164 EPRUMA Best-practice framework for the use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals in the EU – Reaching for the next level by EPRUMA (Tools & Checklists)

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164 ToolsChecklists – EPRUMA Best-practice framework for the use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals in the EU – Reaching for the next level by EPRUMA – European Platform for the Res

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Legislation and incentives
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age:
Summary:
EPRUMA best practice guidelines for the use of antibiotics combines a holistic and specific approach to facilitate the further optimisation of animal health at specific sector level and at individual farm level. The main objective of this combined approach is to reach the highest achievable level of animal health by determining, working towards and maintaining an optimal balance between different elements that may have an impact on animal health, e.g. nutrition, housing, etc. Tailoring to the local situation of an individual farm and final implementation are the shared responsibility of the farm owner/animal caretaker and other professional visitors to the farm, such as veterinarians, feed and husbandry experts, and biosecurity specialists. Efforts made by the farmer and these professional consultants, supported by all other stakeholders, will result in an optimal level of animal health and welfare. The document also includes decision tree for the responsible use of veterinary antibiotics.

Where to find the original material: https://www.epruma.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/EPRUMAABNextlevel-Englis.pdf;
Country: EU;

163 Best-practice framework for the use of vaccines in animals by EPRUMA – European Platform for the Responsible Using of Medicines in Animals (Tools & Checklists)

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163 ToolsChecklists – Best-practice framework for the use of vaccines in animals by EPRUMA – European Platform for the Responsible Using of Medicines in Animals

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Vaccination
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age:
Summary:
Vaccination has been an essential tool over the years for preventing a wide range of infectious diseases. By helping to eradicate and control infectious diseases, vaccination improves animal health and reduces the need for treatment, while contributing to food safety and public health. Veterinary vaccination is also an integral part of overall One Health plans against infectious diseases. Within EPRUMA best practice guidelines, EPRUMA partners wish to raise awareness on the benefits of vaccination, and recommend best practices for vaccine use to ensure optimal animal health. These best-practice recommendations also aim to complement existing guidelines on vaccination, which are available in many European countries (France, UK (RUMA), Vetresponsable (Spain), AMCRA (Belgium)).

Where to find the original material: https://www.epruma.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Best-practice-framework-on-vaccines_23-APRIL-2019.pdf;
Country: EU

162 Alternatives to the use of antimicrobial agents in pig production_ A multi-country expert-ranking of perceived effectiveness feasibility and return (Research paper – Postma, 2015)

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162 Research paper – Postma – 2015 – Alternatives to the use of antimicrobial agents in pig production_ A multi-country expert-ranking of perceived effectiveness feasibility and return

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \ Pathogen management
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
Nineteen alternatives to antimicrobial agents were ranked on perceived effectiveness, feasibility and return on investment (ROI) by 111 pig experts from Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland. The top 5 measures in terms of effectiveness were (1) improved internal biosecurity, (2) improved external biosecurity, (3) improved climate/environmental conditions,(4) high health/Specific Pathogen Free/disease eradication and (5) increased vaccination. The top 5 measures in terms of feasibility were (1) increased vaccination, (2) increased use of anti-inflammatory products, (3) improved water quality, (4) feed quality/optimization and (5) use of zinc/metals. The top 5 measures in terms of ROI were (1) improved internal biosecurity, (2) zinc/metals, (3) diagnostics/action plan,(4) feed quality/optimization and (5) climate/environmental improvements. Combining these results, the most promising alternatives to antimicrobial use in industrial pig production are: biosecurity improvements, increased vaccination, use of zinc/metals, improvement of feed quality and use of regular diagnostics testing and having a clear action plan.

