175 Evolution of antimicrobial use on French pig farms from 2010 to 2016 through the INAPORC panels (Research paper – Hemonic, 2019)

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175 Research paper – Hemonic – 2019 – Evolution of antimicrobial use on French pig farms from 2010 to 2016 through the INAPORC panels

AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
The purpose of this study was to understand the major areas of reduction in antibiotic use over six years, through the INAPORC panels, which were surveys of representative samples of farms performed in 2010, 2013 and 2016. Over the six years, the mean number of treatment days significantly decreased for all age categories of animals. However, for sows the decrease was less marked (-7%) than for suckling piglets (-28%), weaned piglets (-70%) and fatteners (-71%). Other major results included a considerable decrease in the use of critically important antibiotics (kept in priority for human medicine), premixes and colistin. This did not result in increased use of other digestive antibiotics or in a massive use of zinc oxide (16% of farms using zinc oxide in 2016). The INAPORC panel contributes to providing detailed references on antibiotic use in pig production and demonstrates the continued commitment to improving current practices.

Where to find the original material: http://www.journees-recherche-porcine.com/texte/2019/santeanimale/s06.pdf;
Country: FR

172 The characteristics of high performing farms in the UK by AHDB (Farm Innovation)

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172 Farm Innovation – THE CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH PERFORMING FARMS IN THE UK by AHDB

Precision Livestock Farming & Early detection \
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
What are the top-performing farmers doing differently to the others? Why can two neighbouring equally sized farms on similar soils with the same fundamental farm systems make radically different amounts of money? This paper set out to find answers using three methods. First, a literature review explored published work from around the UK and beyond. Next, a novel analysis was undertaken interrogating the outputs of the Farm Business Survey matching pairs of similar farms from different performance quartiles (measured as farm income divided by costs associated with it; a return on turnover). Thirdly, six case stories were examined. They demonstrate five outstanding farms operating at a very high level and one farm working hard but not achieving good results.

Where to find the original material: https://ahdb.org.uk/knowledge-library/the-characteristics-of-high-performing-farms-in-the-uk;
Country: UK

165 Assigning defined daily doses animal_ a European multi-country experience for antimicrobial products authorized for usage in pigs (Research paper – Postma, 2015)

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165 Research paper – Postma – 2015 – Assigning defined daily doses animal_ a European multi-country experience for antimicrobial products authorized for usage in pigs

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
This study aims to define an agreement to daily dose animal (DDDA) for each active substance (AS) and administration route for swine antimicrobials authorized in four European countries, thus allowing cross-country quantification and comparison of antimicrobial usage data. All veterinary antimicrobial products authorized for swine use in Belgium, France, Germany and Sweden were listed per administration route. This study presents an agreement DDDA list for use in the quantification and comparison of antimicrobial use. Four major recommendations are: (i) urgent need for harmonization of authorization and recommended summary of product characteristics (SPC) dosages; (ii) expand the developed preliminary DDDA list to include all authorized veterinary medicinal products in all EU member states and for all (food-producing) animal species; (iii) improved accessibility of country-specific SPC data would be preferable; and (iv) statement of the ‘long-acting’ duration of a product in the SPC.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25223972; https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dku347
Country: BE; FR; DE; SE; CH

156 Reducing antibiotic use in lameness cases using the Healthy Feet Programme by AHDB Dairy (Tools & Checklists)

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156 ToolsChecklists – Reducing antibiotic use in lameness cases using the Healthy Feet Programme by AHDB Dairy

SIG: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:
The aim of the UK Healthy Feet Programme and this checklist is to help you make the necessary changes to reduce lameness and improve your business performance. Rather than using antibiotics, it is better to treat certain forms of lameness, such as sole ulcers and white line disease with a foot trim, block and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. For infectious lesions, such as digital dermatitis, antibiotics may be entirely appropriate. Ensure all medicines used are licensed products and you have a discussion with your vet about treatments. Antibiotics for footbaths are not licensed and are inappropriate.

Where to find the original material:

https://ahdb.org.uk/knowledge-library/reducing-antibiotic-use-in-lameness-factsheet;

Country: United Kingdom;

131 EMA and EFSA Joint Scientific Opinion on measures to reduce the need to use antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry in the European Union (Research report – EMA EFSA, 2017 )

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131 Research report – EMA EFSA – 2017 – EMA and EFSA Joint Scientific Opinion on measures to reduce the need to use antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry in the European Union

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use; Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Young; Adult; Different for different species;
Summary: In 2017, EFSA and EMA have jointly reviewed measures taken in the EU to reduce the need for and use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals, and the resultant impacts on antimicrobial resistance (AMR).Some reduction strategies have been implemented successfully in some Member States, including: national reduction targets, benchmarking of antimicrobial use, controls on prescribing by veterinarians and restrictions on use of specific critically important antimicrobials, together with improvements to animal husbandry, disease prevention and control measures.

https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4666; https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4666

Country: EU

129 The global threat of antimicrobial resistance_science for intervention (Research report – Roca, 2015)

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129 Research report – Roca – 2015 – The global threat of antimicrobial resistance_science for intervention

AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use; Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Other;
Age: Different for different species;
Summary: The current threat of antimicrobial resistance plus the need to control it and find alternatives to currently used antimicrobial products has prompted the different stakeholders to take action in integrating research and public health, maintaining and promoting national and international antimicrobial resistance (AMR) research communities. In summary, the following measures can be taken to prevent emergence and spread of AMR: rational antibiotic’s use, implementing infection control measures at farm level, developing strategies to mitigate the risks for environment of antimicrobial residues, having rapid tests for diagnosis of infections, promotion of research on prevention and surveillance of AMR and developing novel antimicrobial strategies and agents, improving general and public awareness of responsible antibiotic use and risks associated to increased AMR.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4446399/; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2015.02.007

Country: ES, TR, FR, UK, BE, NL, SE, DK, US, IT, IE, MZ, DE, CH,

125 Dairy farmers’ perspectives on antibiotic use – A qualitative study (Research paper; Fischer, 2019)

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125 Research paper – Fischer – 2019 – Dairy farmers’ perspectives on antibiotic use_ A qualitative study

AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use; Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary: An important step in limiting the development of antibiotic resistance is reducing use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. Farmers’ practices and reasoning around their antibiotic use do not reflect solely that farmer as an individual, and are guided by context (e.g., veterinary advice, peer pressure, regulation, and interactions with farm animals). This paper draws on the concept of the “good farmer,” to interpret findings from a study of Swedish dairy farms. Despite comparatively strict antibiotic use regulations in Sweden, the farmers do not report lack of access to antibiotics when needed. Structural limitations faced by farmers, rather than lack of information, impose constraints to further limiting antibiotic use in Sweden. Overall stricter and more uniform global regulations on antibiotic use in animal farming could be an effective measure for reducing antibiotic use.
Where to find the original material:

https://www.journalofdairyscience.org/action/showPdf?pii=S0022-0302%2819%2930006-2; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15015

Country: Sweden

121 Antimicrobial Stewardship in Food Animals in Canada_ Progress on Recommendations and Stakeholder Activities by National Farmed Animal Health and Welfare Council (Industry Innovation)

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121 Industry Innovation – Antimicrobial Stewardship in Food Animals in Canada_ Progress on Recommendations and Stakeholder Activities by National Farmed Animal Health and Welfare Council

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Summary: This report details the collaborative and joined up approach to the challenge of AMR and the support needed for the continuous development of antimicrobial stewardship in food production in Canada. This 2019 update reflects on the Canadian One Health strategy based around the pillars of Surveillance, Infection prevention and control, Stewardship and Research & Innovation and evaluates what progress has been made against the recommendations. The Council has galvanised many parts of the industry to act within their sectors as well as respond to changing policy around the manufacture, import, purchase and licensing of certain drugs. The report goes into detail about how each recommendation has been acted upon and the developments within each region of Canada.
Where to find the original material:

https://www.amstewardship.ca/antimicrobial-stewardship-in-food-animals-in-canada-progress-on-recommendations-and-stakeholder-activities/
Country: CA

116 Information note on antibiotic resistance and the responsible use of antibiotics in farm animals by RUMA (Industry Innovation)

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116 Industry Innovation – INFORMATION NOTE ON ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND THE RESPONSIBLE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN FARM ANIMALS by RUMA

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Antibiotic use Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Summary:
The Responsible Use of Medicines in Agriculture Alliance (RUMA) is an alliance of over 26 industry organisations representing every stage of food production from “farm to fork”. See www.ruma.org.uk/about/ruma-members for full list of current member organisations. RUMA aims to promote a co-ordinated and integrated approach to best practice in the use of medicines for farm animals. RUMA provides free guidance to farmers and vets on the responsible and effective use of medicines in agriculture. Responsible use of antibiotics on farms means using antibiotics as little as possible and as much as necessary. Regardless of the farming system, the focus for improved animal husbandry should include improved biosecurity practices and on-going vet and farmer training on disease prevention and the responsible use of antibiotics.

https://www.ruma.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/RUMA-NOTE-ON-AMR-AND-THE-RESPONSIBLE-USE-OF-ANTIBIOTICS-IN-FARM-ANIMALS-Final-updated-130420-1;
Country: UK

112 Effect of Antimicrobial Consumption and Production Type on Antibacterial Resistance in the Bovine Respiratory and Digestive Tract (Research paper; Catry, 2016)

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112 Research paper – Catry – 2016 – Effect of Antimicrobial Consumption and Production Type on Antibacterial Resistance in the Bovine Respiratory and Digestive Tract

112 Research paper
Effect of Antimicrobial Consumption and Production Type on Antibacterial Resistance in the Bovine Respiratory and Digestive Tract
by Catry, B., Dewulf, J., Maes, D., Pardon, B., Callens, B., Vanrobaeys, M., Opsomer, G., de Kruif, A. and F. Haesebrouck. 2016 PLOS ONE 11: e0146488 (16p.)
In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Dairy; Beef;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary: The relationship between antimicrobial use and the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in cattle was investigated in this study. Three types of production system were investigated for 2 years, for a total of 25 herds: 10 dairy, 10 beef, and 5 veal herds. Two different types of bacteria were sampled for the monitoring of intestinal and nasal resistance. The use of antimicrobials was recorded on 15 of these farms (5 of each production type). Antimicrobial resistance rates for 12 antimicrobial agents demonstrated large differences between intensively reared veal calves and more extensively reared dairy and beef cattle. Data analysis showed a strong relation between intensity of antimicrobial use and increased resistance. Antimicrobials given in orally in low doses and antimicrobials used preventively as group medication promoted the rise of multi-drug resistance in bacteria from the digestive and respiratory system.

Country: BE