310 – A participatory farmer-led approach to changing practice around antimicrobial use on UK dairy farms (Research paper – Morgans – 2019)

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310 Research paper – Morgans – 2019 – A participatory farmer-led approach to changing practice around antimicrobial use on UK dairy farms

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Disease/health; Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
Five Farmer Action Groups (FAG) were established and followed for 2 years to understand how a participatory approach helped to achieve practical, farmer-led changes to reduce reliance on antimicrobials on their farms. Medicine Reviews, benchmarking and a co-created, practical Action Plan helped each farm to assess change in AMU. Farms implemented at least one recommendation from their Action Plan within a year with an average implementation of 54.3%. 70% of farms reduced highest priority critically important antimicrobial use over the 2 years. Knowledge exchange on herd health during the farm walks and facilitated discussions empowered farmers to change practices and a sense of solidarity arose from going through a process of change together. Knowledge gaps were identified by the farmers, particularly issues around knowledge mobilisation between veterinarians and farmers at the time of the study. The facilitators supported the knowledge mobilisation and helped build a sense of solidarity within the FAG.

Where to find the original material: https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/a-participatory-farmer-led-approach-to-changing-practice-around-a;
Country: UK

308 Antimicrobial prescription patterns of veterinarians_ introduction of a benchmarking approach (Research paper; Bos, 2015)

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308 Research paper – Bos – 2015 – Antimicrobial prescription patterns of veterinarians_ introduction of a benchmarking approach

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef;
Summary: A benchmark indicator for antimicrobial use on farms in the Netherlands was defined and introduced in 2011. As established by Dutch law, each farm is linked to one specific veterinarian (the contracted veterinarian), and therefore analysis of defined daily dosages animal per farm (DDDAF) can be done for all farms served by one veterinarian. The benchmark indicator for veterinarians estimates the likelihood of exceeding the farm action benchmark threshold for all farms for which the veterinarian is the contracted veterinarian. The added value of setting benchmarks for veterinarians is first and foremost to be found in self-regulation of the veterinarians, as the benchmark threshold is expected to stimulate veterinarians to mirror their prescription pattern to their colleagues and to trigger discussions between veterinarians.
Where to find the original material: https://academic.oup.com/jac/article/70/8/2423/811814; https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkv104
Country: NL

304 – Strategies for reduced antibiotic usage in dairy cattle farms (Research paper – Trevisi – 2014)

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304 Research paper – Trevisi – 2014 – Strategies for reduced antibiotic usage in dairy cattle farms

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Farmer; AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
The need for antibiotic treatments in dairy cattle farms can be reduced by a combined intervention scheme based on: (1) timely clinical inspections, (2) the assessment of animal-based welfare parameters, and (3) the use of predictive laboratory tests. These can provide greater insight into the current status of dairy cows and define animals at risk of contracting disease. In the long-term, improved disease control justifies the adoption of such a combined strategy. Many antibiotic treatments for chronic disease cases are often not justified after a cost/benefit analysis, because the repeated treatment does not give rise to the expected outcome in terms of animal health. With untreated cases, antibiotics may not lead to greater cure rates for some forms of mastitis. Lastly, a substantial reduction of antibiotic usage in dairy farms can be achieved through the proper use of immunomodulators, aimed at increasing immunocompetence and disease resistance of cows.

Where to find the original material: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24508188/; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.01.001.
Country: IT

303 – Antimicrobial Usage and -Resistance in Livestock – Where Should We Focus (Research paper – Magouras – 2017)Research paper – Magouras – 2017

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303 Research paper – Magouras – 2017 – Antimicrobial Usage and -Resistance in Livestock_ Where Should We Focus

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use; Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Different for different species
Summary:
Antimicrobials play a crucial role in animal health, animal welfare, and food-safety . However, a not yet quantifiable share of the burden of AMR is attributable to the use of antimicrobials in livestock production. Resistant bacteria can be introduced into the environment in many ways, such as the land application of livestock manure as fertilizer. Our understanding of AMR in livestock production is hampered by the lack of antimicrobial usage (AMU) data in many countries. AMR development and spread is driven by human behaviour, from the prescription of antimicrobials to infection prevention and control. This complexity necessitates the need for highly interdisciplinary research approaches, comprising humans, animals, and the wider environment. In line with the WHO global action plan on AMR, research should be prioritized toward understanding the social/behavioural drivers of AMU and AMR, establishing/improving systems to monitor AMU, and encouraging a holistic approach to AMR through the One-Health concept.
303 Research paper – Magouras – 2017 – Antimicrobial Usage and -Resistance in Livestock_ Where Should We Focus
Where to find the original material: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2017.00148/full; https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2017.00148
Country: CH

286 KNMvD Guideline Antimicrobial use in dry cow therapy by KNMvD (Tools & Checklists)

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286 ToolsChecklists – KNMvD Guideline Antimicrobial use in dry cow therapy by KNMvD

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:
This first veterinary guideline in the Netherlands was written to provide the bovine practitioners in the Netherlands with advice about prescription and use of antimicrobials regarding drying off dairy cows with minimization of preventive use of antimicrobials due to (sub)clinical mastitis (KNMvD 2014).The guideline is in Dutch and was published on 4 November 2013 and was adopted by the board of the KNMvD on 10 January 2014.