Where to find the original material:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25650306; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.01.010

Country: BE; FR; DE; SE, CH, DK

161 Bacteriological evaluation of vaccination against Salmonella Typhimurium with an attenuated vaccine in subclinically infected pig herds (Research paper – Peeters, 2019)

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161 Research paper – Peeters – 2019 – Bacteriological evaluation of vaccination against Salmonella Typhimurium with an attenuated vaccine in subclinically infected pig herds

Pathogen management \ Vaccination
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
Subclinical infections with Salmonella Typhimurium occur frequently in pigs, constituting a risk for human salmonellosis. In this study, an attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine (Salmoporc®, IDT Biologika) was evaluated in three pig herds. The excretion of Salmonella Typhimurium field strain was low and similar between farms and production cycles. Vaccination of either sows and piglets, sows and fattening pigs, or in piglets only, resulted in a smaller number of lymph nodes positive at slaughter, in pigs in the second production cycle only (but not on first production cycle). Marked reduction of positive lymph nodes at slaughter happened after vaccination of sows and piglets. The vaccine strain was detected in the lymph nodes of 13 pigs at slaughter. Because of study limitations, results should be interpreted carefully. Nevertheless, in sows and piglets (preferred), sows and fattening pigs, and piglets only, vaccination can (to some extent) support the control of Salmonella Typhimurium infections.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587719300480; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.04.016
Country: BE

160 Relationship between biosecurity and production antimicrobial treatment characteristics in pig herds (Research paper – Laanen, 2013)

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160 Research paper – Laanen – 2013 – Relationship between biosecurity and productionantimicrobial treatment characteristics in pig herds

Biosecurity
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
The biosecurity status of 95 breeder–finisher pig herds was quantified using the Biocheck.ugent scoring system. Data relating to herd-, farmer- and production-characteristics and to the preventive use of antimicrobials were also collected. The average external biosecurity score (measures to prevent pathogens from entering a herd) was 65 (range, 45–89) and the average internal score (measures to reduce the within-herd spread of pathogens) was 52 (range, 18–87). Scores indicated that biosecurity is generally better implemented in larger herds, in more modern facilities and by younger farmers. External and internal biosecurity scores were positively associated with daily weight gain and negatively associated with feed conversion ratio of fattening pigs. Internal scores were negatively associated with disease treatment incidence, suggesting that improved biosecurity may help reduce preventive use of antimicrobials. This study demonstrates and quantifies a clear link between biosecurity and both production- and antimicrobial treatment-related criteria in pig herds.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24268483; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.08.029
Country: BE

159 Pig cattle and poultry farmers with a known interest in research have comparable perspectives on disease prevention and on-farm biosecurity (Research paper – Laanen, 2014)

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159 Research paper – Laanen – 2014 – Pig cattle and poultry farmers with a known interest in research have comparable perspectives on disease prevention and on-farm biosecurity

Biosecurity \ Pathogen management
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
Understanding farmer’s perception is crucial for implementing disease prevention measures. To study this, an online questionnaire was given to 218 pig, 279 cattle and 61 poultry farmers in Flanders, Belgium. The term ‘biosecurity’ was correctly explained by less than 10% of these farmers. In general, all farmers had similar knowledge on disease prevention and biosecurity. There were differences in what farmers found more important: cattle farmers favored animal welfare, and pig farmers, on the other hand, favored the stability of the farm. Insufficient motivation was the most likely reason for poor implementation of biosecurity measures. Across the species, farmers indicate that insufficient information on costs and benefit is the biggest problem in application of preventive measures. The veterinarian is seen as the main source of information concerning disease prevention and biosecurity. With more explanation by the herd veterinarian increases being a major factor in farmer’s interest in disease prevention.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24703250; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.03.015
Country: BE

153 Biosecurity Measures to Control Salmonella and Other Infectious Agents in Pig Farms – A Review (Research paper – Andres, 2015)

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153 Research paper – Andres – 2015 – Biosecurity Measures to Control Salmonella and Other Infectious Agents in Pig Farms_ A Review

