178 University of Nottingham dairy calf milk replacer calculator by University of Nottingham (Tools & Checklists)

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178 ToolsChecklists – University of Nottingham dairy calf milk replacer calculator by University of Nottingham

AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age:
Summary:
This Excel spreadsheet-based calculator works out the approximate energy requirements for a pre weaned dairy heifer and the amount of energy provided by milk replacer. Nutritional specifications of the milk replacer will be required including the amount and concentration of milk replacer used. All you need to do is enter the required information in the yellow highlighted squares and it will do the calculations for you. There is also additional functions for cold days and for different growth rates.

Where to find the original material: https://dairy.ahdb.org.uk/resources-library/technical-information/health-welfare/calf-milk-replacer-energy-calculator/#.Xuu4M-co_IU ;
Country: United Kingdom;

177 Farm-economic analysis of reducing antimicrobial use whilst adopting improved management strategies on farrow-to-finish pig farms (Research paper – Rojo-Gimeno, 2016)

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177 Research paper – Rojo-Gimeno – 2016 – Farm-economic analysis of reducing antimicrobial use whilst adopting improved management strategies on farrow-to-finish pig farms

Biosecurity \ Pathogen management
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
In the present study the economic impact of reduction of antimicrobial use coupled with improved management strategies, particularly biosecurity strategies was analysed. Interventions on antimicrobial use reduction were performed on farrow-to-finish pig farms in Flanders (northern region of Belgium). Results show costs of new biosecurity measures (median + 3.96 euro/sow/year), and new vaccinations (median 0.00/sow/year) did not exceed the cost reduction achieved by lowering the use of antimicrobials (median − 7.68 euro/sow/year). No negative effect of reducing antimicrobial use was observed on technical parameters and mortality of the finishers was reduced by −1.1%. Even after a substantial reduction of the antimicrobial treatments, the difference of the enterprise profit increased by + 2.67 euro/finisher pig/year after implementing these changes. The results of this study can be used by veterinarians and other stakeholders to persuade managers of farrow-to-finish operations to use biosecurity practices as a cost-effective way to reduce antimicrobial use.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27317325; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.05.001
Country: BE

176 Association between antimicrobial usage biosecurity measures as well as farm performance in German farrow-to-finish farms (Research paper – Raasch , 2018)

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176 Research paper – Raasch – 2018 – Association between antimicrobial usage biosecurity measures as well as farm performance in German farrow-to-finish farms

Biosecurity \ Pathogen management
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
In this study, comprising in 60 German farrow-to- finish herds, the variations of high and low usage the treatment incidence per age group were analyzed and linked to biosecurity measures, and herd management characteristics. Weaned pigs received most of the treatments followed by suckling pigs. Suckling pigs were very often treated with critically important antimicrobials. The number of sows and a low score for external biosecurity were associated with a higher antimicrobial usage in pigs from birth till slaughter. Herds with a higher treatment incidence in growing pigs: i) were located in a region with a high pig density ii) had less strict control for visitors and personnel and iii) had lower ‘cleaning and disinfection’ scores (internal biosecurity). Herds with a higher treatment incidence in breeding pigs weaned more piglets per sow and year and scored better in the internal biosecurity level

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30564434; https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-018-0106-5
Country: DE; BE; CH

175 Evolution of antimicrobial use on French pig farms from 2010 to 2016 through the INAPORC panels (Research paper – Hemonic, 2019)

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175 Research paper – Hemonic – 2019 – Evolution of antimicrobial use on French pig farms from 2010 to 2016 through the INAPORC panels

AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
The purpose of this study was to understand the major areas of reduction in antibiotic use over six years, through the INAPORC panels, which were surveys of representative samples of farms performed in 2010, 2013 and 2016. Over the six years, the mean number of treatment days significantly decreased for all age categories of animals. However, for sows the decrease was less marked (-7%) than for suckling piglets (-28%), weaned piglets (-70%) and fatteners (-71%). Other major results included a considerable decrease in the use of critically important antibiotics (kept in priority for human medicine), premixes and colistin. This did not result in increased use of other digestive antibiotics or in a massive use of zinc oxide (16% of farms using zinc oxide in 2016). The INAPORC panel contributes to providing detailed references on antibiotic use in pig production and demonstrates the continued commitment to improving current practices.

Where to find the original material: http://www.journees-recherche-porcine.com/texte/2019/santeanimale/s06.pdf;
Country: FR

174 Opinions of veterinarians on antimicrobial use in farm animals in Flanders and the Netherlands (Research paper – Postma, 2016)

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174 Research paper – Postma – 2016 – Opinions of veterinarians on antimicrobial use in farm animals in Flanders and the Netherlands

Prudent use AB \ Veterinarian; AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
This study aimed to assess opinions of veterinarians from the Netherlands and Flanders regarding antimicrobial use and resistance issues in farm animals. A survey was answered by 174 and 437 veterinarians from Flanders and the Netherlands, respectively. The most important cause for high antimicrobial use in farm animals was poor climate conditions. Flemish veterinarians also regarded insufficient biosecurity measures and farmers’ mentality as important factors, while the Dutch ranked insufficient immunity of young animals and economic considerations of farmers as major causes. Most Dutch vets supported the policy to halve veterinary antimicrobial use, while only about 33% of Flemish vets supported this policy. Improvements in housing and climate conditions, biosecurity measures and control of specific infectious diseases were considered important in reducing antimicrobial use. To reduce antimicrobial use in farm animals, some approaches might be applicable in both countries, but cultural, political and societal differences should also be considered.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27313178; https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.103618
Country: BE; NL

