283 – Antibiotic alternatives_ the substitution of antibiotics in animal husbandry (Research paper – Cheng – 2014)

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283 Research paper – Cheng – 2014 – Antibiotic alternatives_ the substitution of antibiotics in animal husbandry

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ New antibiotics
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
It is a common practice for decades to use of sub-therapeutic dose of antibiotics in food-animal feeds to prevent animals from diseases and to improve production performance in modern animal husbandry. Concerns over the increasing emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria have prompted efforts to develop so-called alternatives to antibiotics. This review summarizes recent development and perspectives of alternatives to antibiotics. The mechanism of actions, applications of the alternatives such as immunity modulating agents, bacteriophages and their lysins, antimicrobial peptides, pro-, pre-, and synbiotics, plant extracts, inhibitors targeting pathogenicity, and feeding enzymes are discussed. Lastly, the feasibility of these alternatives is analyzed. The conclusion is that these alternatives are not likely to replace antibiotics in animals in a foreseeable future. Therefore, prudent use of antibiotics and the establishment of scientific monitoring systems are the best and fastest way to limit the adverse effects of overuse of antibiotics.

Where to find the original material: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00217/full; https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00217
Country: CN

280 – Medicinal Plants Based Products Tested on Pathogens Isolated from Mastitis Milk (Research paper – Pasca – 2017)

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280 Research paper – Pasca – 2017 – Medicinal Plants Based Products Tested on Pathogens Isolated from Mastitis Milk

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ New antibiotics
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
The search for alternative drugs based on plants has become a priority in livestock medicine. In this context, the main objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial effect of extracts and products of several plants on pathogens isolated from bovine mastitis. A total of eleven plant alcoholic extracts and eight plant-derived products were tested against 32 microorganisms from milk. The obtained results have shown an inhibition of bacterial growth for all tested plants, with better results for Evernia prunastri, Artemisia absinthium, and Lavandula angustifolia. Moreover, E. prunastri, Populus nigra, and L. angustifolia presented small averages of minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations. Among the plant-derived products, three out of eight have shown a strong anti-microbial effect comparable with the effect of florfenicol and enrofloxacin. These results suggest an important anti-microbial effect of these products on pathogens isolated from bovine mastitis with a possible applicability in this disease.

Where to find the original material: https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/9/1473; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22091473
Country: RO

270 – Alternatives to formaldehyde compounds for hygiene of Gallus gallus hatching eggs (Research paper – Puterflam – 2017)

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270 Research paper – Puterflam – 2017 – Alternatives to formaldehyde compounds for hygiene of Gallus gallus hatching eggs

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ Other Biosecurity
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young;
Summary:
During cooling of freshly laid eggs, the porosity of the eggshell allows environmental microorganisms to penetrate the egg and it is a cause of poor health for chicks’. The presence of microorganisms on the shell, the time between laying and collection, and storage conditions of eggs can increase risk of contamination. The disinfection of hatching eggs is an effective way of prevention, but it is done several hours after laying, with some risk of bacterial proliferation. Therefore it is important to reduce the contamination of the eggs after laying and before their introduction in the hatching process. Several assays to test alternative practices to reduce bacterial contamination were done. Using air disinfection systems in the egg conveyor didn’t lead to decrease bacterial contamination on egg surface. However, quick isolation of freshly laid eggs from the rearing area led to a significant decrease of outer- and inner-shell bacterial contamination.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7601528/; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101488
Country: FR

267 – Comparaison de l effet de diferents additifs alimentaires en production de poulets Label Rouge (Research paper – Pertusa – 2017)

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267 Research paper – Pertusa – 2017 – Comparaison de l effet de diferents additifs alimentaires en production de poulets Label Rouge

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ Pre-/probiotics Feed / gut health
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young;
Summary:
Reducing the use of antibiotics is a major challenge for the poultry sector. This work aims at assessing the efficiency of several different forms of food additive on technical performances and health status of Label Rouge broilers, produced in sub-optimal conditions (eggs storage before incubation for 18 days and distribution of less digestive food with essential amino-acid deficiency). The effects of pre-starter, rehydrating, and combination of the two products are tested for the first two days of rearing. The (day-old) chick quality, measured according to 8 criteria, is negatively impacted by the storage duration before incubation. For the first 2 days, the pre starter effect is positive. Its usefulness is clear when this is combined with the rehydrating association. The supplementation from 7 to 12 days has improved the broiler feed efficiency. For the second part of rearing (15-76 days), technical results are not significantly different regardless of treatments.

Where to find the original material: https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20183183465;
Country: FR

258 – Assessment of the innocuity and immunostimulant properties of plant extracts in chicken cell lines (Research paper – Allimonnier, 2019)

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258 Research paper – Allimonnier – 2019 – Assessment of the innocuity and immunostimulant properties of plant extracts in chicken cell lines

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ Immunomodulators
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
The use of plant extracts in poultry feed is a promising approach to reinforce the animals’ natural defenses. However, this approach is limited by the lack of robust references and solid methodological bases. Our objective was to develop and test a simple, reliable and repeatable method to determine capacities of plant extracts in stimulating the natural defenses of poultry. A bibliographic study helped identifying 4 plant extracts: Astragalus, Echinacea, Ginseng and Melissa. We have shown that Astragalus, Echinacea, Ginseng and Melissa had little or no cytotoxic effects. Results from experiments with Melissa and Ginseng suggest these may have immune stimulating activities. The Melissa and Ginseng extracts appear to be non-cytotoxic candidates, capable of stimulating the natural defenses of poultry.

