193 Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in meat and meat products in Latvia (Research paper – Terentjeva, 2017)

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193 Research paper – Terentjeva – 2017 – Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in meat and meat products in Latvia

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Disease/health
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
This study reports the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates from meat in Latvia. A total of 3,152 samples of raw and ready-to-eat (RTE) meats were collected during the official control and in-house control procedures in 2015. The prevalence of Salmonella was 0.8%. The highest prevalence (1.5%) of Salmonella was found in minced meat and meat preparations, while the lowest (0%) in frozen meat and meat preparations and RTE meats. Most common were S. Typhimurium (36%) and S. Derby (32%). In total, 62% of Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Altogether, 40% of isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole, 25% to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin and 20% to tetracycline. S. Typhimurium exhibited antimicrobial resistance more often (than other Salmonella serovars). The study shows that the presence of Salmonella in meat and the high prevalence of resistant strains, is a significant public health related issue in Latvia.

Where to find the original material: http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/yadda/element/bwmeta1.element.agro-52cbc8f7-4a27-4d96-840c-816425ab6e94; https://doi.org/10.5604/12321966.1235180
Country: LV

191 A Comparison of Pig Farmers and Veterinarians Perceptions and Intentions to Reduce Antimicrobial Usage in Six European Countries (Research paper – Visschers, 2016)

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191 Research paper – Visschers – 2016 – A Comparison of Pig Farmers and Veterinarians Perceptions and Intentions to Reduce Antimicrobial Usage in Six European Countries

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Farmer; AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
To manage the antimicrobial (AM) resistance problem, the usage of AM should be reduced in pig farming, as well as in other areas. A mail survey among pig farmers (N = 1,294) and an online survey among veterinarians (N = 334) was done in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland. The results showed that farmers and veterinarians had similar perceptions of the risks and benefits of AM usage. Veterinarians were more optimistic than pig farmers about reducing AM usage in pig farming. Farmers believed that their efficacy over AM reduction was relatively high. Farmers’ intention to reduce AM usage and veterinarians’ self-reported reduction behaviors were connected with factors concerning the feasibility of reducing AM usage. To promote prudent AM usage, pig farmers should learn and experience how to reduce usage by applying alternative measures, whereas veterinarians should strengthen their advisory role and competencies to support and educate farmers.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26890125; https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12260
Country: BE; CH; DK; SE; FR, DE

189 Perceptions of antimicrobial usage antimicrobial resistance and policy measures to reduce antimicrobial usage (Research paper – Visschers, 2015)

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189 Research paper – Visschers – 2015 – Perceptions of antimicrobial usage antimicrobial resistance and policy measures to reduce antimicrobial usage

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Farmer; AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
A survey of pig farmers (N = 281) was performed in Belgium, France, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland. Generally, farmers perceived their own antimicrobial usage as lower than that of their fellow countrymen and lower than or similar to that of farmers from other countries. Farmers were significantly more worried about financial/legal issues than about antimicrobial resistance. Further, farmers who worried about antimicrobial resistance and estimated their antimicrobial usage as lower than their fellow countrymen, perceived more impact from policy measures on antimicrobial reduction. Results indicated that the same policy measures can be applied to reduce antimicrobial usage in pig farming in all five countries. Moreover, increasing pig farmers’ awareness of the threat of antimicrobial resistance and its relation to antimicrobial usage is worth investing into; not only because pig farmers were not worried about antimicrobial usage but also because it affected farmers’ perception of policy measures to reduce antimicrobial usage.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25684036; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.01.018
Country: SE; CH; BE; DE; FR

188 Contribution of sociology to the study of the decrease of antimicrobial use on farms (Research paper – Ducrot, 2018)

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188 Research paper – Ducrot – 2018 – Contribution of sociology to the study of the decrease of antimicrobial use on farms

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
The implementation of the EcoAntibio plan aimed at reducing the risks of antibiotic resistance has led to a strong mobilization of the various partners in the cattle breeding and agricultural profession in the cattle industry. Actions have been carried out at different scales and research work conducted, particularly in the human and social sciences. In addition to possible technical actions, social, psychological and economic factors influence decisions to prescribe and administer antibiotics. This article provides an overview of the work that is investigating the role of these factors in the choice to reduce antibiotic use in livestock production, at the level of the farmer, in his relationship with the veterinarian and livestock advisors, and more broadly in its professional and economic environment.

Where to find the original material: https://productions-animales.org/article/view/2395; https://doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2018.31.4.2395
Country: FR: CA; US

185 Quantitative and qualitative antimicrobial usage patterns infarrow-to-finish pig herds in Belgium France Germany and Sweden (Research paper – Sjolund, 2016)

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185 Research paper – Sjolund – 2016 – Quantitative and qualitative antimicrobial usage patterns infarrow-to-finish pig herds in Belgium France Germany and Sweden

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
The aim of this study was to compare antimicrobial usage for pigs by age category, antimicrobial class and administration route for farrow-to-finish herds in four EU countries. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 227 farrow-to-finish pig herds in Belgium, France, Germany and Sweden. The Swedish herds had the lowest and the German herds the highest overall use. Most treatments were applied to weaned piglets except in the Swedish herds (with more frequent treatment of suckling piglets). Antimicrobials were most often applied through feed or water except in the Swedish herds where parenteral treatments were most frequent. Aminopenicillins was the antimicrobial class most commonly used. Belgian herd use of third and fourth generation cephalosporins was higher compared to the other countries. In summary, there were large differences in antimicrobial use for pigs between countries, herds and age groups in farrow-to-finish herds of similar size.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27435645; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.06.003
Country: BE; SE; FR; DE; CH

