116 Information note on antibiotic resistance and the responsible use of antibiotics in farm animals by RUMA (Industry Innovation)

/in , , , , , , , , , /by

 

 

116 Industry Innovation – INFORMATION NOTE ON ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND THE RESPONSIBLE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN FARM ANIMALS by RUMA

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Antibiotic use Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Summary:
The Responsible Use of Medicines in Agriculture Alliance (RUMA) is an alliance of over 26 industry organisations representing every stage of food production from “farm to fork”. See www.ruma.org.uk/about/ruma-members for full list of current member organisations. RUMA aims to promote a co-ordinated and integrated approach to best practice in the use of medicines for farm animals. RUMA provides free guidance to farmers and vets on the responsible and effective use of medicines in agriculture. Responsible use of antibiotics on farms means using antibiotics as little as possible and as much as necessary. Regardless of the farming system, the focus for improved animal husbandry should include improved biosecurity practices and on-going vet and farmer training on disease prevention and the responsible use of antibiotics.

https://www.ruma.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/RUMA-NOTE-ON-AMR-AND-THE-RESPONSIBLE-USE-OF-ANTIBIOTICS-IN-FARM-ANIMALS-Final-updated-130420-1;
Country: UK

115 Avoiding Milk Antibiotic Residues by British Veterinary Cattle Association (Tools & Checklists)

/in , , , , /by

 

 

115 ToolsChecklists – Avoiding Milk Antibiotic Residues by British Veterinary Cattle Association

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Farmer
Species targeted: Dairy;

Summary: This practical guide to avoiding milk antibiotic residues is available via a poster from the BCVA (British Cattle Veterinary Association), with pointers on how dairy farmers can make sure their milk always meets the stringent antibiotic residues standards.
Unless advised by your veterinary surgeon, follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the correct number of treatments, between treatments and withholding time. If in doubt, consult your veterinary surgeon, who may recommend the use of an antibiotic residue test.
You must ensure milk is clear of antibiotics and this is part of your milk contract. Follow data sheet and vet advice on all treatments. If you vary treatment (combinations of products, or vary dose, frequency or prolong treatment) this can affect withdrawal times. A minimum 7-day milk withdrawal must be applied and the milk tested before being put in the tank.

https://www.bva.co.uk/take-action/our-policies/anthelmintic-resistance-and-responsible-use-in-livestock/
Country: United Kingdom

114 Anthelmintic resistance and responsible use in livestock by British Vet Association (Industry Innovation)

/in , , , , , /by

 

 

114 Industry Innovation – Anthelmintic resistance and responsible use in livestock by British Vet Association

114 Industry Innovation
Anthelmintic resistance and responsible use in livestock
by British Vet Association
In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Different for different species;
Summary: Anthelmintics must be used responsibly as part of a farm-specific strategic anthelmintic plan. All prescribers of Anthelmintics (to include Vets and Suitably Qualified Persons) should:• use diagnostic information for each parasite risk period to ensure treatment of only those animals that need it• target the drug used to the parasite to be treated• treat based on actual body weight• understand the interplay of other host species and intermediate host species• advise that newly treated animals should not be moved immediately onto clean pasture• explain and emphasise the importance of quarantining incoming animals, assessing their parasite burden, faecal worm egg counts, and response to treatment• investigate suspected cases of resistance and advise on the selection of alternatives from other classes of anthelmintic drugs• report suspected cases of lack of efficacy to the Veterinary Medicines Directorate• encourage holistic and integrated preventive strategies.

https://www.bva.co.uk/take-action/our-policies/anthelmintic-resistance-and-responsible-use-in-livestock
Country: UK

113 Position Statement – Veterinary Stewardship of the Responsible Use of Antimicrobial Drugs in Animals by CVO (Industry Innovation)

/in , , , , , , , /by

 

 

113 Industry Innovation – Position Statement – Veterinary Stewardship of the Responsible Use of Antimicrobial Drugs in Animals by CVO

113 Industry Innovation
Position Statement – Veterinary Stewardship of the Responsible Use of Antimicrobial Drugs in Animals
by CVO
In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Different for different species
Summary: The authority to prescribe drugs is a privilege that is afforded to few professions. The increase in antimicrobial resistance has placed an even higher societal duty on the veterinary profession to act as stewards with respect to the prudent and responsible use of antimicrobial drugs. Every veterinarian has a valuable role to play in the effort to combat antimicrobial resistance and to preserve the effectiveness of antimicrobial drugs and their availability for both veterinary and human use. As part of good stewardship, the College Veterinarians in Ontario expects a veterinarian to assume an active leadership role by ensuring his or her understanding of the need for antimicrobial oversight, the existing government directives, the evolving science related to pharmaceuticals, and the most appropriate current use of antimicrobial drugs with a specific species. A veterinarian must only prescribe antimicrobial drugs within a veterinarian-client-patient relationship and where strong clinical evidence demonstrates medical need.

