130 Mastitis treatment_Reduction in antibiotic usage in dairy cows (Research report – Kromker, 2017)

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130 Research report – Kromker – 2017 – Mastitis treatment_Reduction in antibiotic usage in dairy cows

AMU reduction strategies \ Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Reduction in Antibiotic Usage (AMU) in dairy cows due to mastitis by implementation of smart, evidence‐based selection criteria requires increased diagnostic efforts. When the identification of therapy‐worthy animals as well as treatment‐requiring mastitis‐causing pathogens succeeds in a rapid and reliable manner, the reduction of AMU by ~50% in treatment of clinical mastitis and ~30% in antibiotic dry cow treatment (amount of uninfected cows) is feasible. Progress in the development of therapeutic alternatives and further investigations make a further reduction in AMU seem likely. However, the most effective and contemporary methods for decreasing AMU in dairy production comprise the implementation of evidence‐based mastitis therapy concepts and selective dry cow treatment. Avoidance of wrong decisions with unfavourable long‐term effects and related adverse consequences for animal welfare requires a systematic udder health monitoring of dairy farms.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/rda.13032 ; https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.13032

Country: DE

124 Investigation of antibiotic alternatives to improve health and growth of veal calves (Research paper -Short communication; Pempek, 2018)

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124 Research paper – Pempek – 2018 – Short communication_ Investigation of antibiotic alternatives to improve health and growth of veal calves

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ Other
Species targeted: Beef;
Age: Young;
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lactoferrin and cinnamaldehyde on the health,
growth, and mortality of special-fed veal calves.
This study investigated the effect of 2 alternative therapies, lactoferrin (an iron-binding protein found in colostrum) and cinnamaldehyde (an essential oil of the cinnamon plant) on growth, disease incidence, and mortality risk in special-fed veal calves (1 g/d in milk replacer).
Body weight and average daily gain were similar between treatments. Neither lactoferrin nor cinnamaldehyde had an effect on diarrhea incidence.
However, the risk of navel inflammation was significantly lower for calves that received cinnamaldehyde compared with calves in the control group. Additional research is needed on the effect of the various doses of these alternative therapies on calf health and growth, in addition to different routes of administration.

Where to find the original material: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002203021830184X; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-14055
Country: US
124 Research paper – Pempek – 2018 – Short communication_ Investigation of antibiotic alternatives to improve health and growth of veal calves

109 A Bayesian micro-simulation to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of interventions for mastitis control during the dry period in UK dairy herds (Research paper; Down, 2016)

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109 Research paper – Down – 2016 – A Bayesian micro-simulation to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of interventions for mastitis control during the dry period in UK dairy herds

109 Research paper
A Bayesian micro-simulation to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of interventions for mastitis control during the dry period in UK dairy herds
by Down, P.M., Bradley, A.J., Breen, J.E., Browne, W.J., Kypraios, T. and M.J. Green
2016 Preventive Veterinary Medicine 133: 64-72
In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ Other Pathogen management
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary: It is still unknown which type of interventions will reduce the risk of getting mastitis in the dry period, particularly with regard to cost-effectiveness. This study has gathered data from 77 UK dairy farms that participated in a British mastitis control programme during 2009–2012, with most intramammary infections being acquired during the dry period. The data contained clinical mastitis (CM) and somatic cell count (SCC) records, herd management practices and details of interventions that were implemented by the farmer as part of the control plan. Interventions identified as being cost-effective in most circumstances included selecting dry-cow therapy at the cow level, dry-cow rations formulated by a qualified nutritionist, use of individual calving pens, first milking cows within 24 h of calving and spreading bedding evenly in dry-cow yards. These results can be used to optimize decision making in mastitis control.
Country: UK

51 Phages by Intralytix Omnilytixs (Farm Innovation)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Specific alternatives \ Other
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young;Adult;
Summary: Bacteriophages or simply are viruses that exclusively infect bacteria. Within these bacteria, they replicate and produce new virus particles which are set free as soon as the bacteria either disintegrates or explodes. This capacity of being able to destroy bacteria makes phages powerful antimicrobials and exactly that characteristic could be exploited while treating various infectious diseases, i.e. by phage treatment.
The number of studies about phage therapy is growing, indicating that more data will become available about phage and enzybiotic efficacy and safety.
Advantages and disadvantages are discussed and the article ends with perspectives for the future. One of the most important problems before commercialization of products is the lack of clear regulations. Therefore it is essential to continue contributing necessary data, so authorities can understand the real value of their later use.
52 Farm Innovation – Phages by Intralytix Omnilytixs
Where to find the original material: (in English)
https://www.poultryworld.net/Health/Articles/2019/2/Pros-and-cons-of-using-phages-388607E/;
Country: USA

