103 Surveillance of cattle health in the Netherlands – Monitoring trends and developments using routinely-collected cattle census data (Research paper; Santman-Berends et al., 2016)

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103 Research paper – Santman-Berends – 2016 – Surveillance of cattle health in the Netherlands – Monitoring trends and developments using routinely collected cattle census data

103 Research paper
Surveillance of cattle health in the Netherlands: Monitoring trends and developments using routinely collected cattle census data
by Santman-Berends, I.M.G.A., Brouwer-Middelesch, H., Van Wuijckhuise, L., de Bont-Smolenaars, A.J.G. and G. Van Schaik
2016 Preventive Veterinary Medicine 134: 103-112
In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young;Adult;
Summary: A national cattle health surveillance system (CHSS) has been in place in the Netherlands since 2002. This system consists of several surveillance components: enhanced passive reporting, diagnostic test results and post-mortem exams, random surveys for prevalence estimation of endemic diseases and quarterly data analysis. This data-analysis component [Trend Analysis Surveillance Component(TASC)] aims to monitor trends and developments in cattle health using routine census data. The key monitoring indicators that are analysed as part of TASC all relate to cattle health and involve parameters such as mortality, fertility, udder health and antimicrobial usage. The challenges and lessons learned from developing this tool are discussed in this article. The TASC also allows to visualize trends in time, can be used to support or highlight signals that are detected in one of the other surveillance components and can provide warnings or initiate changes in policy when unfavorable trends in cattle health occur.
Where to find the original material:
Country: NL

97 Selective Dry Cow by Eurodairy (Farm Innovation)

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97 Farm Innovation – Selective Dry Cow by Eurodairy

97 Farm Innovation
Selective Dry Cow by Eurodairy
in Significant Impact Group(s): Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary: This sheet describes how the Dutch dairy sector reduced the use of antibiotics in dairy farming. Between 2009 and 2016, usage decreased by 48%.
Selective drying off has made an important contribution to this reduction. Preventive use of antibiotics for drying off dairy cattle is no longer allowed. The protocol uses the somatic cell count per animal up to 6 weeks prior to drying off. If the cell count number is below 50,000 (cows) or 150,000 (heifers) per ml, no antibiotics may be used. If the cell number is higher, only a first choice antibiotic may be used in accordance with the farm health plan. The use of 2nd and 3rd choice antibiotics follows strict regulations, and is only allowed after additional testing.
The sheet also contains a farmers experience with omitting the dry off period.
97 Farm Innovation – Selective Dry Cow by Eurodairy
Where to find the original material: (in English)
https://eurodairy.eu/resources/the-dutch-way-of-reducing-antibiotic-use/;
Country: NL

91 Cola and vaccination by Dutch vet (Industry Innovation)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals ; Feed / gut health
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Outcome Parameter(s): piglet diarrhoea;
Summary: In piglets, birth diarrhoea is caused by bacteria and viruses. These are E. coli bacteria, clostridium bacteria C. perfringens type A and type C and rotaviruses. According to the vet Schuttert, the effect of vaccination is usually not spectacular, because the effect also runs via the colostrum. An average sow produces enough colostrum for 12 piglets. But the average litter size is now 15 piglets. One way to improve colostrum supply is split suckling. Vet Schuttert concludes that in case of birth diarrhoea in piglets it is almost always necessary to take steps on several fronts. There is often much to gain with extra attention to hygiene. If the piglets do develop diarrhoea, it may make sense to provide the sows with acid. He usually start by advising lime and cola . Then offering water and food. And the third step is the possible application of vaccinations and / or antibiotics.
91 Industry Innovation – cola and vaccination by Dutch vet
Where to find the original material: (in Dutch)
https://www.nieuweoogst.nl/nieuws/2019/06/06/cola-light-niet-geschikt-voor-kraamstal;
Country: NL