184 GLOBAL REPOSITORY OF AVAILABLE GUIDELINES FOR RESPONSIBLE USE OF ANTIMICROBIALS IN ANIMAL HEALTH by World Veterinary Association and OIE (Industry Innovation)

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184 Industry Innovation – GLOBAL REPOSITORY OF AVAILABLE GUIDELINES FOR RESPONSIBLE USE OF ANTIMICROBIALS IN ANIMAL HEALTH by World Veterinary Association and OIE

Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian; AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Different for different species;
Summary:
In the context of promoting prudent use of antimicrobials under veterinary supervision, the World Veterinary Association (WVA) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) conducted in 2018 a survey in order to create a global repository of available guidelines for responsible use of antimicrobials in animal health. This resource contains a list of 120 guidelines, action plans and promotional material on prudent use of antimicrobials, covering large number of countries, languages, veterinary aspects and animal species. Access to these guidelines shall serve veterinarians and other health professionals to identify best practices for antimicrobials use in animal health and to fight the development of antimicrobial resistance.

Where to find the original material: http://worldvet.org/news.php?item=417;
Country: International

183 Antimicrobial prescribing guidelines for pigs by Australian Veterinary Association (Industry Innovation)

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183 Industry Innovation – Antimicrobial prescribing guidelines for pigs by Australian Veterinary Association

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Different for different species;
Summary:
The Australian veterinary profession and livestock industries have a long history of addressing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In particular, the veterinary profession has worked in close cooperation with animal industries and governments to implement the seven objectives of Australia’s First National Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy 2015-19 (National Strategy). The antimicrobial prescribing guidelines for pigs addresses the second objective of the National Strategy. This objective requires us to ‘implement effective antimicrobial stewardship practices across human health and animal care settings to ensure the appropriate and judicious prescribing, dispensing and administering of antimicrobials’. These guidelines for the Australian pig veterinarian are a handy ‘go-to’ resource, as they have been developed specifically for Australian conditions and contain the most contemporary knowledge available on AMR. One of the key objectives of any antimicrobial stewardship program is to reduce the use of antimicrobials.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ava.com.au/siteassets/resources/fighting-antimicrobial-resistance/antimicrobial-prescribing-guidelines-for-pigs.pdf;
Country: AU

182 Categorisation of antibiotics used in animals promotes responsible use to protect public and animal health by EMA (Tools & Checklists)

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182 ToolsChecklists – Categorisation of antibiotics used in animals promotes responsible use to protect public and animal health by EMA

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age:
Summary:
Veterinarians are encouraged to check and consider EMA’s updated scientific advice on the categorisation of antibiotics when prescribing these medicines for animals in their care. This categorisation can also be used as a tool for the preparation of treatment guidelines. The scientific advice ranks antibiotics by considering both the risk that their use in animals causes to public health through the possible development of antimicrobial resistance and the need to use them in veterinary medicine. The update takes into account the World Health Organization’s CIA list, i.e. those of most relevance for human health. The EMA also evaluated the impact of the route of administration on the selection of AMR and included its conclusions in a separate list to consider when prescribing antibiotics. The classification now comprises four categories, from A to D: Avoid, Restrict, Caution and Prudence.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/categorisation-antibiotics-european-union-answer-request-european-commission-updating-scientific_en.pdf;
Country: EU;

181 UK Veterinary Antibiotic Resistance and Sales Surveillance (VARSS) Report 2018 by Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD) (Industry Innovation)

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181 Industry Innovation – UK Veterinary Antibiotic Resistance and Sales Surveillance (VARSS) Report 2018 by Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD)

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
In the UK, pharmaceutical companies have reported the quantity of authorised veterinary antibiotics sold throughout the country to the VMD since 1993; this has been a statutory requirement since 2005. Sales of veterinary antibiotics for use in food-producing animals, adjusted for animal population, were 29.5 mg/kg; a 3 mg/kg (9%) and 33mg/kg (53%) decrease since 2017 and 2014 respectively. Sales of highest priority critically important antibiotics (HP-CIAs) in food-producing animals dropped by a further 0.4 tonnes (18%) from an already low level in 2017; a drop of 3.1 tonnes (66%) since 2014. Overall, tetracyclines remain the most sold antibiotic class (38%), followed by beta-lactams (27%) and trimethoprim/sulphonamides (10%). Sales of HP-CIAs in all animal species represent a small proportion (0.7%) of the overall antibiotic sales.

Where to find the original material: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/842678/PCDOCS-_1705145-v1-UK-VARSS_2018_Report__2019__FINAL_v2.pdf;
Country: UK

180 Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 30 European countries in 2016. Trends from 2010 to 2016 8th ESVAC report by European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimic (Industry Innovation)

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180 Industry Innovation – Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 30 European countries in 2016. Trends from 2010 to 2016 8th ESVAC report by European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimic

AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Different for different species;
Summary:
The 8th ESVAC report presents data on the sales of veterinary antimicrobials from 30 European countries in 2016. The report describes changes in consumption of veterinary antimicrobials for the years 2010-2016 and focuses on the changes across time in each country. Explanations for the possible reasons for the changes in the various ESVAC participating countries have been provided. The Antimicrobial Advice ad hoc Expert Group (AMEG) categories take into account the World Health Organization (WHO) categorisation of antimicrobials, the consumption of those antimicrobials in veterinary medicine, the hazards of zoonotic relevance in Europe and the risk of resistance transfer to humans. Category 2 of the AMEG categorisation includes those veterinary antimicrobials where the risk for public health is estimated to be higher than other classes of antimicrobials – fluoroquinolones, 3rd- and 4th-generation cephalosporins and polymyxins. Macrolides are not included in Category 2 and a revision of the classification of AMEG is currently ongoing.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/sales-veterinary-antimicrobial-agents-30-european-countries-2016-trends-2010-2016-eighth-esvac_en.pdf;
Country: EU