Where to find the original material: https://www.knmvd.nl/richtlijn-antimicrobiele-middelen-bij-het-droogzetten-van-koeien/;
Country: Netherlands;

273 – Influence of human factor on health management preventive practices and antimicrobial isuses (Research paper – Rousset – 2019)

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273 Research paper – Rousset – 2019 – Influence of human factor on health management preventive practices and antimicrobial isuses

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use; Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
In order to improve the characterization of the influence of the human factor on the variability of antimicrobial uses, a survey was conducted in 2016 with 68 broiler breeders in the Brittany and Pays de la Loire regions. The use of antimicrobials, or at least the perception of the level of use by farmers (up or down), is directly related to the perception of their profession (positive or negative). The perception of the poultry profession also seems to be linked to the observance of certain health prevention practices. Finally, a positive view of the profession seems to be associated with farmers who have an easier time taking a step back from the health events (animal mortality) and the use of antibiotic treatments. The sensitization of technical teams, from their initial training, to take these factors into account appears essential, to help them reflect on the practice of their future profession.

Where to find the original material: https://www.itavi.asso.fr/content/influence-du-facteur-humain-sur-les-pratiques-sanitaires-preventives-et-sur-les-usages;
Country: FR

256 EMA Categorisation of antibiotics for use in animals for prudent and responsible use by European Medicines Agency (Tools & Checklists)

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256 ToolsChecklists – EMA Categorisation of antibiotics for use in animals for prudent and responsible use by European Medicines Agency

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age:
Summary:
Veterinarians are encouraged to check and consider EMA’s updated scientific advice on the categorisation of antibiotics when prescribing these medicines for animals in their care. This categorisation can also be used as a tool for the preparation of treatment guidelines. The classification now comprises four categories, from A to D: Avoid, Restrict, Caution and Prudence. Category A: These medicines may not be used in food-producing animals and may be given to individual companion animals only under exceptional circumstances. Category B: The use of these medicines in animals should be restricted to mitigate the risk to public health. Category C: These antibiotics should only be used when there are no antimicrobial substances in Category D that would be clinically effective. Category D: These antibiotics can be used in animals in a prudent manner.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/infographic-categorisation-antibiotics-use-animals-prudent-responsible-use_en.pdf;
Country: European Union

255 Joining advising and innovative training in order to reduce antibiotic use in the dairy sector (Research paper – Le Guenic, 2018)

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255 Research paper – Le Guenic – 2018 – Joining advising and innovative training in order to reduce antibiotic use in the dairy sector

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
A training-program involving virtual classes and personalized advice on farm has been evaluated by an exposed/non exposed study on two themes: control of clinical mastitis and implementation of selective dry cow therapy. Exposed farmers significantly improved their knowledge regarding intramammary infections and selective dry-cow therapy compared to non-exposed farmers. Those from the “control of clinical mastitis” group have decreased the use of antibiotics against mastitis during lactating and dry period from 4 days/year/cow of antibiotic treatment to 3.1. Main messages are : precise knowledge on the role of antibiotics at drying-off, mastering use of a teatseal, respect of low cellular thresholds to sort the cows out.

Where to find the original material: http://www.journees3r.fr/IMG/pdf/texte_2_reduction_intrants_m-le_guenic-2.pdf;
Country: FR

245 Selectief droogzetten in Vlaanderen by M-Team Ughent Faculty of veterinary science (Tools & Checklists)

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245 ToolsChecklists – Selectief droogzetten in Vlaanderen by M-Team Ughent Faculty of veterinary science

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Farmer
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age:
Summary:
The tool “Selectief droogzetten in Vlaanderen” provides an easy to use flowchart to determine whether your dairy meets the requirements to start practicing selective dry cow therapy and if so provides a flowchart to assist in selecting cows needing antibiotic treatment when drying-off and which don’t. Farm determinants include: attitude towards selective dry-cow therapy, good drying-off protocol in place, absence of Streptococcus agalactiae from the herd, recording of milk production and or somatic cell count (SCC) and a bulk milk SCC less than 250 000 cells per ml. The determinants at cow level include the occurrence of clinical mastitis between the last milk production recording and the moment of drying-off, the production level at drying off, data on the last three SCC’s before drying-off and specific thresholds for the SCC per cow depending on parity and the 6 monthly geometric average of the bulk SCC of the herd.

Where to find the original material: https://m-tools.ugent.be/home/Poster_selectief_droogzetten.pdf;
Country: Belgium

212 – Temporal Relationship Between Decrease in Antimicrobial Prescription for Danish Pigs and the Yellow Card Legal Intervention Directed at Reduction of Antibiotics (Research paper – Jensen – 2014)

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212 Research paper – Jensen – 2014 – Temporal Relationship Between Decrease in Antimicrobial Prescription for Danish Pigs and the Yellow Card Legal Intervention Directed at Reduction of A

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian; AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
The potential effects of the Yellow Card intervention, enforced by Danish authorities since 2010 on the antimicrobial prescription in the Danish pig production were investigated. Descriptive analysis of temporal trends in quantitative antimicrobial prescription for pigs were performed for each administration route, age and disease group. There was a 25% decline in the total antimicrobial use per pig produced between 2009 and 2011, both in sows, piglets, weaners and finishers. Reduced prescription of some antibiotics for oral use in weaners and finishers explained 76% of the total reduction. In 2012, the overall antimicrobial use increased by 10%, as a result of slight changes of prescription patterns. On herd level, the decline and subsequent increase was mainly related to changes in number of herds receiving regular monthly prescriptions. The steep decrease in antimicrobial use in the Danish pig production was temporally related with the announcement and introduction of the Yellow Card intervention.

Where to find the original material: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25263135/; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.08.006
Country: DK