52 Farm Innovation – Phages by Intralytix Omnilytixs

29 Could probiotics be the panacea alternative to the use of antimicrobials in livestock diets (Research paper; Cameron, 2019)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Feed / gut health \ Feed additives and supplements; Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Different for different species;
Outcome Parameter(s): Ruminant feed conversion ratio; Milk production; Rumen pH modulation; Poultry feed conversion ratio; Egg production; Swine feed conversion ratio
Summary: Probiotic research in livestock is rapidly evolving, aspiring to produce local and systemic health benefits on par with antimicrobials. Although many studies have clearly demonstrated the potential of probiotics to positively affect animal health and inhibit pathogens, experimental evidence suggests that probiotics’ successes are modest, conditional, strain dependent, and transient. Here, we explore current understanding, trends, and emerging applications of probiotic research and usage in major livestock species, and highlight successes in animal health and performance.
29 Research paper – Cameron – 2019 – Could probiotics be the panacea alternative to the use of antimicrobials in livestock
diets
Where to find the original material:
https://www.wageningenacademic.com/doi/abs/10.3920/BM2019.0059; https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2019.0059
Country: CA

29 Research paper – Cameron – 2019 – Could probiotics be the panacea alternative to the use of antimicrobials in livestock diets

28 The role of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in animal nutrition (Research paper; Markowiak, 2018)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Specific alternatives \ Pre-/probiotics
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Different for different species;
Summary: Despite numerous difficulties associated with the registration of feed additives, modern global economy and strong market competition result in the need to introduce new technologies to animal nutrition. This paper discusses definitions of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. Criteria that have to be met by those kinds of formulas are also presented. The paper offers a list of the most commonly used probiotics and prebiotics and some examples of their combinations in synbiotic formulas used in animal feeding. Examples of available study results on the effect of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on animal health are also summarised
28 Research paper – Markowiak – 2018 – The role of probiotics prebiotics and synbiotics in animal nutrition
Where to find the original material:
https://gutpathogens.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13099-018-0250-0; https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-018-0250-0
Country: PL

28 Research paper – Markowiak – 2018 – The role of probiotics prebiotics and synbiotics in animal nutrition

26 Potential dietary feed additives with antibacterial effects and their impact on performance of weaned piglets: A meta-analysis (Research paper, Vanrolleghem et al., 2019)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Feed / gut health \ Feed additives and supplements – Feed additives and supplements ; Specific alternatives

Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Outcome Parameter(s): growth parameters; ‘average daily gain’ (ADG); ‘feed conversion ratio’ (FCR)
Summary: Between January 2010 and January 2017, 23 in vivo studies (comprising 50 trials) were published that evaluated the use of potential dietary feed additives (pDFA) against a positive control diet with antibiotics in weaned piglets, and reporting the performance parameters average daily gain’ (ADG) and ‘feed conversion ratio’ (FCR). The results of the meta-analysis clearly show that adding a pDFA at weaning can improve performance indicators compared to an untreated group (negative control), suggesting that pDFA could increase growth and improve feed conversion. As such, pDFA could potentially enhance production without the negative side effect of AMUs. Compared to the use of AMUs (positive control), the results of the meta-analysis show no overall significant difference. This is a beneficial result, as it suggests that the use of AMUs around weaning, a very commonly used practice, could be replaced by pDFA without significant negative effects on the performance indicators.
26 Research paper – Vanrolleghem – 2019 – Potential dietary feed additives with antibacterial effects and their impact on performance of weaned piglets: A meta-analysis. Vanrolleghem, W., Tanghe, S., Verstringe, S., Bruggeman, G., Papadopoulos, D., Trevisi, P., Zentek, J., Sarrazin, S. and J. Dewulf 2019 The Veterinary Journal 249: 24-32
Where to find the original material:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023319300528; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.04.017
Country: BE, IT, DE

26 Research paper – Vanrolleghem – 2019 – Potential dietary feed additives with antibacterial effects and their impact on performance of

20 Cider vinegar in water by Mr Wijnen (Farm Innovation)

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Significant Impact Group(s): Water \ Water additives ; Specific alternatives

Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young; Adult;
Outcome Parameter(s): vital chicks
Summary: The story of one farmer: Using apple cider vinegar in drinkingwater of chickens lowers use of antibiotics.
“It is nonsense that the animals should be given antibiotics to stay healthy.”
Story of one poultry farmer.
20 Farm Innovation – Cider vinegar in water by Mr Wijnen
Where to find the original material: (in Dutch)
https://www.boerderij.nl/Pluimveehouderij/Achtergrond/2010/4/Gezonde-kuikens-met-appelazijn-BOE011309W/;
Country: NL

20 Farm Innovation – Cider vinegar in water by Mr Wijnen

4 Lactobacillus plantarum S27 from chicken faeces as a potential probiotic to replace antibiotics in vivo evidence (Research paper; Benbara, 2020)

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4 Research paper
Lactobacillus plantarum S27 from chicken faeces as a potential probiotic to replace antibiotics: in vivo evidence by Benbara, T., Lalouche, S., Drider, D., and F. Bendali
2020 Beneficial Microbes 11: 163-173
in Significant Impact Group(s): Specific alternatives \ Pre-/probiotics

Species targeted: Poultry;
Outcome Parameter(s): Improved production; lower disease susceptibility
Summary: A Lactobacillus plantarum strain was isolated from chicken faeces and assessed for its probiotic use. The administration of L. plantarum S27 to each chick daily by gavage, for 31 days, permitted to improve the animal food intake and weight. Supplementation of L. plantarum S27 resulted in increased live body weight since the 4th week, compared to chickens from group 1 (preventive antibiotic treatment with erythromycin) and group 2 (control group without treatment). Remarkably, weights of carcasses, heart and gizzard from the probiotic treated group 3 were significantly higher. In vitro and in vivo analyses indicated that L. plantarum S27 is a potential probiotic for chickens as alternative to antibiotics in animals feeding. This study underlines the richness of chicken digestive tract as source for probiotic strains. This study underlines the richness of the chicken digestive tract as a source for potential probiotic strains. However, it is important to assess these probiotic properties first by extensive in vitro analyses such as gastric acidity (pH 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5), tolerance to bile salts, adherence to broiler intestinal cells and antibacterial activity. Out of the strains isolated, only a few potentially interesting strains remain which fulfilled the probiotics criteria selection and expressed antibacterial activities against the enteric avian pathogens, such as E. coli and S. enterica, which are frequently encountered during poultry production. One selected Lactobacillus plantarum strain was subequently tested for susceptibility to antibiotics and adhesion to poultry intestinal cells to ascertain it probiotic attributes. Finally an in vivo experiment with chicks was set up with this selected Lactobacillus plantarum which proved its potential interesting probiotic properties such as reducing the amount of Enterobacteriaceae (as indicator bacteria of avian pathogens) in the intestine, and increased weight gain. Taken all together, the data from this study support an application of this strain as a future probiotic to be applied during food-animal production as replacement of in feed antibiotics.
4 Research paper – Benbara – 2020 – Lactobacillus plantarum S27 from chicken faeces as a potential probiotic to replace
antibiotics_in vivo evidence
Where to find the original material:
https://www.wageningenacademic.com/doi/abs/10.3920/BM2019.0116;
https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2019.0116
Country: DZ

 

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3 Uddermint by Innovative farmers (Farm Innovation)

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3 Farm Innovation
Uddermint by Innovative farmers
in Significant Impact Group(s): Specific alternatives \ Other

Species targeted: Dairy;

Age: Adult;
Summary: Website ‘Innovativefarmers’ with innovation ‘Uddermint. ’
The field lab aims to improve the health of dairy cows through a reduction in antibiotic use, particularly for the treatment of mastitis. Participants trialled the use of Uddermint, a liniment cream containing 35% mint oil, to reveal its efficacy in reducing high somatic cell counts, an indicator of subclinical mastitis. To test this more robustly, six farmers committed to participate in an experiment (2014). Newly-calved cows were treated with Uddermint® and the results for both treated and untreated cows were reported. Somatic cell counts were checked using National Milk Records (NMR). Although there was large variation in results between treatments and participating farms, when farm data was combined, somatic cell counts were significantly lower in the cows treated with Uddermint® than those that weren’t. Concluding; Uddermint® could be used as a complementary treatment for
mastitis in less severe cases, reducing antibiotic usage.

3 Farm Innovation – Uddermint by Innovative farmers
Where to find the original material: (in English)
https://www.innovativefarmers.org/field-lab?id=515ebe0a-6767-e511-80c5-005056ad0bd4;
Country: UK

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