https://cvo.org/CVO/media/College-of-Veterinarians-of-Ontario/Resources%20and%20Publications/Position%20Statements%20and%20Guidelines/AMRPositionStatement.pdf;

Country: CA

112 Effect of Antimicrobial Consumption and Production Type on Antibacterial Resistance in the Bovine Respiratory and Digestive Tract (Research paper; Catry, 2016)

/in , , , , , /by

 

 

112 Research paper – Catry – 2016 – Effect of Antimicrobial Consumption and Production Type on Antibacterial Resistance in the Bovine Respiratory and Digestive Tract

112 Research paper
Effect of Antimicrobial Consumption and Production Type on Antibacterial Resistance in the Bovine Respiratory and Digestive Tract
by Catry, B., Dewulf, J., Maes, D., Pardon, B., Callens, B., Vanrobaeys, M., Opsomer, G., de Kruif, A. and F. Haesebrouck. 2016 PLOS ONE 11: e0146488 (16p.)
In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Dairy; Beef;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary: The relationship between antimicrobial use and the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in cattle was investigated in this study. Three types of production system were investigated for 2 years, for a total of 25 herds: 10 dairy, 10 beef, and 5 veal herds. Two different types of bacteria were sampled for the monitoring of intestinal and nasal resistance. The use of antimicrobials was recorded on 15 of these farms (5 of each production type). Antimicrobial resistance rates for 12 antimicrobial agents demonstrated large differences between intensively reared veal calves and more extensively reared dairy and beef cattle. Data analysis showed a strong relation between intensity of antimicrobial use and increased resistance. Antimicrobials given in orally in low doses and antimicrobials used preventively as group medication promoted the rise of multi-drug resistance in bacteria from the digestive and respiratory system.

Country: BE

109 A Bayesian micro-simulation to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of interventions for mastitis control during the dry period in UK dairy herds (Research paper; Down, 2016)

/in , , , , , /by

 

 

109 Research paper – Down – 2016 – A Bayesian micro-simulation to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of interventions for mastitis control during the dry period in UK dairy herds

109 Research paper
A Bayesian micro-simulation to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of interventions for mastitis control during the dry period in UK dairy herds
by Down, P.M., Bradley, A.J., Breen, J.E., Browne, W.J., Kypraios, T. and M.J. Green
2016 Preventive Veterinary Medicine 133: 64-72
In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ Other Pathogen management
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary: It is still unknown which type of interventions will reduce the risk of getting mastitis in the dry period, particularly with regard to cost-effectiveness. This study has gathered data from 77 UK dairy farms that participated in a British mastitis control programme during 2009–2012, with most intramammary infections being acquired during the dry period. The data contained clinical mastitis (CM) and somatic cell count (SCC) records, herd management practices and details of interventions that were implemented by the farmer as part of the control plan. Interventions identified as being cost-effective in most circumstances included selecting dry-cow therapy at the cow level, dry-cow rations formulated by a qualified nutritionist, use of individual calving pens, first milking cows within 24 h of calving and spreading bedding evenly in dry-cow yards. These results can be used to optimize decision making in mastitis control.
Country: UK

108 Guidance on the Selection of Appropriate Indicators for Quantification of Antimicrobial Usage in Humans and Animals (Research paper; Collineau, 2016)

/in , , , , , , , /by

108 Research paper – Collineau – 2016 – Guidance on the Selection of Appropriate Indicators for Quantification of Antimicrobial Usage in Humans and Animals

108 Research paper
Guidance on the Selection of Appropriate Indicators for Quantification of Antimicrobial Usage in Humans and Animals by Collineau, L., Belloc, C., Stärk, K.D., Hémonic, A., Postma, M., Dewulf, J. and C. Chauvin. 2016 Zoonoses and public health 64: 165-184
In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef;
Summary: To quantify antimicrobial usage various types of measures are available. These are here referred to as indicators of antimicrobial use. These range from sales, deliveries or reimbursement data in human and veterinary medicine. Still, results can differ substantially depending on the method used. The best way to select the appropriate indicators of antimicrobial usage, is important to first determine the objective of the study. If the goal is compare groups (or populations), it is preferable to use standard parameters. However, to measure exposure it is better to use actual (non-standardized) parameters. There are several issues associated with the choice of indicators for antimicrobial use. These are further discussed in this article.