91 Industry Innovation – cola and vaccination by Dutch vet

90 Calf reception by LTO calf group (Industry Innovation)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Housing and welfare \ Weaning age and management ; Pathogen management
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young;
Outcome Parameter(s): lower antibiotic use; lower mortality; improved animal welfare; improved animal health; better technical results
Summary: With the ‘Calf Reception’ project, the veal calf sector (initiator is the Branch Organization for the Calf Sector (SBK)) wants to improve the reception of newborn calves on the veal calf farm. The project focuses on the management of the veal farmer during the first four weeks, including the release of the calves in groups. During this period, improvements in management can lead to lower antibiotic use and loss, better animal welfare and health, more job satisfaction and better technical results. The main target group of the project are the 1,300 veal veal farmers in the Netherlands. Group meetings and workshops are organized, but individual conversations with veal farmers and advisers are also possible. Aspects that will be discussed include a clean barn, clean feeding troughs and teats, temperature in the barn on arrival, CO2 and humidity, feeding milk.
90 Industry Innovation – Ontvangst Kalveren by LTO calf group
Where to find the original material: (in Dutch)
https://www.nieuweoogst.nl/nieuws/2019/03/28/vleeskalversector-start-nieuw-project;
Country: NL

90 Industry Innovation – Ontvangst Kalveren by LTO calf group

89 KalfOK by ZuivelNL (Industry Innovation)

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Significant Impact Group(s): AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance \ Disease/health ; Pathogen management
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young;
Outcome Parameter(s): use of antibiotics; health status
Summary: CalfOK provides insight into the rearing of all calves born on the dairy farm. It stimulates to improve the health and welfare of calves. Since 2018, every dairy farmer can request the CalfOK score of his company, if the necessary authorizations have been issued via his dairy company. Figures from MediRund, I&R, Rendac and Qlip come together, from which the key figures arise. Dairy companies promote the use of KalfOK through quality and sustainability programs. CalfOK is composed of data on births and rearing, the use of antibiotics in calves and the company health status. In total there are 12 key figures each company can score a maximum of 100 points. The result provides insight into the quality of calf rearing at the individual dairy farm, and also makes a comparison with other companies possible. Dairy farmers are required to view the CalfOK score to issue authorizations through their dairy company.
89 Industry Innovation – KalfOK by ZuivelNL
Where to find the original material: (in Dutch)
https://www.nieuweoogst.nl/nieuws/2018/12/28/kalfok-begint-te-leven-bij-veehouders;
Country: NL

89 Industry Innovation – KalfOK by ZuivelNL

88 KS Kempfarm systems by KS Kempfarm systems (Farm Innovation)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Housing and welfare \ Manure management ; Pathogen management
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): lung problems
Summary: A manure belt underneath the (slatted) floor is used in a stable for fattening pigs. The system is called ‘Kempfarm system’ and separates the urine from the manure. This decreases the ammonia production. The solid manure is turned out of the shed twice a day. The basis is an optimal stable climate, which prevents lung problems. Direct manure separation and daily manure removal from the barn is an advantage for this.
88 Farm Innovation – KS Kempfarm systems by KS Kempfarm systems
Where to find the original material: (in Dutch)
https://www.pigbusiness.nl/artikel/6503-investeren-omdat-het-beter-kan/;
Country: NL

88 Farm Innovation – KS Kempfarm systems by KS Kempfarm systems

85 A ‘meta-analysis’ of effects of post-hatch food and water deprivation on development, performance and welfare of chickens (Research paper; De Jong, 2017)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Feed / gut health \ Feeding management – Feeding management ; Water
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young;
Outcome Parameter(s): body weight; cumulative food intake; FCR; mortality; relative yolk sac weight
Summary: This study reports results collected in other studies showing that post-hatch food deprivation or food and water deprivation (PHFWD) for approximately 24 hours can lead to significantly lower body weights compared to early fed chickens up to six weeks of age. Body weights and food intake were reduced more the longer the food and water deprivation lasted. PHFWD also has negative effects on the development of liver and pancreas, and delay the development of duodenum, jejunum and ileum. These effects were observed mainly in the first week of age. As a conclusion, findings also suggest a chicken welfare is lowered for PHFWD, however, additional studies are recommended on the effect of PHFWD containing a wider range of variables, including behaviour and disease resistance, in the short-term as well as long-term.
85 Research paper – de Jong – 2017 – A meta-analysis of effects of post-hatch food and water deprivation on development, performance and welfare of chickens
Where to find the original material:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5728577/; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189350
Country: NL

