325- Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 1 (Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018)

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325 Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018 – Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 1

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Vaccination; Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
Vaccines and other alternative products can help minimize the need for antibiotics by preventing and controlling infectious diseases in animal populations, and are central to the future success of animal agriculture. This article, synthesizes and expands on the expert panel discussions regarding opportunities, challenges and needs for the development of vaccines that may reduce the need for use of antibiotics in animals. Vaccines are widely used to prevent infections in food animals. Various studies have demonstrated that their animal agricultural use can lead to significant reductions in antibiotic consumption, making them promising alternatives to antibiotics. To be widely used in food producing animals, vaccines have to be safe, effective, easy to use, and cost-effective. Although vaccines have the potential to improve animal health, safeguard agricultural productivity, and reduce antibiotic consumption and resulting resistance risks, targeted research and development investments and concerted efforts are needed to realize that potential.

Where to find the original material: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13567-018-0560-8; https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0560-8
Country: USA; UK; FR; BE; DE

324- Use of phytobiotics in broiler nutrition an alternative to infeed antibiotics (Research paper – Grashorn – 2010)

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324 Research paper – Grashorn – 2010 – Use of phytobiotics in broiler nutrition an alternative to infeed antibiotics

In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health \ Feed additives and supplements; Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
After the ban of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in the EU many alternative substances have been investigated for their potential to replace AGPs. Phytobiotics are discussed as one promising alternative due because they contain many pharmacologically active compounds. A huge number of studies have confirmed a wide range of activities of phytobiotics in poultry nutrition like stimulation of feed intake, antimicrobial, coccidiostatic and anthelmintic effects. The present paper gives a short review on the characteristics of phytobiotics, on the potential mode of action and on the effects of phytobiotics in diets on performance, carcass and meat quality and health status in broilers. Furthermore, it addresses possible safety concerns involving application of phytobiotics.
324

Where to find the original material: http://www.jafs.com.pl/Use-of-phytobiotics-in-broiler-nutrition-n-an-alternative-to-infeed-antibiotics-,66297,0,2.html; https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/66297/2010
Country: DE

322 – Antimicrobial Resistance on Farms – A Review Including Biosecurity and the Potential Role of Disinfectants in Resistance Selection (Research paper – Davies – 2019)

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322 Research paper – Davies – 2019 – Antimicrobial Resistance on Farms_ A Review Including Biosecurity and the Potential Role of Disinfectants in Resistance Selection

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Other;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Efforts to limit antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on farms have mostly focused on control of the supply and use of antimicrobial drugs, plus husbandry measures to reduce infectious disease. In the United Kingdom and some other countries, substantial progress has been made recently against targets on agricultural antimicrobial drug use. However, resistant bacteria can persist and spread within and between premises despite declining or zero antimicrobial drug use. Reasons for this include: bacterial adaptations, horizontal transmission of genetic resistance determinants between bacteria, physical transfer of bacteria via movement (of animals, workers, and equipment), ineffective cleaning and disinfection, and co-selection of resistance to certain drugs by use of other antimicrobials, heavy metals, or biocides. Aspects of biosecurity have repeatedly been identified as risk factors for the presence of AMR on farm premises, but there are still large gaps in our understanding of the most important risk factors and the most effective interventions.

Where to find the original material: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1541-4337.12438; https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12438
Country: UK

320 – Animal Sound Talks Real-time Sound Analysis for Health Monitoring in Livestock (Research paper – Berckmans – 2015)

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320 Research paper – Berckmans – 2015 – Animal Sound Talks Real-time Sound Analysis for Health Monitoring in Livestock

In Significant Impact Groups: Precision Livestock Farming & Early detection \ Sensor technology
Species targeted: Pigs; Beef;
Age: Young;
Summary:
Precision livestock farming (PLF) is a livestock management technology. Sound-based PLF techniques have significant advantages over other technologies such as cameras. Besides the fact that microphones are contactless and relatively cheap, there is no need for a direct line of sight, while large groups of animals can be monitored with a single sensor in a room. This paper presents an example of a PLF product, the respiratory distress monitor, which automatically monitors the respiratory health status of a group of pigs. Results of five different use cases are discussed to show the effectiveness of the respiratory distress monitor as an early warning tool for respiratory problems in a pig house. It is demonstrated that the tool works for the early detection of animal responses due to technical issues (ventilation problems) and health issues in a wide range of different conditions in commercial European pig houses.

Where to find the original material: https://limo.libis.be/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=LIRIAS1673361&context=L&vid=Lirias&search_scope=Lirias&tab=default_tab&lang=en_US&fromSitemap=1;
Country: BE

316 – Effects of Reducing Antimicrobial Use and Applying a Cleaning and Disinfection Program in veal calve farming (Research paper – Dorado-Garcia – 2015

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316 Research paper – Dorado-Garcia k – 2015 – Effects of Reducing Antimicrobial Use and Applying a Cleaning and Disinfection Program in veal calve farming

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \Internal biosecurity; Housing
Species targeted: Beef;
Age: Young;
Summary:
This study evaluated strategies to curb livestock-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA). Fifty-one veal calf farms were assigned to one of 3 study arms: RAB farms reducing antimicrobials by protocol; RAB-CD farms reducing antimicrobials by protocol and applying a cleaning and disinfection program; and Control farms without interventions. MRSA carriage was tested in week 0 and week 12 of 2 consecutive production cycles in farmers, family members and veal calves.
This intervention study showed that lower levels of antimicrobial consumption significantly reduced the probability for MRSA carriage in veal calves. The specific cleaning and disinfection program used in this study was not shown to be successful, possibly because it resulted in increased MRSA air loads. A set of determinants for MRSA in calves were disclosed longitudinally to possibly give shape to more refined additional future interventions.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4549302/pdf/pone.0135826.pdf ; https://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135826
Country: NL

