188 Contribution of sociology to the study of the decrease of antimicrobial use on farms (Research paper – Ducrot, 2018)

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188 Research paper – Ducrot – 2018 – Contribution of sociology to the study of the decrease of antimicrobial use on farms

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
The implementation of the EcoAntibio plan aimed at reducing the risks of antibiotic resistance has led to a strong mobilization of the various partners in the cattle breeding and agricultural profession in the cattle industry. Actions have been carried out at different scales and research work conducted, particularly in the human and social sciences. In addition to possible technical actions, social, psychological and economic factors influence decisions to prescribe and administer antibiotics. This article provides an overview of the work that is investigating the role of these factors in the choice to reduce antibiotic use in livestock production, at the level of the farmer, in his relationship with the veterinarian and livestock advisors, and more broadly in its professional and economic environment.

Where to find the original material: https://productions-animales.org/article/view/2395; https://doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2018.31.4.2395
Country: FR: CA; US

187 Use of natural products as alternatives to antibiotic feed additives in ruminant production (Research paper – Jouany, 2007)

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187 Research paper – Jouany – 2007 – Use of _natural_ products as alternatives to antibiotic feed additives in ruminant production

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ Pre-/probiotics; Feed / gut health
Species targeted: Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
The banning in 2006 of the use of antibiotics as animal growth promoters in the European Union has increased demand from producers for alternative feed additives that can be used to improve animal production. This review gives an overview of the most common non-antibiotic feed additives already being used or that could potentially be used in ruminant nutrition. Probiotics, dicarboxylic acids, enzymes and plant-derived products including saponins, tannins and essential oils are presented. The known modes of action and effects of these additives on feed digestion and more especially on rumen fermentations are described. Their utility and limitations in field conditions for modern ruminant production systems and their compliance with the current legislation are also discussed.

Where to find the original material: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/animal/article/use-of-natural-products-as-alternatives-to-antibiotic-feed-additives-in-ruminant-production/B553FEADEDDA5BF470E70710C7B45038; https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731107000742
Country: France

186 Scoring biosecurity in European conventional broiler production (Research paper – Van Limbergen, 2018)

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186 Research paper – Van Limbergen – 2018 – Scoring biosecurity in European conventional broiler production

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
The aim of this study was to measure biosecurity on conventional broiler farms in Europe, following a standardized procedure, and identify factors that can be improved. The current study used a risk-based weighted scoring system to assess the level of biosecurity on 399 conventional broiler farms in 5 EU member states. A possible relation between biosecurity and farm characteristics was investigated. The participating broiler farms scored better for internal biosecurity than for external biosecurity. There was variation between biosecurity scores for the different member states. Within external biosecurity, the subcategory related to “infrastructure and vectors” had the highest score, while the subcategory “visitors and staff” had the lowest. Within internal biosecurity, the subcategory “disease management” had the highest score. Internal biosecurity was inversely related to the number of employees and farm size. Results show better education of broiler farmers and their staff may help to improve biosecurity on broiler farms.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29077940; http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pex296
Country: BE; FI; ES; PL; CY

185 Quantitative and qualitative antimicrobial usage patterns infarrow-to-finish pig herds in Belgium France Germany and Sweden (Research paper – Sjolund, 2016)

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185 Research paper – Sjolund – 2016 – Quantitative and qualitative antimicrobial usage patterns infarrow-to-finish pig herds in Belgium France Germany and Sweden

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
The aim of this study was to compare antimicrobial usage for pigs by age category, antimicrobial class and administration route for farrow-to-finish herds in four EU countries. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 227 farrow-to-finish pig herds in Belgium, France, Germany and Sweden. The Swedish herds had the lowest and the German herds the highest overall use. Most treatments were applied to weaned piglets except in the Swedish herds (with more frequent treatment of suckling piglets). Antimicrobials were most often applied through feed or water except in the Swedish herds where parenteral treatments were most frequent. Aminopenicillins was the antimicrobial class most commonly used. Belgian herd use of third and fourth generation cephalosporins was higher compared to the other countries. In summary, there were large differences in antimicrobial use for pigs between countries, herds and age groups in farrow-to-finish herds of similar size.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27435645; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.06.003
Country: BE; SE; FR; DE; CH

184 GLOBAL REPOSITORY OF AVAILABLE GUIDELINES FOR RESPONSIBLE USE OF ANTIMICROBIALS IN ANIMAL HEALTH by World Veterinary Association and OIE (Industry Innovation)

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184 Industry Innovation – GLOBAL REPOSITORY OF AVAILABLE GUIDELINES FOR RESPONSIBLE USE OF ANTIMICROBIALS IN ANIMAL HEALTH by World Veterinary Association and OIE

Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian; AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Different for different species;
Summary:
In the context of promoting prudent use of antimicrobials under veterinary supervision, the World Veterinary Association (WVA) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) conducted in 2018 a survey in order to create a global repository of available guidelines for responsible use of antimicrobials in animal health. This resource contains a list of 120 guidelines, action plans and promotional material on prudent use of antimicrobials, covering large number of countries, languages, veterinary aspects and animal species. Access to these guidelines shall serve veterinarians and other health professionals to identify best practices for antimicrobials use in animal health and to fight the development of antimicrobial resistance.