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \ Pathogen management
Species targeted: Pigs;
Summary:
Salmonellosis is the 2nd most common cause of human bacterial food poisoning and can be acquired from eating both contaminated meat or eggs, either via direct consumption of the contaminated product or by cross-contamination with other food while preparing meals in the kitchen. Pork is considered, after eggs, the major source of infection in humans in the EU, mainly the S. typhymurium species. Good control measures at the farm level are likely to correspond with lower prevalence of infection and, subsequently, a reduction of cross-contamination of carcasses processed at the slaughterhouse. This review focuses on biosecurity measures in pig farms that can help to control important pig diseases at the same time as reducing the within-herd prevalence of Salmonella. This information is likely to provide an economic incentive for farmers to apply improved general standards of farm biosecurity and hygiene management that would have a positive impact in food safety.

Where to find the original material: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277725160_Biosecurity_Measures_to_Control_Salmonella_and_Other_Infectious_Agents_in_Pig_Farms_A_Review; https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12137

Country: UK

148 Review of transmission routes of 24 infectious diseases preventable by biosecurity measures and comparison of the implementation of these measures (Research paper – Filippitzi, 2018)

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148 Research paper – Filippitzi – 2018 – Review of transmission routes of 24 infectious diseases preventable by biosecurity measures and comparison of the implementation of these measures

SIG: Biosecurity
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
This study reviews the transmission routes of important infectious pig diseases and their impact on transmission in pig herds. First, a literature review identifying transmission routes of 24 infectious pig diseases preventable through biosecurity measures was done. Second, the level of implementation of these measures using data obtained from 574 pig farms in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden, entered between January 2014 and January 2016 was analyzed quantitatively. Third, a qualitative analysis based on a review of literature and other relevant information resources was performed. The quantitative analysis indicated that at the level of internal, external and overall biosecurity, Denmark had a distinct profile with higher external biosecurity scores and less variation than the other countries. The qualitative analysis identified differences in applied policies, legislation, disease status, pig farm density, farming culture and habits between countries that can be useful for country-specific biosecurity advice.
148

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29124908; https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12758

Country: BE; DK

145 Evaluation of three intervention strategies to reduce the transmission of Salmonella Typhimurium in pigs (Research paper – De Ridder, 2013)

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145 Research paper – De Ridder – 2013 – Evaluation of three intervention strategies to reduce the transmission of Salmonella Typhimurium in pigs

SIG: Feed / gut health \ Feed additives and supplements; Pathogen management
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
Despite current control measures, Salmonella in pigs remains a major public health concern. In this in vivo study, the effect of three intervention strategies on Salmonella Typhimurium transmission in pigs was evaluated. The first intervention was feed supplemented with coated calcium-butyrate, the second comprised oral vaccination with a double-attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium strain, and the third was acidification of drinking water with a mixture of organic acids. Both feed supplementation with coated calcium-butyrate and vaccination with an attenuated vaccine decreased Salmonella Typhimurium transmission in pigs. Further studies are needed to assess the practical issues related to the implementation of these interventions. For example, more data are needed to determine the best age groups and treatment regimens for the coated calcium-butyrate and to learn how to overcome the problem of Salmonella-specific antibodies in vaccinated pigs.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23680264; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.03.026

Country: BE

143 Effect of administration of organic acids in drinking water on faecal shedding of E. coli performance parameters and health in nursery pigs (Research paper – De Busser, 2011)

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143 Research paper – De Busser – 2011 – Effect of administration of organic acids in drinking water on faecal shedding of E. coli performance parameters and health in nursery pigs

SIG: Water

Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
This study evaluated the effect of altering the pH of drinking water on Escherichia coli in nursery piglets under field conditions as well as their performance parameters and health. This study indicates that acidification of the drinking water to a low pH can be helpful to reduce the E. coli load in nursery pigs and may be used in herds affected with post-weaning diarrhoea. As our study was performed in one herd only, further investigations are needed to confirm the findings and to determine the effects of different pH values of the drinking water on average daily feed intake (DFI), Daily weight gain (DWG), Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and clinical parameters.

Where to find the original material: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023310001140; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.04.006
Country: BE