85 Research paper – de Jong – 2017 – A meta-analysis of effects of post-hatch food and water deprivation on development, performance and welfare of chickens

81 Evaluation of two communication strategies to improve udder health management (Research report – Jansen, 2010)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Pathogen management \ Managing sick animals \ Targeted use of antibiotics ; Biosecurity
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): improve udder health management; incidence of clinical mastistis; bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC)
Summary: This study shows that communication strategies to change farmers’ management practices can be improved when both the aim of the strategy and farmers’ motivational differences to work on udder health are taken into account. When aiming at complex issues such as udder health, the traditional central route using educational tools seems to be effective in reaching the motivated farmers. In addition to the central route, the peripheral route can be applied to influence farmers’ behavior by including implicit persuasion techniques instead of arguments in campaigns. This route is especially effective for single management practices and when aiming at a less complicated message. To reach as many farmers as possible, both communication strategies should be used. The communication strategies described in this paper are examples of how management practices to control mastitis can be effectively communicated to farmers, which can be used in optimizing future programs to control and prevent diseases.
81 Research paper – Jansen – 2010 – Evaluation of two communication strategies to improve udder health management
Where to find the original material:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030210715034; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2531
Country: NL

81 Research paper – Jansen – 2010 – Evaluation of two communication strategies to improve udder health management

76 The effect of a national mastitis control program on the attitudes, knowledge, and behavior of farmers in the Netherlands (Research paper; Jansen, 2010)

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Significant Impact Group(s): AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance \ Antibiotic use ; Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): Average annual bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC); Udder health
Summary: This study aimed to explore the effect of a national mastitis control program on Dutch farmers’ attitudes, knowledge, and behavior regarding mastitis.
Dairy farmers completed a survey on attitudes, knowledge, and behavior regarding mastitis before the start of a national mastitis control program in 2004, and 204 completed a similar survey in the final year of the program (2009). Although the average annual bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) remained the same, the farmers’ self-reported attitudes, knowledge, and behavior changed significantly. The results show that a national mastitis control program can be successful in changing attitudes, knowledge, and behavior regarding mastitis. Results suggest an association between a change in BMSCC on individual farms and a change in attitudes, knowledge, and behavior. Although more research is needed to identify the long-term effect of these changes, this study can contribute to an increased understanding of the effects of animal health programs.
76 Research paper – Jansen – 2010 – The effect of a national mastitis control program on the attitudes knowledge and behavior of farmers in the Netherlands
Where to find the original material:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030210006235; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3318
Country: NL

76 Research paper – Jansen – 2010 – The effect of a national mastitis control program on the attitudes knowledge and behavior of farmers in the Netherlands

75 Macrolides and lincosamides in cattle and pigs: Use and development of antimicrobial resistance (Research paper; Pyorala, 2014)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Prudent use AB ; AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Pigs; Dairy; Beef;
Age: Young; Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): Antimicrobial resistance to macrolides; Antimicrobial resistance to lincosamides; Antimicrobial use of macrolides; Antimicrobial use of lincosamides
Summary: Macrolides and lincosamides (ML) are important antimicrobials for the treatment of infections in cattle and pigs, although rarely the only alternative. The most common indications for ML are the treatment of major swine gastrointestinal and respiratory infections and of bovine respiratory disease. There are quite a large number of old products containing ML in the EU, and updating and harmonising the dosing regimens of these products are necessary. Acquired resistance to ML antimicrobials has emerged, with the greatest increase in resistance in Brachyspira. In-feed medications and long-acting injections resulting in low concentrations of the active substance for long periods may particularly contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Macrolides are considered as critically important and lincosamides as highly important in human medicine, although mostly for non-food-borne infections. Prudent use of ML antimicrobials approved for food animals is of crucial importance to maintain the efficacy of these important therapeutic alternatives.
75 Research paper – Pyorala- 2014 – Macrolides and lincosamides in cattle and pigs_ Use and development of antimicrobial resistance
Where to find the original material:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023314000823; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.02.028
Country: FI, DK, BE, NL, SE, ES, PT, LT, FR, UK,

75 Research paper – Pyorala- 2014 – Macrolides and lincosamides in cattle and pigs_ Use and development of antimicrobial resistance