411 – Passive immunisation an old idea revisited – Basic principles and application to modern animal production systems (Research paper – Hedegaard – 2016)

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411 Research paper – Hedegaard – 2016 – Passive immunisation an old idea revisited_ Basic principles and application to modern animal production systems

411 Research paper
Passive immunisation, an old idea revisited: Basic principles and application to modern animal production systems by Hedegaard C.J. and P.M.H. Heegaard
2016 Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology Volume 174: 50-63
In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
Immunisation by administration of antibodies (immunoglobulins) has been known for more than one hundred years as a very efficient means of obtaining immediate, short-lived protection against infection and/or against the disease-causing effects of toxins from microbial pathogens and from other sources. This review highlights a number of examples on the use of passive immunisation for the control of infectious disease in the modern production of a range of animals, including pigs, cattle, sheep, goat, poultry and fish. It is concluded that provided highly efficient, relatively low-price immunoglobulin products are available, passive immunisation has a clear role in the modern animal production sector as a means of controlling infectious diseases, importantly with a very low risk of causing development of bacterial resistance, thus constituting a real and widely applicable alternative to antibiotics.
411 Research paper – Hedegaard – 2016 – Passive immunisation an old idea revisited_ Basic principles and application to modern animal production systems

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165242716300642?via%3Dihub; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.04.007
Country: Denmark

410 – Finding alternatives to antibiotics (Research paper – Allen – 2014)

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410 Research paper – Allen – 2014 – Finding alternatives to antibiotics

410 Research paper
Finding alternatives to antibiotics by Allen, H.K., Trachsel, J., Looft, T. and T.A. Casey 2014 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1323: 91-100
In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
The spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens requires new treatments. As the rate of development of new antibiotics has severely declined, alternatives to antibiotics must be considered in both animal agriculture and human medicine. Products for disease prevention are different from those for disease treatment, and examples of both are discussed here. For example, modulating the gut microbial community, either through feed additives or fecal transplantation, could be a promising way to prevent certain diseases; for disease treatment, non-antibiotic approaches include phage therapy, phage lysins, bacteriocins, and predatory bacteria. Interestingly, several of these methods augment antibiotic efficacy by improving bacterial killing and decreasing antibiotic resistance selection. Because bacteria can ultimately evolve resistance to almost any therapeutic agent, it is important to continue to use both antibiotics and their alternatives judiciously.
410 Research paper – Allen – 2014 – Finding alternatives to antibiotics
Where to find the original material: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24953233/; DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12468
Country: USA

409 – Antibiotic use and resistance in animals – Belgian initiatives (Research paper – Daeseleire – 2016)

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409 Research paper – Daeseleire – 2016 – Antibiotic use and resistance in animals_ Belgian initiatives

409 Research paper
Antibiotic use and resistance in animals: Belgian initiatives by Daeseleire, E. De Graef, E., Rasschaert, G., De Mulder, T., Van den Meersche, T., Van Coillie, E., Jeroen Dewulf, J. and M. Heyndrickx 2016 Drug Testing and Analysis 8: 549–555
In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
The widespread use of antibiotics in animals is causing concerns about the growing risk for development and the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Antibiotic consumption is higher in animals than in humans as reported in a joint publication of EFSA (European Food Safety Agency), ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control), and EMA (European Medicines Agency) using data from 2011 and 2012. Both in humans and animals, positive associations between the consumption of antibiotics and resistant bacteria are observed. Responsible use of antibiotics in humans and animals should therefore be promoted. In this paper some general aspects of antibiotic resistance such as microbiological versus clinical resistance, intrinsic versus acquired resistance, resistance mechanisms, and transfer of resistance are briefly introduced.
409 Research paper – Daeseleire – 2016 – Antibiotic use and resistance in animals_ Belgian initiatives
Where to find the original material: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/dta.2010; https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.2010
Country: Belgium

408 – Milk acidification to control the growth of Mycoplasma bovis and Salmonella Dublin in contaminated milk (Research paper – Parker – 2016)

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408 Research paper – Parker – 2016 – Milk acidification to control the growth of Mycoplasma bovis and Salmonella Dublin in contaminated milk

