367 Critical control points for sheepfolds by Idele (Tools & Checklists)

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367 ToolsChecklists – Critical control points for sheepfolds by Idele

In Significant Impact Groups: Housing and welfare
Species targeted: Sheep;
Age:
Summary:
Health and welfare of sheep are strongly influenced by the design and layout of sheepfolds. During the health assessment, it is imperative to ensure the quality of the buildings. This document summarises the main standards and recommendations to be checked in a sheep pen.

Where to find the original material: (to be published on the Disarm website)
Country: France;

363 Healthy lambs by Idele (Tools & Checklists)

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363 ToolsChecklists – Healthy lambs by Idele

In Significant Impact Groups: Housing and welfare
Species targeted: Sheep;
Age:
Summary:
Firstly, the document presents an inventory of lamb health in relation to the building. Main pathologies and all factors influencing the health of the animals are discussed. Then, the key-points at the different stages of a lamb’s life (from birth to fattening) are described. For each of these stages, the issues, the main health risks, the actions to be implemented to prevent diseases and the improvements to be planned in the sheep pen are presented. At the end of the document, good practices related to the building to protect the lambs are collected: biosecurity measures, watering, technical recommendations for the organisation and layout of the sheepfold, littering, cleaning and disinfection of the sheepfold, lighting and ventilation.

Where to find the original material: https://idele.fr/?eID=cmis_download&oID=workspace://SpacesStore/5d181f32-1d59-4e3b-bb3f-82d0cd126b7f
Country: France;

362 The correct use of antibiotics in lambs and goat-kids – Five key points for greater serenity by Idele (Tools & Checklists)

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362 ToolsChecklists – The correct use of antibiotics in lambs and goat-kids_ Five key points for greater serenity by Idele

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Goat; Sheep;
Age:
Summary:
Reasoned and targeted use of antibiotics in lambs and kids follows a set of prescription and administration rules. A set of practical measures are recalled in this booklet. The rearing of young animals, whether kids or lambs, is based on a set of preventive measures to limit the occurrence of infections and their spread within the herd. Surveillance and care are therefore required from a very young age. Whereas diseases occur and after diagnosis, antibiotic treatment may be necessary.

Where to find the original material: https://idele.fr/?eID=cmis_download&oID=workspace://SpacesStore/f2104eea-0696-4379-8803-bde4f2437e32
Country: France;

360 Antibiotics in meat lambs – Indispensable but not automatic by Idele (Tools & Checklists)

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360 ToolsChecklists – Antibiotics in meat lambs_ indispensable but not automatic by Idele

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Sheep;
Age:
Summary:
A survey was carried out among 45 farmers in the sheep-meat sector to gain a better understanding of actions in the event of pathologies in young lambs, considering both antibiotic use and preventive management. When asked about their practices regarding the use of antibiotics in lambs, the farmers insisted on the importance they attach to prevention. While antibiotics are still essential, they are used sparingly. Concrete examples taken from the pathologies with which they are frequently confronted (arthritis, pasteurellosis, enterotoxemia) illustrate their opinions. The farming practices most frequently used to reduce the use of antibiotics in lambs in the farms surveyed are :• Animal surveillance• The lambing pen and monitoring of colostrum feeding• Hygiene and care for lambs: disinfection of navel, tail and ear tags• A balanced diet throughout the year with dietary transitions if necessary.

Where to find the original material: http://idele.fr/domaines-techniques/publication/idelesolr/recommends/les-antibiotiques-en-ovins-viande-indispensables-mais-pas-automatiques.html;
Country: France

359 Antibiotics in lambs of dairy herds – A reasoned use with a focus on preventive measures by Idele (Tools & Checklists)

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359 ToolsChecklists – Antibiotics in lambs of dairy herds_ a reasoned use with a focus on preventive measures by Idele

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Sheep;
Age:
Summary:
A survey was carried out among 46 dairy sheep farmers to better understand measures put in place in the event of pathologies in young lambs, both in terms of antibiotic use and preventive actions. When asked about their practices regarding the use of antibiotics in lambs, the farmers expressed the importance they attach to the feeding and housing conditions of animals in order to prevent health problems. The use of antibiotics remains punctual and reasoned. The most common farming practices used to reduce the use of antibiotics in lambs on the surveyed farms are : • A balanced diet, including mineral feed, throughout gestation and preparation for lambing, • The lambing hutting, the creation of the mother-younger bond and the assurance of an important and fast colostrum intake, • Homogeneous batches of lambs in terms of age and weight, • Good environmental conditions in the building and sufficient litter.