Where to find the original material: https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02734430;
Country: FR

254 Cow bath by Timmerman (Industry Innovation)

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254 Industry Innovation – Cow bath by Timmerman

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ Other
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
Cows that are stranded on the ground as a result of milk fever, a heavy birth or a fall are helped back into their legs with the use of a warm bath. Water helps the cow to get up because they only weigh 30 percent of their own weight. Muscles are relieved, the pressure decreases and the blood circulation improves. The cow bath is brought to the location together with a tank of hot water. The cow is placed on a mat and pushed into the bath. Then the watertight doors are attached and the water tap opens. The water is 38 degrees and the cow stays in the bath for six hours. The halter is tied so that the cow does not drown. The cow usually stands immediately.

Where to find the original material: https://www.nieuweoogst.nl/nieuws/2020/05/08/koebaden-zijn-therapeutisch-en-heilzaam;
Country: NL

200 – Evaluation of propolis for antibacterial activity in vitro (Research paper – Herman – 2018)

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200 Research paper – Herman – 2018 – Evaluation of propolis for antibacterial activity in vitro

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ Other
Species targeted: Other;
Summary:
The antimicrobial action of the propolis tincture was tested on six bacterial strains. Raw propolis tincture produced the inhibition of the growth of bacterial cultures for four of the bacterial strains studied. For two of the bacterial strains studied, propolis tincture produced no inhibition of the growth of bacterial cultures. The investigations performed in this study demonstrated that the propolis tincture in vitro has antibacterial effect. The results from this study indicate a possible action of the propolis tincture, which can be used as a local treatment (to some extent), for various bacterial diseases in animals.

Where to find the original material: https://agmv.ro/vol-28-nr-3-2018/; ISSN: 1220-3173
Country: RO

187 Use of natural products as alternatives to antibiotic feed additives in ruminant production (Research paper – Jouany, 2007)

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187 Research paper – Jouany – 2007 – Use of _natural_ products as alternatives to antibiotic feed additives in ruminant production

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ Pre-/probiotics; Feed / gut health
Species targeted: Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
The banning in 2006 of the use of antibiotics as animal growth promoters in the European Union has increased demand from producers for alternative feed additives that can be used to improve animal production. This review gives an overview of the most common non-antibiotic feed additives already being used or that could potentially be used in ruminant nutrition. Probiotics, dicarboxylic acids, enzymes and plant-derived products including saponins, tannins and essential oils are presented. The known modes of action and effects of these additives on feed digestion and more especially on rumen fermentations are described. Their utility and limitations in field conditions for modern ruminant production systems and their compliance with the current legislation are also discussed.

Where to find the original material: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/animal/article/use-of-natural-products-as-alternatives-to-antibiotic-feed-additives-in-ruminant-production/B553FEADEDDA5BF470E70710C7B45038; https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731107000742
Country: France

135 Effectiveness of alternative measures to reduce antimicrobial usage in pig production in four European countries (Research paper – Raasch, 2020)

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135 Research paper – Raasch – 2020 – Effectiveness of alternative measures to reduce antimicrobial usage in pig production in four European countries

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \  AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
The reduction of antimicrobial usage (AMU) is in the focus in modern pig production. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of alternatives to reduce AMU at herd level. In a study, 68 farrow-to-finish pig herds located in Belgium, France, Germany and Sweden were recruited on a voluntary basis to implement tailor-made intervention plans to reduce AMU. Alternative measures included improvement of biosecurity, vaccination, changes of feeding schemes or drinking water quality, improved pig health and welfare care as well as changes in stable climate and zootechnical measures. Following tailor-made implementation of alternative measures, a substantial reduction of AMU in pig production was achievable without jeopardizing animal health. The AMU reduction in the youngest age categories (suckling and weaned pigs) and the reduction of group treatments via feed and water was in line with the recent European Guidelines on the prudent use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7050127/; https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-020-0145-6

Country: BE; FR; DE; SE

133 Use of phytobiotics in broiler nutrition – an alternative to infeed antibiotics (Research report – Grashorn, 2010)

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133 Research report – Grashorn – 2010 – Use of phytobiotics in broiler nutrition – an alternative to infeed antibiotics

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
In poultry meat production birds have to face several challenges disturbing the normal functioning of the organism. Mainly, the gastrointestinal tract may be influenced resulting in weakened absorption of nutrients and in reduced performance and increased mortality. Therefore, in the past antibiotics were supplemented to diets to make birds cope better with harsh conditions. With the ban of antibiotics as infeed growth promoters farmers lost an effective tool to help birds to realize their performance capacity. Phytobiotics seem to be the most promising alternatives to antibiotics as growth promoters as they are of natural origin and as they are generally regarded as safe, although, they contain a broad number of pharmacologically active substances with unknown action. Experiments with various products conducted with broilers up to now show a tendency for improved performance and health status, although the net margin amounts only to few percents in regard to tested control groups.

Where to find the original material:

http://www.jafs.com.pl/Use-of-phytobiotics-in-broiler-nutrition-n-an-alternative-to-infeed-antibiotics-,66297,0,2.html; https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/66297/2010

Country: DE