408 Research paper
Milk acidification to control the growth of Mycoplasma bovis and Salmonella Dublin in contaminated milk by Parker, A.M., House, J.K., Hazelton, M.S., Bosward, K.L., Mohler, V.L., Maunsell and P.A. Sheehy 2016 Journal of Dairy Science 99: 9875–9884
In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health \ Early feeding (colostrum/feed)
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young;
Summary:
Bacterial contamination of milk fed to calves compromises calf health. Several bacterial pathogens that infect cows, including Mycoplasma bovis and Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar Dublin, are shed in milk, providing a possible route of transmission to calves. Milk acidification lowers the milk pH so that it is unsuitable for bacterial growth and survival. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the growth of M. bovis and Salmonella Dublin in milk, and (2) evaluate the efficacy of milk acidification using commercially available acidification agent (Salstop, Impextraco, Heist-op-den-Berg, Belgium) to control M. bovis and Salmonella Dublin survival in milk. Results demonstrate that milk acidification using Salstop is effective at eliminating viable M. bovis and Salmonella Dublin organisms in milk if the appropriate pH and exposure time are maintained.
408 Research paper – Parker – 2016 – Milk acidification to control the growth of Mycoplasma bovis and Salmonella Dublin in contaminated milk
Where to find the original material: https://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(16)30661-0/fulltext; http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11537
Country: Australia

407 – Effects of feeding untreated pasteurized and acidified waste milk and bunk tank milk on the performance serum metabolic profiles immunity and intestinal development in Holstein calves (Research paper – Zou – 2017)

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407 Research paper – Zou – 2017 – Effects of feeding untreated pasteurized and acidified waste milk and bunk tank milk on the performance serum metabolic profiles immunity and intestinal

407 Research paper
Effects of feeding untreated, pasteurized and acidified waste milk and bunk tank milk on the performance, serum metabolic profiles, immunity, and intestinal development in Holstein calves by Zou, Y., Wang, Y., Deng, Y. Cao, Z., Li, S., and J. Wang 2017 Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 8: 11p
In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health \ Early feeding (colostrum/feed)
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young;
Summary:
The present experiment was performed to assess the effects of different sources of milk on the growth performance, serum metabolism, immunity, and intestinal development of calves. Eighty-four Holstein male neonatal calves were assigned to one of the following four treatment groups: those that received bunk tank milk(BTM), untreated waste milk (UWM), pasteurized waste milk (PWM), and acidified waste milk (AWM) for 21 d.Conclusions: Overall, bunk tank milk is the best choice for calf raising compared to waste milk. The efficiency offeeding pasteurized and acidified waste milk are comparable, and the acidification of waste milk is an acceptablelabor-saving and diarrhea-preventing feed for young calves.
407 Research paper – Zou – 2017 – Effects of feeding untreated pasteurized and acidified waste milk and bunk tank milk on the performance serum metabolic profiles immunity and intestinal development in Holstein calves
Where to find the original material: https://jasbsci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40104-017-0182-4; DOI 10.1186/s40104-017-0182-4
Country: China

 

406 – Effects of butyric acid supplementation (Research paper – Sun – 2019)

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406 Research paper – Sun – 2019 – Effects of butyric acid supplementation

406 Research paper
Effects of butyric acid supplementation of acidified milk on digestive function and weaning stress of cattle calves by Sun, Y.Y., Li, J., Meng, Q.S., Wu, D.L. and M. Xu
2019 Livestock Science Volume 225: 78-84
In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health \ Early feeding (colostrum/feed)
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young;
Summary:
Feed supplements can enhance the health and productivity of livestock. The effects of butyric acid supplementation of acidified milk (AM) on the digestive function of calves and weaning stress were investigated. Thirty-six Holstein calves with a mean age of 5 ± 1 d were selected and divided into three groups (n = 12) and fed: (1) AM (CON); (2) AM + 0.3% butyric acid (BA0.3); or (3) AM + 0.6% butyric acid (BA0.6). Body weight (BW) and body size indicators were recorded during the preweaning stage. At 56 d, 18 calves were euthanized to determine the length and width of their ruminal papillae, duodenum villi, jejunum villi, and ileal villi; emptied rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum weight; and small intestinal mucosa thickness. In conclusion, the addition of butyric acid to AM can reduce the rate of diarrhea, weaning stress and improve metabolic and physical development of the gastrointestinal tract.
406 Research paper – Sun – 2019 – Effects of butyric acid supplementation of acidified milk on digestive function and weaning stress of cattle calves
Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S187114131930318X?via%3Dihub; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2019.04.021
Country: China

405 – Code of Good Practice Regarding the Responsible Prescribing and Use of Antibiotics in Farm Animals by Irish Farmers IFA and Veterinary Practitioners (Tools & Checklists)

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405 ToolsChecklists – Code of Good Practice Regarding the Responsible Prescribing and Use of Antibiotics in Farm Animals by Irish Farmers IFA and Veterinary Practitioners