315 – Determinants of antimicrobial treatment for udder health in Danish dairy cattle herds (Research paper – Gussmann – 2017)

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315 Research paper – Gussmann – 2017 – Determinants of antimicrobial treatment for udder health in Danish dairy cattle herds

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
This study analyzes database recordings of milk yield and somatic cell count from routine milk recording schemes, clinical registrations of mastitis, and cow factors such as days in milk and parity in relation to antibiotic treatments for 518 dairy herds in Denmark. Analysis was performed to identify the driving predictors for treatment in different groups of farms. The results showed that determinants that were most important for predicting antibiotic treatments vary from one farm to another. Health indicators such as test results or somatic cell count were most indicative for treatment on some farms, whereas other groups seemed to depend more on production factors (milk yield) or later culling of the cows. This shows that farmers behave differently and differences can be identified in register data. This information can be considered when developing cost-effective herd-specific control measures of mastitis to promote prudent use of antibiotics in Danish dairy cattle farms.

Where to find the original material: https://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(17)30952-9/fulltext; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-12994
Country: DA

314 The Seed Feed and Weed approach to managing intestinal health in drug-free production systems by The Poultry Informed Professional (Industry Innovation)

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314 Industry Innovation – The Seed Feed and Weed approach to managing intestinal health in drug-free production systems by The Poultry Informed Professional

In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health \ Feeding management
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
The three most important legs of an effective intestinal management program include: “seeding” the gut with favourable organisms, “feeding” the favourable organisms and “weeding” out the unfavourable organisms. This involves applying a probiotic/competitive exclusion product as soon after hatch as possible. Adding a suitable organic acid via the drinking water to increasing its concentration in the small intestine and enhance the capacity of the favourable organisms to colonize and rapidly dominate the microbial community of the small intestine. Blocking the attachment mechanism of unfavourable organisms with a type-1 fimbria blocker and thereby reducing their capacity to compete with the favourable organisms in the gut.

Where to find the original material: https://journals.co.za/doi/10.10520/ejc-vp_afma_v30_n4_a10
Country: US

311 – Non-antibiotic feed additives in diets for pigs – A review (Research paper – Liu – 2018)

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311 Research paper – Liu – 2018 – Non-antibiotic feed additives in diets for pigs_ A review

In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health \ Feed additives and supplements
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
A number of feed additives are marketed to assist in boosting the pigs’ immune system, regulate gut microbiota, and reduce negative impacts of weaning and other environmental challenges. The most commonly used feed additives include acidifiers, zinc and copper, prebiotics, direct-fed microbials, yeast products, nucleotides, and plant extracts. Inclusion of pharmacological levels of zinc and copper, certain acidifiers, and several plant extracts have been reported to result in improved pig performance or improved immune function of pigs. It is also possible that use of prebiotics, direct-fed microbials, yeast, and nucleotides may have positive impacts on pig performance, but results have been less consistent and there is a need for more research in this area.

Where to find the original material: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30140751/; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2018.01.007.
Country: US

310 – A participatory farmer-led approach to changing practice around antimicrobial use on UK dairy farms (Research paper – Morgans – 2019)

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310 Research paper – Morgans – 2019 – A participatory farmer-led approach to changing practice around antimicrobial use on UK dairy farms

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Disease/health; Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
Five Farmer Action Groups (FAG) were established and followed for 2 years to understand how a participatory approach helped to achieve practical, farmer-led changes to reduce reliance on antimicrobials on their farms. Medicine Reviews, benchmarking and a co-created, practical Action Plan helped each farm to assess change in AMU. Farms implemented at least one recommendation from their Action Plan within a year with an average implementation of 54.3%. 70% of farms reduced highest priority critically important antimicrobial use over the 2 years. Knowledge exchange on herd health during the farm walks and facilitated discussions empowered farmers to change practices and a sense of solidarity arose from going through a process of change together. Knowledge gaps were identified by the farmers, particularly issues around knowledge mobilisation between veterinarians and farmers at the time of the study. The facilitators supported the knowledge mobilisation and helped build a sense of solidarity within the FAG.

Where to find the original material: https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/a-participatory-farmer-led-approach-to-changing-practice-around-a;
Country: UK

309 – Role of Feed Processing on Gut Health and Function in Pigs and Poultry_ Conundrum of Optimal Particle Size and Hydrothermal Regimens (Research paper – Kiarie – 2019)

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309 Research paper – Kiarie – 2019 – Role of Feed Processing on Gut Health and Function in Pigs and Poultry_ Conundrum of Optimal Particle Size and Hydrothermal Regimens

In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health \ Feed composition
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Processing livestock feed influences gut health/function, efficacy of feed enzymes and nutrient availability. Finer feed particles allow better absorption of nutrients (increased surface area allowing better contact with digestive enzymes) and enhance animal performance. There is a limit to the particle size; very fine particles negatively affect gut health, i.e. stomach ulceration in pigs and gizzard dysfunction in poultry. Coarse particle size increases stomach and hindgut acidification, which may be beneficial in controlling overgrowth of gut bacteria, such as salmonella and E. coli. However, since most commercial pig/poultry diets are subject to heating to reduce levels of feed-borne bacteria (e.g. Salmonella) reduction of feed particle size is inevitable. However, achieving high nutritional quality and processing at high temperatures does not favour high nutrient availability and stability of heat sensitive enzymes. Therefore, feed processing balance maximum nutrient utilization, feed hygiene status, stability of enzymes post-processing and impact on gut health.

Where to find the original material: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30838217/; https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00019
Country: CA