Where to find the original material: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/zph.12298; https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12298

Country: FR

107 Impact of slurry and manure management on the degradation of antibiotics (Research paper; Levasseur, 2015)

/in , , , , , , , , /by

 

 

107 Research paper – Levasseur- 2015 – Impact of slurry and manure management on the degradation of antibiotics

107 Research paper
Impact of slurry and manure management on the degradation of antibiotics
by Levasseur, P. and A. Hémonic. 2015 Cahiers de l’IFIP 2: 27-48
In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Young; Adult; Different for different species;
Summary: Research shows that the antibiotics most often found in livestock manure are tetracyclines, sulphonamides, macrolides, quinolones and fluoroquinolones. These will later on end up and which end up in the environment. This paper reviews the ways in which antibiotics can be removed during the main possibilities of slurry management: from administration to the animal to the soil after spreading. Animals discharge 30–90% of administered antibiotics unchanged or as active metabolites. During storage, most antibiotics form complexes with soluble organic matter and remain fairly stable. After spreading, soil can have some protective effect. Treatment processes can remove antibiotics, especially composting. Wastewater treatment by activated sludge and anaerobic digestion can also reduce antibiotic contamination. In order to estimate the real risk of resistance, is is still necessary to link these results with the occurrence of resistant bacteria and genes in various compartments (livestock manure, water and soil).
Country: FR

103 Surveillance of cattle health in the Netherlands – Monitoring trends and developments using routinely-collected cattle census data (Research paper; Santman-Berends et al., 2016)

/in , , , , /by

 

 

103 Research paper – Santman-Berends – 2016 – Surveillance of cattle health in the Netherlands – Monitoring trends and developments using routinely collected cattle census data

103 Research paper
Surveillance of cattle health in the Netherlands: Monitoring trends and developments using routinely collected cattle census data
by Santman-Berends, I.M.G.A., Brouwer-Middelesch, H., Van Wuijckhuise, L., de Bont-Smolenaars, A.J.G. and G. Van Schaik
2016 Preventive Veterinary Medicine 134: 103-112
In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young;Adult;
Summary: A national cattle health surveillance system (CHSS) has been in place in the Netherlands since 2002. This system consists of several surveillance components: enhanced passive reporting, diagnostic test results and post-mortem exams, random surveys for prevalence estimation of endemic diseases and quarterly data analysis. This data-analysis component [Trend Analysis Surveillance Component(TASC)] aims to monitor trends and developments in cattle health using routine census data. The key monitoring indicators that are analysed as part of TASC all relate to cattle health and involve parameters such as mortality, fertility, udder health and antimicrobial usage. The challenges and lessons learned from developing this tool are discussed in this article. The TASC also allows to visualize trends in time, can be used to support or highlight signals that are detected in one of the other surveillance components and can provide warnings or initiate changes in policy when unfavorable trends in cattle health occur.
Where to find the original material:
Country: NL

Drinking water medication: beware of interference

/in , , , , /by

Medication should never replace good management, but sometimes a treatment is unavoidable. In poultry and pigs, medication is often administered via the drinking water. The water quality largely determines how successful the administration will be. The water composition influences the solubility and biological availability of the medication and can even have an influence on the efficacy. Hardness, pH, iron and cadmium levels are some important parameters that can interfere with the medication. This counts for medicines in general, but is of particular importance for antibiotics because partial inactivation of the antibiotic can cause antibiotic resistance. The following should be kept in mind when using antibiotic water medication:

Ampicillin/amoxicillin need a neutral to basic pH to dissolve well. They are sensitive to temperature swings and to the enzyme ‘beta lactamase’ that can be produced be bacteria present in the drinking water system (biofilm!).

Tetracycline’s are poorly soluble. Calcium in hard water forms complexes with tetracycline’s. These complexes are poorly absorbed in the digestive tract. Acidification of the water can improve the solubility as well as the absorption.

Sulphonamides can be captured by organic substances.

Most antibiotics are unstable in solution (e.g. amoxicillin solution: shelf life 6h). They should be administered in an appropriate volume of water so that the animals drink everything in time.

These examples illustrate the importance of water quality when administering antibiotics. For each specific antibiotic treatment via the water, the compatibility of the antibiotic with the drinking water (and water treatment products!) should be discussed with the advising veterinarian.