Where to find the original material: http://worldvet.org/news.php?item=417;
Country: International

183 Antimicrobial prescribing guidelines for pigs by Australian Veterinary Association (Industry Innovation)

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183 Industry Innovation – Antimicrobial prescribing guidelines for pigs by Australian Veterinary Association

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Different for different species;
Summary:
The Australian veterinary profession and livestock industries have a long history of addressing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In particular, the veterinary profession has worked in close cooperation with animal industries and governments to implement the seven objectives of Australia’s First National Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy 2015-19 (National Strategy). The antimicrobial prescribing guidelines for pigs addresses the second objective of the National Strategy. This objective requires us to ‘implement effective antimicrobial stewardship practices across human health and animal care settings to ensure the appropriate and judicious prescribing, dispensing and administering of antimicrobials’. These guidelines for the Australian pig veterinarian are a handy ‘go-to’ resource, as they have been developed specifically for Australian conditions and contain the most contemporary knowledge available on AMR. One of the key objectives of any antimicrobial stewardship program is to reduce the use of antimicrobials.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ava.com.au/siteassets/resources/fighting-antimicrobial-resistance/antimicrobial-prescribing-guidelines-for-pigs.pdf;
Country: AU

182 Categorisation of antibiotics used in animals promotes responsible use to protect public and animal health by EMA (Tools & Checklists)

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182 ToolsChecklists – Categorisation of antibiotics used in animals promotes responsible use to protect public and animal health by EMA

In Significant Impact Groups: Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age:
Summary:
Veterinarians are encouraged to check and consider EMA’s updated scientific advice on the categorisation of antibiotics when prescribing these medicines for animals in their care. This categorisation can also be used as a tool for the preparation of treatment guidelines. The scientific advice ranks antibiotics by considering both the risk that their use in animals causes to public health through the possible development of antimicrobial resistance and the need to use them in veterinary medicine. The update takes into account the World Health Organization’s CIA list, i.e. those of most relevance for human health. The EMA also evaluated the impact of the route of administration on the selection of AMR and included its conclusions in a separate list to consider when prescribing antibiotics. The classification now comprises four categories, from A to D: Avoid, Restrict, Caution and Prudence.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/categorisation-antibiotics-european-union-answer-request-european-commission-updating-scientific_en.pdf;
Country: EU;

181 UK Veterinary Antibiotic Resistance and Sales Surveillance (VARSS) Report 2018 by Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD) (Industry Innovation)

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181 Industry Innovation – UK Veterinary Antibiotic Resistance and Sales Surveillance (VARSS) Report 2018 by Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD)

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
In the UK, pharmaceutical companies have reported the quantity of authorised veterinary antibiotics sold throughout the country to the VMD since 1993; this has been a statutory requirement since 2005. Sales of veterinary antibiotics for use in food-producing animals, adjusted for animal population, were 29.5 mg/kg; a 3 mg/kg (9%) and 33mg/kg (53%) decrease since 2017 and 2014 respectively. Sales of highest priority critically important antibiotics (HP-CIAs) in food-producing animals dropped by a further 0.4 tonnes (18%) from an already low level in 2017; a drop of 3.1 tonnes (66%) since 2014. Overall, tetracyclines remain the most sold antibiotic class (38%), followed by beta-lactams (27%) and trimethoprim/sulphonamides (10%). Sales of HP-CIAs in all animal species represent a small proportion (0.7%) of the overall antibiotic sales.

Where to find the original material: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/842678/PCDOCS-_1705145-v1-UK-VARSS_2018_Report__2019__FINAL_v2.pdf;
Country: UK

180 Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 30 European countries in 2016. Trends from 2010 to 2016 8th ESVAC report by European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimic (Industry Innovation)

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180 Industry Innovation – Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 30 European countries in 2016. Trends from 2010 to 2016 8th ESVAC report by European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimic

AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Different for different species;
Summary:
The 8th ESVAC report presents data on the sales of veterinary antimicrobials from 30 European countries in 2016. The report describes changes in consumption of veterinary antimicrobials for the years 2010-2016 and focuses on the changes across time in each country. Explanations for the possible reasons for the changes in the various ESVAC participating countries have been provided. The Antimicrobial Advice ad hoc Expert Group (AMEG) categories take into account the World Health Organization (WHO) categorisation of antimicrobials, the consumption of those antimicrobials in veterinary medicine, the hazards of zoonotic relevance in Europe and the risk of resistance transfer to humans. Category 2 of the AMEG categorisation includes those veterinary antimicrobials where the risk for public health is estimated to be higher than other classes of antimicrobials – fluoroquinolones, 3rd- and 4th-generation cephalosporins and polymyxins. Macrolides are not included in Category 2 and a revision of the classification of AMEG is currently ongoing.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/sales-veterinary-antimicrobial-agents-30-european-countries-2016-trends-2010-2016-eighth-esvac_en.pdf;
Country: EU

179 Mastitis pattern analysis tool by University of Nottingham and QMMS (Tools & Checklists)

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179 ToolsChecklists – Mastitis pattern analysis tool by University of Nottingham and QMMS

Precision Livestock Farming & Early detection \ Big data
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age:
Summary:
This Excel spreadsheet-based tool identifies problem areas and potential risks to udder health and gives farmers and vets a way of tracking progress in the herd. The tool will analyse data from your individual herd and produces a report on the pattern of mastitis on your farm. It will also identify the predominant mastitis infection pattern present on your farm. The tool allows you to input data from bulk milk tank readings, somatic cell count data and mastitis records to calculate what sorts of mastitis you have in your herd and what measures can be taken to control mastitis outbreaks and reduce your mastitis rate. This will allow farmers and vets to work together to assess and prioritise key management areas and potentially detect emerging problems. Milk recording herds are at an advantage as cow SCC information is readily available.

Where to find the original material: http://dairy.ahdb.org.uk/mastitis-pattern-tool/#.Xuu6tuco_IU;
Country: United Kingdom;