405 Tools & Checklists
Code of Good Practice Regarding the Responsible Prescribing and Use of Antibiotics in Farm Animals by Irish Farmers (IFA) and Veterinary Practitioners (Veterinary Ireland)
In Significant Impact Groups:
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age:
Summary:
Responsible use of antibiotics means aiming to use “as little as possible and as much as necessary”. A „Code of Good Practice Regarding the Responsible Prescribing and Use of Antibiotics in Farm Animals‟ was launched in November 2018. These Guidelines have been developed by Irish Farmers and Veterinary Practitioners to guide good practice in the responsible prescribing and use of antibiotics in farm animals, in response to the global societal challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The development of and spread of AMR is a challenge for public and animal health into the future. Farmers have a key role to play by working to keep antibiotics effective for future generations through improving animal health and reducing levels of use on farms.
Where to find the original material: https://www.gov.ie/pdf/?file=https://assets.gov.ie/94001/550a156d-4ccb-40fe-97c1-ecb860263a0b.pdf#page=1
Country: Ireland

404 Bioexclusion – Keeping Infectious Diseases Out of Your Herd by Animal Health Ireland (Tools & Checklists)

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404 ToolsChecklists – Bioexclusion_ Keeping Infectious Diseases Out of Your Herd by Animal Health Ireland

404 Tools & Checklists
Bioexclusion: Keeping Infectious Diseases Out of Your Herd by Animal Health Ireland
In Significant Impact Groups:
Species targeted: Dairy; Beef;
Age:
Summary:

Threats to the health of your stock may come from outside your farm and from within your farm. Protecting the health of animals on your farm by implementing simple preventative practices is called Biosecurity. There are two types of BIOSECURITY PRACTICES: 1. Actions taken to reduce the risk of infectious disease coming into your farm (BIOEXCLUSION). 2. Actions taken to reduce spread of infectious diseases within your farm (BIOCONTAINMENT). You can reduce (but not always eliminate) the risk of bringing-in disease by implementing bioexclusion practices. This leaflet deals with practical steps to help you improve and maintain a high level of Bioexclusion. As herds expand farmers need to be even more conscious of implementing bioexclusion practices.

Where to find the original material: https://animalhealthireland.ie/?page_id=397;
Country: Ireland

401 Intra Repiderma spray by Intracare BV (Industry Innovation)

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401 Industry Innovation – Intra Repiderma spray by Intracare BV

401 Industry Innovation
Intra Repiderma spray by Intracare B.V.
In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ Other
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
The udder cleft incidence on a farm is often underestimated, particularly on farms with a milking robot. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to regularly check the udders of all animals using a telescopic inspection mirror. Udder cleft issues like udder cleft dermatitis or foul udder are often located between the front teats and at the transition of the front quarters and the abdominal wall. Although this condition is well known in the dairy industry, not much research has been performed. This is the first large-scale study that demonstrates the positive effect of the non-antibiotic Intra Repiderma spray on mild udder skin issues. Spraying of the mild udder skin cases every 2 days resulted in 81.8% full skin recovery with a median time for recovery of 4 weeks.

Where to find the original material: https://www.intracare.nl/r-d/publications/prevention-care-of-udder-cleft-dermatitis-in-dairy-cows;
Country: NL

Hoof trimming in dairy cows

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Diseases of the hoof affect the welfare of the animal and require expensive treatments, with negative effects on milk production and reproductive activity. Studies conducted worldwide estimate that the prevalence of laminitis is between 20 and 30%. The dairy cow is expected to produce large amounts of milk, often leading to combined problems of the udder and hooves. The pressure on the cow’s body to produce milk determines a metabolic stress that decrease her immunity.

The main causes of diseases of the hoof in cows are: high stocking densities in the stable; poor quality of the floor on which the cow treads, frequent changes to grouping, excessive energy and protein from the feed ration, and genetics (the problems of the hooves are inherited through breeding).

Several measures can help to prevent hoof diseases in dairy cows, such as: maintaining good hygiene in the shelters, keeping the floors of the barn clean and dry; bathing the hoof of the cows before or after leaving the milking parlour and maintaining the same bath for a period of 2-3 days; periodic trimming, at least 2-3 times a year; feeding rations which are energy and protein balanced during the transition period; reducing the frequency of modifications to the feed rations; and ensuring feeds utilise good quality fats according to nutritional requirements.

In the dry period, the concentrated feed should be reduced, or even eliminated, from the ration, and after calving the inclusion of concentrates should gradually increase. The addition of Zinc to the ration has favourable effects on the skin and the hooves. Furthermore, animal breeding should be directed towards obtaining animals with strong bones, correct statutre and resistance to hoof diseases.