sterile pots, taking the milk sample, storing it correctly and sending it for analysis by a lab or the vets. Taking milk samples is key to identifying the bugs causing mastitis so that the correct control strategy can be selected and implemented. Environmental bugs such as Strep uberis require a different approach compared to Staph aureus or E.coli. Sensitivity testing can also help you to assess whether the antibiotic treatment protocols you are using for a clinical case are indeed effective.

Where to find the original material: https://www.zoetis.co.uk/livestock-farming/useful-resources/index.aspx;
Country: United Kingdom;