Where to find the original material: http://idele.fr/domaines-techniques/publication/idelesolr/recommends/les-antibiotiques-chez-les-agneaux-en-ovins-lait-une-utilisation-raisonnee-en-misant-sur-les-moyen.html;
Country: France

326 – Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 2 (Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018)

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326 Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018 – Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 2

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Vaccination; Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
This article highlights new approaches and potential solutions for the development of vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics in food producing animals. Many current vaccines fall short of ideal vaccines in one or more respects. Promising breakthroughs to overcome these limitations include new biotechnology techniques, new oral vaccine approaches, novel adjuvants, new delivery strategies based on bacterial spores, and live recombinant vectors; they also include new vaccination strategies in-ovo, and strategies that simultaneously protect against multiple pathogens. However, translating this research into commercial vaccines that effectively reduce the need for antibiotics will require close collaboration among stakeholders, for instance through public–private partnerships. Targeted research and development investments and concerted efforts by all affected are needed to realize the potential of vaccines to improve animal health, safeguard agricultural productivity, and reduce antibiotic consumption and resulting resistance risks.

Where to find the original material: https://veterinaryresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13567-018-0561-7?optIn=true; https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0561-7
Country: USA; UK; FR; BE; DE

325- Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 1 (Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018)

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325 Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018 – Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 1

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Vaccination; Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
Vaccines and other alternative products can help minimize the need for antibiotics by preventing and controlling infectious diseases in animal populations, and are central to the future success of animal agriculture. This article, synthesizes and expands on the expert panel discussions regarding opportunities, challenges and needs for the development of vaccines that may reduce the need for use of antibiotics in animals. Vaccines are widely used to prevent infections in food animals. Various studies have demonstrated that their animal agricultural use can lead to significant reductions in antibiotic consumption, making them promising alternatives to antibiotics. To be widely used in food producing animals, vaccines have to be safe, effective, easy to use, and cost-effective. Although vaccines have the potential to improve animal health, safeguard agricultural productivity, and reduce antibiotic consumption and resulting resistance risks, targeted research and development investments and concerted efforts are needed to realize that potential.

Where to find the original material: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13567-018-0560-8; https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0560-8
Country: USA; UK; FR; BE; DE

322 – Antimicrobial Resistance on Farms – A Review Including Biosecurity and the Potential Role of Disinfectants in Resistance Selection (Research paper – Davies – 2019)

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322 Research paper – Davies – 2019 – Antimicrobial Resistance on Farms_ A Review Including Biosecurity and the Potential Role of Disinfectants in Resistance Selection

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Other;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Efforts to limit antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on farms have mostly focused on control of the supply and use of antimicrobial drugs, plus husbandry measures to reduce infectious disease. In the United Kingdom and some other countries, substantial progress has been made recently against targets on agricultural antimicrobial drug use. However, resistant bacteria can persist and spread within and between premises despite declining or zero antimicrobial drug use. Reasons for this include: bacterial adaptations, horizontal transmission of genetic resistance determinants between bacteria, physical transfer of bacteria via movement (of animals, workers, and equipment), ineffective cleaning and disinfection, and co-selection of resistance to certain drugs by use of other antimicrobials, heavy metals, or biocides. Aspects of biosecurity have repeatedly been identified as risk factors for the presence of AMR on farm premises, but there are still large gaps in our understanding of the most important risk factors and the most effective interventions.

Where to find the original material: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1541-4337.12438; https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12438
Country: UK

313 – Responsible use of antibiotics on sheep farms – Application at farm level (Research paper – Lovatt – 2019)

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313 Research paper – Lovatt – 2019 – Responsible use of antibiotics on sheep farms_ application at farm level

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Sheep;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
This article describes how veterinary surgeons and sheep farmers can work together to plan, prevent and protect against three specific disease management issues – infectious lameness, enzootic abortion of ewes and neonatal bacterial infections – by replacing, refining and reducing the use of antibiotics on farm, based on guidelines drawn up by the UK Sheep Veterinary Society.
313

Where to find the original material: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1625428/responsible-use-of-antibiotics-on-sheep-farms-application-at-farm-level; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/inp.k5370
Country: UK

312 – To prescribe or not to prescribe A factorial survey to explore veterinarians decision making when prescribing antimicrobials to sheep and beef farmers (Research paper – Doidge – 2019)

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312 Research paper – Doidge – 2019 – To prescribe or not to prescribe A factorial survey to explore veterinarians decision making when prescribing antimicrobials to sheep and beef farmers

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Beef; Sheep;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
The aim of this study was to measure the influence of factors from social theories on veterinarians’ decision to prescribe antimicrobials to sheep and beef farmers without a clinical consultation. Respondents were presented with eight scenarios where a farmer asks for antimicrobials at the veterinary practice. Seven further factors, identified from constructs of social theories, were included in the scenarios. The factors case type, farmer relationship, other veterinarians in practice, time pressure, habit, willingness to pay, and confidence in the farmer, were significant in the decision to prescribe. Confidence in the farmer was the most influential variable. Factors about vets that had significant influence on the decision to prescribe were agreeableness personality score, region of veterinary practice, and presence of a small animal department. These influential factors could be considered to target interventions in farm animal veterinary practice for improved antimicrobial stewardship.

Where to find the original material: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0213855; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213855
Country: UK