173 BVD fact sheet by BVD Free England (Industry Innovation)

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173 Industry Innovation – BVD fact sheet by BVD Free England

Biosecurity \External biosecurity; Animals Biosecurity
Species targeted: Dairy; Beef;
Age: Different for different species;
Summary:
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea or BVD is a highly contagious viral disease of cattle. It is one of the biggest disease issues facing the UK cattle industry. This fact sheet outlines the costs of BVD in your herd, how the virus spreads, the problems with persistently infected (PI) animals, what you should do with PIs and step you can take to control and eradicate the disease. England has an industry led voluntary scheme to eradicate BVD called BVDFree.

Where to find the original material: https://bvdfree.org.uk/assets/pdf/bvdfree-factsheet;
Country: UK

172 The characteristics of high performing farms in the UK by AHDB (Farm Innovation)

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172 Farm Innovation – THE CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH PERFORMING FARMS IN THE UK by AHDB

Precision Livestock Farming & Early detection \
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
What are the top-performing farmers doing differently to the others? Why can two neighbouring equally sized farms on similar soils with the same fundamental farm systems make radically different amounts of money? This paper set out to find answers using three methods. First, a literature review explored published work from around the UK and beyond. Next, a novel analysis was undertaken interrogating the outputs of the Farm Business Survey matching pairs of similar farms from different performance quartiles (measured as farm income divided by costs associated with it; a return on turnover). Thirdly, six case stories were examined. They demonstrate five outstanding farms operating at a very high level and one farm working hard but not achieving good results.

Where to find the original material: https://ahdb.org.uk/knowledge-library/the-characteristics-of-high-performing-farms-in-the-uk;
Country: UK

171 Profitable Lifetime Index – £PLI An economic breeding index for UK all-year-round calving herds by AHDB Dairy (Industry Innovation)

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171 Industry Innovation – Profitable Lifetime Index – £PLI An economic breeding index for UK all-year-round calving herds by AHDB Dairy

Breeding for disease resistance or robustness \
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Different for different species;
Summary:
The national Profitable Lifetime Index (£PLI) is published by AHDB Dairy as part of its genetic evaluation service. The £PLI is a within-breed genetic ranking index developed for UK dairying conditions in consultation with industry partners and is expressed as a financial value. The £PLI is recommended for use by all-year-round calving UK farming operations . £PLI should be used as the initial screening tool in bull selection; then look within this group for the traits that most need improving in your herd. The £PLI value represents the additional profit a high £PLI bull is expected to return from each of its milking daughters over her lifetime compared with an average bull of £0 PLI. High £PLI will result in cows with improved udder conformation and feet, better calving performance and reduced costs because of improved milk quality and fertility.

Where to find the original material: https://projectblue.blob.core.windows.net/media/Default/Dairy/Publications/Profitable%20Lifetime%20Factsheet_190121_WEB;
Country: UK

170 Limited association between disinfectant use and either antibiotic or disinfectant susceptibility of Escherichia coli in both poultry and pig husbandry (Research paper – Maertens, 2019)

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170 Research paper – Maertens – 2019 – Limited association between disinfectant use and either antibiotic or disinfectant susceptibility of Escherichia coli in both poultry and pig husbandr

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \Internal biosecurity; Materials
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
The study examined the use of disinfectants in poultry and pig husbandry and its contribution to the antibiotic and disinfectant susceptibility of Escherichia coli strains obtained after cleaning and disinfection. This study showed a high resistance prevalence (> 50%) for ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and tetracycline for both production animal categories, while for ciprofloxacin only a high resistance prevalence was found in broiler houses. Disinfectant susceptibility results were homogenously distributed within a very small concentration range. All E. coli strains were susceptible to in-use concentrations of formaldehyde, benzalkoniumchloride and a formulation of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, indicating that the practical use of disinfectants did not select for disinfectant resistance. No indications for the selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria through the use of disinfectants in agricultural environments were shown. This study suggests that proper use of disinfectants in agricultural environments does not promote antibiotic resistance nor reduce E. coli disinfectant susceptibility.

Where to find the original material: https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12917-019-2044-0; https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-2044-0
Country: BE

169 Tree hedge for cows by Vanla (Tools & Checklists)

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169 ToolsChecklists – Tree hedge for cows by Vanla

In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health \
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age:
Summary:
Cows find their own pharmacy in a tree hedge. Eating the leaves of the trees, shrubs and herbs gives them extra and varied plant substances, minerals, trace elements and vitamins. It has already been shown that trees, shrubs and herbs have a medicinal value. The leaves are a natural – and beloved – source of protein, minerals, and health-promoting substances, such as tannin.

Where to find the original material: https://www.nieuweoogst.nl/nieuws/2020/03/12/boomwal-functioneert-als-apotheek-voor-koeien;

Country: Netherlands;